"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Fresh-water ponds, lakes, and marshes, with emergent vegetation and little to no current (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: A local resident in southern Texas and southern Baja California southward through Mexico and into South America to central Argentina; casual north of this range into southeast California, southern Arizona, and central or eastern Texas.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Short neck, small size, golden eyes, dark gray face and foreneck.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests over shallow water, on floating platform of vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-7, usually 4-6; 34 mm.; bluish-white or pale green, later stained buffy-brown during incubation.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Approximately 21 days, by both sexes; young, which can swim soon after hatching, are carried on the parents' back for several days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 2,
"SPECIES_ID": 64,
"CLO": 64,
"SPEC_NAME": "Pied-billed Grebe",
"LATINNAME": "Podilymbus podiceps",
"FAMILY_ID": "PODI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.5",
"SECRETS": "This grebe's presence in a densely vegetated wetland during the breeding season is often revealed by it's loud, boisterous, cuckoo-like song. Usually escapes danger by diving and swimming away rather than flying.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Encountered on almost any size body of water (i.e., lakes, ponds, streams, or marshes) and also in a variety of habitats ranging from dense emergent vegetation to open water.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central and northeastern British Columbia and south-central Mackenzie east across northern Manitoba and central Ontario to southern Quebec, Maine, and Nova Scotia; and southward into Middle and South America. Winter distribution in North America occurs throughout most of its breeding range, southward from southern British Columbia, the central United States, Lakes Erie and Ontario, and New York (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A brownish grebe. In breeding season, has black ring around pale, chicken-like bill; and a black chin and throat. Ring around bill absent in winter.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests over water on floating platform of vegetation, which is usually attached to reeds or other emergent vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-10, usually 5-7; 43 mm.; bluish- or greenish-white in color, later stained with brown during incubation.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Approximately 23 days, mostly by female; young are carried on the parents' back.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 3,
"SPECIES_ID": 69,
"CLO": 69,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-necked Grebe",
"LATINNAME": "Podiceps grisegena",
"FAMILY_ID": "PODI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.2",
"SECRETS": "In many states, this species is an uncommon or rare migrant; look for it at this time on medium-sized or large lakes, where it should be compared with Western Grebe (which is larger) and Black-necked Grebe (which is smaller).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on lakes, ponds, rivers, and marshes during the breeding season and in migration; and along seacoasts, bays, and estuaries (and occasionally inland lakes) during the winter.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from western and central Alaska and central Yukon east across northwestern and southern MacKenzie, northwestern Saskatchewan, and central Manitoba to western and central Ontario; and south to the northern U.S. (from central Washington and southwestern Oregon east to the Great Lakes region); considered to be a rare breeder in the northeastern U.S., and in southern Ontario and southern Quebec. Wintering range primarily limited to both coasts (from Alaska south to California, and from Newfoundland south to South Carolina); casual inland (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: reddish neck, large white cheek patch, and dark cap are diagnostic in the breeding season. In winter, note size (larger than Black-necked Grebe, smaller than Western Grebe) and crescent-shaped white patch on side of face.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests over shallow water, on floating platform of vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 4-5; 54 mm.; bluish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Approximately 22-23 days, by both sexes; young are able to fly after about 70 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 4,
"SPECIES_ID": 71,
"CLO": 71,
"SPEC_NAME": "Horned Grebe",
"LATINNAME": "Podiceps auritus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PODI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-3.1 ***",
"SECRETS": "Horned Grebes are most likely to be confused with Black-necked Grebes in the winter (note the gray neck and cheek of the Black-necked Grebe). In the spring, when birds are molting, identification may be more difficult.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on lakes, ponds, and marshes during the breeding season or in migration; and along seacoasts, bays, and estuaries (also uncommon on inland freshwater lakes) during the winter.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central Alaska and northern Yukon east across northwestern and southern Mackenzie and southern Keewatin to northern Manitoba; and south to eastern Washington, south-central Oregon, northeastern Idaho, northern Montana, northwestern Wyoming, northern South Dakota, the Great Lakes region, northwestern Ontario, and southeastern Quebec. Wintering range primarily limited to both coasts (from Alaska south to northern Baja California, and from Nova Scotia through Florida and west to Texas) (A.O.U. 1998); also uncommonly on inland lakes and rivers, where sizable concentrations may occasionally be found.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Diagnostic marks during the breeding season include the golden ear tufts and reddish neck; in winter, note the white cheek patch (compare with Black-necked Grebe).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests over shallow water, on floating platform of vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7; usually 4-7; 44 mm; bluish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Approximately 22-25 days, by both sexes; young are able to fly after about 45-60 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 5,
"SPECIES_ID": 72,
"CLO": 72,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-necked Grebe",
"LATINNAME": "Podiceps nigricollis",
"FAMILY_ID": "PODI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "10.1 ****",
"SECRETS": "Black-necked Grebes are most likely to be confused with Horned Grebes in the winter (note the white neck and cheek of the Horned Grebe). In the spring, when birds are molting, identification may be more difficult.",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "Eared Grebe",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along lakes, ponds, rivers, and marshes; in winter also along seacoasts, bays, and estuaries.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central interior and northeastern British Columbia and southern Yukon east across northwestern and central Alberta and southern Manitoba to western Minnesota; and south to northern Baja California, central and southeastern Arizona (and south into Mexico), and south-central Texas. Generally winters from Mexico and Central America north to southern British Columbia, northern Nevada, northern Utah, Montana, and Kansas; more uncommon or rare in the eastern U.S. (i.e., from Kansas east to Maryland, and south to the Gulf coast) during the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Diagnostic marks during the breeding season include the golden ear tufts and black neck; in winter, note the gray neck and gray cheek bordered by white auricular patch and white throat (compare with Horned Grebe).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests over shallow water, on floating platform of vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-6, usually 3-5; 43 mm.; bluish- or greenish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Approximately 20-22 days, by both sexes; young are able to fly after about 21 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 6,
"SPECIES_ID": 77,
"CLO": 77,
"SPEC_NAME": "Western Grebe",
"LATINNAME": "Aechmophorus occidentalis",
"FAMILY_ID": "PODI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.4",
"SECRETS": "Distinguish this species from Clark's Grebe by the black crown which extends down on side of face to encompass the red eye and the greenish-yellow bill. This and the Clark's Grebe were formerly considered color morphs of a single species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on lakes, marshes, and bays, and also along seacoasts in winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from extreme southern British Columbia and central Alberta east to southern Manitoba; and south to southern California, Arizona (it is also a resident breeder in parts of Mexico), Colorado, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Winters along the Pacific coast (southeastern Alaska south to southern Baja California and Mexico), and inland to southern Utah, New Mexico, Colorado, and western Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Large grebe, with long, swan-like neck, and contrasting black and white colors.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests over shallow water, on floating platform of vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-7, usually 3-4; 58 mm.; bluish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Approximately 23 days, by both sexes; young are able to fly after about 63-77 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 7,
"SPECIES_ID": 78,
"CLO": 78,
"SPEC_NAME": "Clark's Grebe",
"LATINNAME": "Aechmophorus clarkii",
"FAMILY_ID": "PODI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Told from Western Grebe by white cheek extending above red eye & the orange-yellow bill (combination of black feathers & orange bill color suggestive of Clark's chocolate bar wrapper). Formerly considered a color morph of Western Grebe.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on lakes, marshes, and bays, and also along seacoasts in winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from south-central British Columbia east to southwestern Manitoba, extending southward to California, Arizona, New Mexico (it is also a resident breeder in parts of Mexico) and Colorado. Winter range extends from California to Colorado, south to southern Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Large grebe, with long, swan-like neck, and contrasting black and white colors.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests over shallow water, on floating platform of vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-7, usually 3-4; 58 mm.; bluish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Approximately 23 days, by both sexes; young are able to fly after about 63-77 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 8,
"SPECIES_ID": 96,
"CLO": 96,
"SPEC_NAME": "Wandering Albatross",
"LATINNAME": "Diomedea exulans",
"FAMILY_ID": "DIOM",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: pelagic waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Circumpolar breeding range includes islands in the South Atlantic and South Pacific Oceans; accidental in California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Royal Albatross, which lacks pronounced brown or black colorations in the crown, breast, back, or tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest consists of a mound of dirt or mud which is lined with feathers or grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation and fledging collectively may take as long as 11 months. Both adults incubate the egg and feed the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 9,
"SPECIES_ID": 100,
"CLO": 100,
"SPEC_NAME": "Short-tailed Albatross",
"LATINNAME": "Phoebastria albatrus",
"FAMILY_ID": "DIOM",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: pelagic waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Occurs in the North Pacific Ocean where active breeding is now primarily limited to the Japanese island of Torishima. Also occurs during the breeding season in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Ranges at sea to the western coast of North America, from Alaska to Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Adult plumage is mostly white, with a pink bill, pink legs, and yellowish cast on crown, nape, and neck.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest consists of a hollow scrape in the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation and fledging collectively may take as long as 8 or more months. Both adults incubate the egg and feed the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 10,
"SPECIES_ID": 101,
"CLO": 101,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-footed Albatross",
"LATINNAME": "Phoebastria nigripes",
"FAMILY_ID": "DIOM",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: pelagic waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes sites in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Ranges at sea to the western coast of North America, from Alaska to Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark coloration over most of body, with white around base of bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest consists of a hollow scrape in the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation and fledging collectively may take as long as 8 or more months. Both adults incubate the egg and feed the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 11,
"SPECIES_ID": 102,
"CLO": 102,
"SPEC_NAME": "Laysan Albatross",
"LATINNAME": "Phoebastria immutabilis",
"FAMILY_ID": "DIOM",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: pelagic waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Ranges throughout the north Pacific Ocean; breeds on the northwestern Hawaiian Islands. In North America, may be encountered from the Gulf of Alaska south to Baja California and the Gulf of California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: dark back and upper wing surface (except for white streaks in primary feathers); under side of wing is white with black margins.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest consists of a hollow scrape in the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation and fledging collectively may take as long as 7 months. Both adults incubate the egg and feed the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 12,
"SPECIES_ID": 103,
"CLO": 103,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-browed Albatross",
"LATINNAME": "Thalassarche melanophris",
"FAMILY_ID": "DIOM",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Pelagic waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Circumpolar in Southern Oceans; sight reports in North America exist for the Atlantic coast. Breeds on islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Pale, yellowish bill and broad, dark leading edge to the underside of the wing.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest consists of a mound of dirt or mud which is lined with feathers or grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both adults incubate the egg and feed the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 13,
"SPECIES_ID": 104,
"CLO": 104,
"SPEC_NAME": "Shy Albatross",
"LATINNAME": "Thalassarche cauta",
"FAMILY_ID": "DIOM",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Pelagic waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds on islands near Australia and New Zealand and ranges at sea in the Southern Oceans; in North America, accidental off the coast of Washington (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Underwing mostly white with narrow, black border. Black indentation also present at the base of the leading edge of the wing.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest consists of a mound of dirt or mud which is lined with feathers or grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both adults incubate the egg and feed the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 14,
"SPECIES_ID": 106,
"CLO": 106,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow-nosed Albatross",
"LATINNAME": "Thalassarche chlororhynchos",
"FAMILY_ID": "DIOM",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Pelagic waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds on islands and ranges at sea in the South Atlantic and southern Indian Oceans. Considered to be casual or accidental in a variety of locations in eastern North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Underwing mostly white with narrow, black border. Dark bill (yellow ridge on top of bill visible only at close range).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest consists of a mound of dirt or mud which is lined with feathers or grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation and fledging collectively may take as long as 7 or 8 months. Both adults incubate the egg and feed the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 15,
"SPECIES_ID": 109,
"CLO": 109,
"SPEC_NAME": "Light-mantled Albatross",
"LATINNAME": "Phoebetria palpebrata",
"FAMILY_ID": "DIOM",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Pelagic waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Circumpolar in Southern Oceans; accidental in North America off the California coast (A.O.U. 1998). Breeds on islands.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Light gray back contrasts with dark brown head and wings.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation and fledging collectively may take as long as 7 or 8 months. Both adults incubate the egg and feed the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 16,
"SPECIES_ID": 112,
"CLO": 112,
"SPEC_NAME": "Northern Fulmar",
"LATINNAME": "Fulmarus glacialis",
"FAMILY_ID": "PROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "There are two color phases (light and dark), with some birds showing intermediate color patterns.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on sea cliffs or rocky islands; found in pelagic waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Ranges at sea in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Breeds in the Aleutians, the Gulf of Alaska, islands in the Canadian Arctic, on Labrador, and in Newfoundland (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Thick neck, yellow bill with tubular nostrils.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, usually located on cliffs. \r\n\r\nEggs: 1; 74 mm; dull white, occasionally stained with red spots.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Approximately 50-60 days, by both sexes; young are able to fly after about 50 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 17,
"SPECIES_ID": 125,
"CLO": 125,
"SPEC_NAME": "Mottled Petrel",
"LATINNAME": "Pterodroma inexpectata",
"FAMILY_ID": "PROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests in burrows or rock crevices on small islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range primarily includes the New Zealand region; ranges at sea in waters between South America and New Zealand, north to the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note color contrast between gray belly and white throat and breast; also the black zig-zag bar on the leading edge of the underside of the wing.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation and fledging collectively may take as long as 4 or 5 months.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 18,
"SPECIES_ID": 128,
"CLO": 128,
"SPEC_NAME": "Cook's Petrel",
"LATINNAME": "Pterodroma cookii",
"FAMILY_ID": "PROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests in burrows on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range primarily limited to islands off the coast of New Zealand; ranges at sea in waters between South America and New Zealand, north to the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Underside of wings almost entirely white; similar to Stejneger's Petrel but lacks that species' black crown.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation and fledging collectively may take as long as 5 months.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 19,
"SPECIES_ID": 131,
"CLO": 131,
"SPEC_NAME": "Stejneger's Petrel",
"LATINNAME": "Pterodroma longirostris",
"FAMILY_ID": "PROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range primarily limited to islands off the coast of Chile; ranges at sea into Northern Pacific Ocean waters, extending almost to Japan. Accidental in California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Underside of wings almost entirely white; note dark crown (compare with Cook's Petrel).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation and fledging collectively may take as long as 5 months.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 20,
"SPECIES_ID": 134,
"CLO": 134,
"SPEC_NAME": "Herald Petrel",
"LATINNAME": "Pterodroma arminjoniana",
"FAMILY_ID": "PROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Ranges at sea in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans; breeds on islands in these waters. Considered casual or accidental on the east coast of North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Three color morphs; in all phases, note white flash on underside of wing at base of primary feathers which extends across the secondaries as well.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young. Eggs are laid sometime between January and March (Harrison 1985).",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 21,
"SPECIES_ID": 140,
"CLO": 140,
"SPEC_NAME": "Murphy's Petrel",
"LATINNAME": "Pterodroma ultima",
"FAMILY_ID": "PROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in the south-central Pacific Ocean; ranges at sea to the northern Pacific Ocean, including locations off the coast of California and Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note entirely dark underwings.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1.\r\n\r\nIncubation: As in other members of this family, both parents likely incubate the egg and care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 23,
"SPECIES_ID": 150,
"CLO": 150,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-capped Petrel",
"LATINNAME": "Pterodroma hasitata",
"FAMILY_ID": "PROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds on Hispaniola in the West Indies; ranges at sea in the western Atlantic Ocean from northeastern Brazil to North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, and Maine. Considered accidental elsewhere along the east coast (A.O.U. 1998; Harrison 1985).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note contrast of dark cap and white forehead, rump patch, and neck collar.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1.\r\n\r\nIncubation: As in other members of this family, both parents likely incubate the egg and care for the young. Breeding biology little known (Harrison 1985).",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 25,
"SPECIES_ID": 164,
"CLO": 164,
"SPEC_NAME": "Cory's Shearwater",
"LATINNAME": "Calonectris diomedea",
"FAMILY_ID": "PROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Found in the North and South Atlantic Ocean; breeds on islands in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Bill is yellow. Compare with Great Shearwater: in Cory's, note the lack of a distinct white rump patch; Cory's also has a gray cap which provides less contrast with the white throat.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation and fledging collectively may take as long as 4 months.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 26,
"SPECIES_ID": 165,
"CLO": 165,
"SPEC_NAME": "Streaked Shearwater",
"LATINNAME": "Calonectris leucomelas",
"FAMILY_ID": "PROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Western Pacific Ocean, extending south to New Guinea and Australia. Considered to be a casual visitor to California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note pronounced whitish coloration on the forehead, lores, and crown. Dark streaks on nape of neck.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation and fledging collectively may take as long as 5 or more months.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 27,
"SPECIES_ID": 166,
"CLO": 166,
"SPEC_NAME": "Wedge-tailed Shearwater",
"LATINNAME": "Puffinus pacificus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in the tropics, on islands in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Ranges at sea in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, including locations off the coast of southern Baja California south to central America; considered to be a casual visitor to California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Two distinct color morphs. Dark morph is largely blackish brown all over; in pale morph, note the mostly white coloration on the belly, breast, and underwing.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 28,
"SPECIES_ID": 167,
"CLO": 167,
"SPEC_NAME": "Buller's Shearwater",
"LATINNAME": "Puffinus bulleri",
"FAMILY_ID": "PROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds on islands near New Zealand; ranges at sea across the Pacific Ocean to areas off the coast of North and South America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note the frost-gray coloration of upper back, and how it contrasts with whitish secondaries and outer greater coverts; inner greater coverts consists of a dark bar that extends to the wrist in the wing.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation and fledging collectively may take as long as 5 or more months.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 29,
"SPECIES_ID": 168,
"CLO": 168,
"SPEC_NAME": "Flesh-footed Shearwater",
"LATINNAME": "Puffinus carneipes",
"FAMILY_ID": "PROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds on islands near Australia and New Zealand, and in the Indian Ocean. Ranges at sea in the North Pacific Ocean to areas off the coast of Japan and the Aleutian Islands; sometimes further south to California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Entire head and body are dark brownish-black in color, except for underside of primaries, which are slightly paler. Note diagnostic pale color to base of bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation and fledging collectively may take as long as 5 or more months.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 30,
"SPECIES_ID": 169,
"CLO": 169,
"SPEC_NAME": "Pink-footed Shearwater",
"LATINNAME": "Puffinus creatopus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Found primarily over the continental shelf, from southern Alaska south to South America; breeds on islands near Chile (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Gray-brown above, white on belly and breast; mottled underwings. Also note pinkish bill with a dark tip.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation and fledging collectively may take as long as 4 months.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 31,
"SPECIES_ID": 170,
"CLO": 170,
"SPEC_NAME": "Great Shearwater",
"LATINNAME": "Puffinus gravis",
"FAMILY_ID": "PROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "Greater Shearwater",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds on islands in the South Atlantic Ocean; ranges at sea throughout both the North and South Atlantic Ocean. Considered to be accidental in California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark crown contrasts with whitish nape and white throat; white rump patch. Compare with Cory's Shearwater.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 55 days; young are able to fly after about 84 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 32,
"SPECIES_ID": 171,
"CLO": 171,
"SPEC_NAME": "Sooty Shearwater",
"LATINNAME": "Puffinus griseus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds on islands off of Australia, New Zealand, and South America; ranges widely at sea in both the northern and southern regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark above; underneath, note the silver-white coverts at the base of the primary and secondary feathers.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 56 days; young are able to fly after about 100 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 33,
"SPECIES_ID": 172,
"CLO": 172,
"SPEC_NAME": "Short-tailed Shearwater",
"LATINNAME": "Puffinus tenuirostris",
"FAMILY_ID": "PROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds on islands off the coast of Australia. Ranges at sea in the central and northern Pacific Ocean; along the west coast of North America, may be encountered as far north as the Bering and Chukchi Seas, and south to Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Sooty Shearwater, from which it differs by having a slightly shorter bill and grayer underwings.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation and fledging collectively may take as long as 5 months.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 34,
"SPECIES_ID": 174,
"CLO": 174,
"SPEC_NAME": "Manx Shearwater",
"LATINNAME": "Puffinus puffinus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; occasionally in inland mountainous areas. Found in pelagic waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in the North Atlantic Ocean, on islands off of Newfoundland, Iceland, Massachusetts, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and France. Ranges at sea throughout much of the North Atlantic Ocean (including areas off the east coast of North America, from Newfoundland south to Florida), and along the east coast of South America, south to Argentina. Considered to be casual or accidental elsewhere in North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A distinctly black-and-white shearwater; note lack of white rump patch on dark upperparts and the extensively white underwing coverts; undertail coverts also mostly white.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 51 days; young are able to fly after about 70-75 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 35,
"SPECIES_ID": 178,
"CLO": 178,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-vented Shearwater",
"LATINNAME": "Puffinus opisthomelas",
"FAMILY_ID": "PROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds on islands near Baja California; ranges at sea along the Pacific Coast, from Mexico to California, and occasionally north to British Columbia (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark above. Underwing color is off-white, bordered with dark gray; note also the dark axillaries.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation and fledging collectively may take as long as 4 months.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 36,
"SPECIES_ID": 181,
"CLO": 181,
"SPEC_NAME": "Audubon's Shearwater",
"LATINNAME": "Puffinus lherminieri",
"FAMILY_ID": "PROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Widespread, discontinuous range in tropical waters. Ranges at sea in waters of the Western Atlantic Ocean, the West Indies, the Gulf of Mexico, the Indian Ocean, the eastern Pacific Ocean (along the coast of Mexico and northern South America), and in New Guinea and northern Australia (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Little Shearwater. Note this species' dark undertail coverts, and greater amount of brown on head.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 51 days; young are able to fly after about 72 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 37,
"SPECIES_ID": 183,
"CLO": 183,
"SPEC_NAME": "Little Shearwater",
"LATINNAME": "Puffinus assimilis",
"FAMILY_ID": "PROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes islands in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the southern Indian Ocean, and near Australia and New Zealand; ranges at sea throughout much of the southern oceans (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Audubon's Shearwater. Note this species' lesser amount of brown on head and usually white undertail coverts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 52-58 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 38,
"SPECIES_ID": 187,
"CLO": 187,
"SPEC_NAME": "Wilson's Storm-Petrel",
"LATINNAME": "Oceanites oceanicus",
"FAMILY_ID": "HYDR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands and along coastal areas; found in pelagic waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds on islands and coastal areas off southern South America, the Antarctic Peninsula, and some subantarctic islands (A.O.U. 1998). Ranges widely at sea throughout the middle Pacific Ocean, to Australia and New Zealand, the North Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Small size, white rump patch, unnotched tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation and fledging collectively may take as long as 4 months.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 39,
"SPECIES_ID": 190,
"CLO": 190,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-faced Storm-Petrel",
"LATINNAME": "Pelagodroma marina",
"FAMILY_ID": "HYDR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds on islands in the South Atlantic Ocean and on islands off the coasts of Australia, New Zealand, and Africa. Ranges at sea in nearby waters, extending to the tropical Pacific Ocean and into the Indian Ocean. Considered to be a casual visitor to the east coast of North America, from Massachusetts south to North Carolina (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Back and upper wings brownish-gray, white underparts, white face with black mask through eye.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, white, with circle of dark dots around the larger end.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 55 days; young are able to fly after about 52-67 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 40,
"SPECIES_ID": 194,
"CLO": 194,
"SPEC_NAME": "European Storm-Petrel",
"LATINNAME": "Hydrobates pelagicus",
"FAMILY_ID": "HYDR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "This is the smallest of the Atlantic storm-petrels.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds on islands in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea. Ranges at sea in nearby waters; also in the Black Sea and the Indian Ocean. Considered to be accidental in Nova Scotia (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark overall, with white rump patch and distinctive white underwing stripe; upper surface of wing has a less obvious white diagonal bar.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation and fledging collectively may take as long as 3 months.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 41,
"SPECIES_ID": 195,
"CLO": 195,
"SPEC_NAME": "Least Storm-Petrel",
"LATINNAME": "Oceanodroma microsoma",
"FAMILY_ID": "HYDR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "This is the smallest of the Pacific Ocean storm-petrels.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on small islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds on small islands near Baja California; ranges at sea in nearby coastal waters, ranging from California to northern South America.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Small size, dark underwing coverts; wedge-shaped tail. Compare with Ashy Storm-Petrel.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 42,
"SPECIES_ID": 196,
"CLO": 196,
"SPEC_NAME": "Wedge-rumped Storm-Petrel",
"LATINNAME": "Oceanodroma tethys",
"FAMILY_ID": "HYDR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "This species has the largest white rump patch of any of the storm-petrels.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in the Pacific Ocean on the Galapagos Islands and on islands off the coast of Peru; ranges at sea in coastal waters north to southern Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Large, triangular, white rump patch is diagnostic.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 43,
"SPECIES_ID": 197,
"CLO": 197,
"SPEC_NAME": "Band-rumped Storm-Petrel",
"LATINNAME": "Oceanodroma castro",
"FAMILY_ID": "HYDR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Widely distributed in the tropical regions of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, breeding on the Galapagos Islands and islands in the Atlantic Ocean and off the coast of Japan; ranges at sea in nearby waters. It is an uncommon visitor to the Atlantic coast, from Massachusetts south to Florida; considered to be casual or accidental elsewhere in North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Wilson's Storm-Petrel, which has more extensive white on undertail coverts and a squarish or slightly rounded tail. The Band-rumped Storm-Petrel's tail may sometimes appear slightly forked.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation and fledging collectively may take as long as 4 months.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 44,
"SPECIES_ID": 198,
"CLO": 198,
"SPEC_NAME": "Leach's Storm-Petrel",
"LATINNAME": "Oceanodroma leucorhoa",
"FAMILY_ID": "HYDR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds on islands in the North Atlantic (including islands from southern Labrador south to Massachusetts) and North Pacific (including islands from the Aleutians south to Baja California) Oceans; ranges throughout both oceans south to tropical waters and southern Africa (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note the forked tail and, at close range, gray line down the center of the white rump; compare with Wilson's Storm-Petrel.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 41-42 days; young are able to fly after about 63-70 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 45,
"SPECIES_ID": 204,
"CLO": 204,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black Storm-Petrel",
"LATINNAME": "Oceanodroma melania",
"FAMILY_ID": "HYDR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Tropical coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean, from California south to northern South America; breeds on islands off southern California and Baja California.\r\n\r\nField Marks: All dark in color with noticeable pale wing bar on upper wing; note large size and long, forked tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation and fledging collectively may take as long as 4 months.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 46,
"SPECIES_ID": 205,
"CLO": 205,
"SPEC_NAME": "Ashy Storm-Petrel",
"LATINNAME": "Oceanodroma homochroa",
"FAMILY_ID": "HYDR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean, ranging from California south to Baja California; breeding sites include the Farallon Islands and some of the Channel Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Black Storm-Petrel; note the smaller size, proportionately shorter wings, and paler underwing coverts. \r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 47,
"SPECIES_ID": 207,
"CLO": 207,
"SPEC_NAME": "Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel",
"LATINNAME": "Oceanodroma furcata",
"FAMILY_ID": "HYDR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Coastal waters of the northern Pacific Ocean, ranging from Japan north to the Aleutian Islands and the Bering Sea, and south to California.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Primarily pale gray in color, with dark wing linings; note also dark eye mask which extends to ear coverts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, white with dark spots on large end.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 48,
"SPECIES_ID": 212,
"CLO": 212,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-billed Tropicbird",
"LATINNAME": "Phaethon aethereus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Primarily found in tropical waters where it breeds in the eastern Pacific Ocean, the Caribbean region, in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, and in the northern Indian Ocean.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Long tail, bright red bill, black primaries, and black-and-white barring on back and wings; in immature plumages, note the black collar and the dark tip to the tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in cliff-side holes or cavities.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, off-white or reddish-brown in color; with spots.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation, by both sexes, lasts about 45 days; young leave the nest after 3-4 months.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 49,
"SPECIES_ID": 213,
"CLO": 213,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-tailed Tropicbird",
"LATINNAME": "Phaethon rubricauda",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Primarily found in tropical waters, where it breeds on islands in the Australian region east to the Hawaiian Islands; and on islands in the Indian Ocean. Ranges at sea from Japan east to the California coast and south to the coast of Chile (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Mostly white in color, but note the red tail streamers in adult. Wings white with black streaks in primaries. Compare immature with immature Red-billed Tropicbird.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, usually on the ledge of a cliff.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, yellowish or reddish in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation lasts about 45 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 50,
"SPECIES_ID": 214,
"CLO": 214,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-tailed Tropicbird",
"LATINNAME": "Phaethon lepturus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Primarily found in tropical waters, where it breeds on islands in the middle and western Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, and the Indian Ocean. Birds range further at sea to locations such as: the eastern coast of North America, Japan, New Zealand, and South Africa in the Indian Ocean (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Long white tail with black streak; yellow or orange bill; white wings with black primaries and large, diagonal black bar across tertials and secondary coverts of upperwing. Compare immature with immature Red-billed Tropicbird.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on bare rock or soil; usually on cliffs, occasionally in trees (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, pink.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation lasts up to about 41 days; young are capable of flight about 62 days after hatching.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 51,
"SPECIES_ID": 215,
"CLO": 215,
"SPEC_NAME": "Magnificent Frigatebird",
"LATINNAME": "Fregata magnificens",
"FAMILY_ID": "FREG",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in coastal tropical waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Coastal tropical waters of North and South America and western Africa. Ranges inland, usually after severe storms.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Long, deeply forked tail, dark coloration (white belly in female), and reddish-orange inflatable throat pouch of male are distinctive traits of this species.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies; nest consists of a shallow collection of woody twigs or grasses that are placed in a tree, shrub, or on the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, although in rare instances 2 may be laid; 68 mm; white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation lasts about 50 days, and young are able to fly about 150-200 days later.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 52,
"SPECIES_ID": 217,
"CLO": 217,
"SPEC_NAME": "Great Frigatebird",
"LATINNAME": "Fregata minor",
"FAMILY_ID": "FREG",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Primarily found in tropical waters, where it breeds on the Hawaiian Islands, on islands off Costa Rica, and on islands in the South China Sea to northeastern Australia (Pacific Ocean); also breeds in the Atlantic Ocean off Brazil and in the Indian Ocean (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In adult male, reddish brown legs and noticeable whitish-brown bar across wing coverts may distinguish this species from Magnificent Frigatebird, but in many cases adult males of both species may be impossible in the field (Harrison 1985). Adult females have white or gray chin and throat and axillaries are completely dark. Beware the many plumage variations, depending on the age and sex of the individual.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 53,
"SPECIES_ID": 218,
"CLO": 218,
"SPEC_NAME": "Lesser Frigatebird",
"LATINNAME": "Fregata ariel",
"FAMILY_ID": "FREG",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Primarily found in tropical waters, where it breeds on islands in the middle and western Pacific Ocean, on islands off the coast of Brazil in the Atlantic Ocean, and in the western Indian Ocean. Considered to be accidental in Maine (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Adult male all black except for white flank patch and white stripe on axillaries. White on axillaries also present in adult female, which also has a black chin and throat (separates it from Great Frigatebird). Beware the many plumage variations, depending on the age and sex of the individual.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 54,
"SPECIES_ID": 220,
"CLO": 220,
"SPEC_NAME": "Northern Gannet",
"LATINNAME": "Morus bassanus",
"FAMILY_ID": "SULI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters, usually over continental shelf (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from eastern North America (e.g., islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, off Quebec, and in Labrador and Newfoundland) to Europe (e.g., islands around Iceland, the British Isles, northern France, and Norway. Ranges at sea to nearby areas in the northern Atlantic Ocean, extending south to Florida and west (along the Gulf coast) to Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Adult plumage is all white with golden cast to head and nape and black wing tips. Immature plumage varies over a four-year period; compare especially with the smaller Brown Booby.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies; nests on the ground; nest consists of a stack of seaweed and grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1; 78 mm.; light bluish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts 42-44 days and young fledge when they are about 84-97 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 55,
"SPECIES_ID": 224,
"CLO": 224,
"SPEC_NAME": "Blue-footed Booby",
"LATINNAME": "Sula nebouxii",
"FAMILY_ID": "SULI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in coastal waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from the eastern Pacific coastal waters of the Gulf of California south to Northern South America near Peru. Some individuals may casually range as far north along the Pacific coast as San Francisco; considered to be accidental elsewhere in North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Bright blue feet and white patch on lower nape/upper back are distinctive field marks. Head is pale brown in color, with white streaks. Compare immature plumages with immature Brown and Masked Boobies.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, in loose colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-3; pale blue-green in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation, by both sexes, usually lasts about 41 days; young are capable of flight when about 102 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 56,
"SPECIES_ID": 226,
"CLO": 226,
"SPEC_NAME": "Masked Booby",
"LATINNAME": "Sula dactylatra",
"FAMILY_ID": "SULI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Primarily found in tropical waters of the Pacific, Indian, and western Atlantic Oceans.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note all white head and black on tail and secondary feathers (compare with Northern Gannet). Compare immature plumages with immature Brown and Blue-footed Boobies.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground (sometimes in trees), in loose colonies.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1, sometimes 2; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation, by both sexes, usually lasts about 43 days; young are capable of flight when about 115 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 57,
"SPECIES_ID": 227,
"CLO": 227,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-footed Booby",
"LATINNAME": "Sula sula",
"FAMILY_ID": "SULI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Primarily found in tropical waters of the Pacific, Indian, and western Atlantic Oceans.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Two color phases: the dark phase is all brown with a white tail, while the light phase is white with black primary and secondary feathers (compare with Northern Gannet). Both color phases have bright red feet.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests in trees, where it builds a loose platform of sticks to serve as a nest.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1; light blue-green in color with a chalky coating.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation lasts about 42-46 days; young first fly when they are about 91-112 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 58,
"SPECIES_ID": 228,
"CLO": 228,
"SPEC_NAME": "Brown Booby",
"LATINNAME": "Sula leucogaster",
"FAMILY_ID": "SULI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on islands; found in pelagic waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Primarily found in the tropical waters of the middle and western Pacific Ocean, along the eastern Pacific coast from the Gulf of California south to northern South America, the Caribbean Sea, and the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. \r\n\r\nField Marks: Yellowish feet; dark brown body color with white belly, flanks, and wing linings; but note the brewsteri subspecies in the eastern Pacific, which has a pale-gray-whitish head color.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies; nests on the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; pale blue or green in color with a chalky coating.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation, by both sexes, usually lasts about 40-43 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 105 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 59,
"SPECIES_ID": 235,
"CLO": 235,
"SPEC_NAME": "Brandt's Cormorant",
"LATINNAME": "Phalacrocorax penicillatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Compare with Pelagic Cormorant, which is smaller and more slender than the Brandt's Cormorant.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Coastal waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeast Alaska to the Gulf of California. Ranges at sea to nearby coastal waters.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Large size, overall dark coloration; note brown-buffy feathers at base of throat pouch. In breeding plumage, thin white plumes appear on head and neck and throat pouch becomes blue.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies; nests on the ground, usually in rocky areas.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4; 62 mm.; pale blue or white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 60,
"SPECIES_ID": 239,
"CLO": 239,
"SPEC_NAME": "Neotropic Cormorant",
"LATINNAME": "Phalacrocorax brasilianus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Formerly known as Olivaceous Cormorant. Note the smaller size, more slim-bodied appearance, smaller throat pouch, and longer tail when compared with the Double-crested Cormorant.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in freshwater rivers, lakes, and ponds; also along coastal waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: A resident of South and Central America; range extends through Mexico into the United States where it can be found in southwestern New Mexico, Texas, and southwestern Louisiana (A.O.U. 1998); vagrants have been found in several of the other lower 48 states.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Small size; brown or dull yellow throat pouch is bordered by a pale white mask that becomes pure white in the breeding season.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, where it builds its nest of sticks and grasses in trees, shrubs, or on the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 4; 54 mm.; bluish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation period not known; both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 61,
"SPECIES_ID": 240,
"CLO": 240,
"SPEC_NAME": "Double-crested Cormorant",
"LATINNAME": "Phalacrocorax auritus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "6.8 ****",
"SECRETS": "The only North American cormorant to be expected at inland locations. In breeding plumage, tufts on side of head appear just behind eye. In flight, kink in neck separates it from Brandt's Cormorant.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Freshwater lakes, rivers, and swamps; also along seacoasts.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes the Bering Sea, the Aleutian Islands, and southern Alaska; it also extends from southern British Columbia and northern Alberta east across northwestern and central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, southern James Bay, and the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence to Newfoundland; and south (often in isolated colonies) to Baja California, south-central Arizona (and south into Mexico), southern New Mexico, west-central and southern Texas, the Gulf coast, and Florida. Generally winters from Mexico, Baja California, Texas, the Gulf states, and Florida north, along the Pacific coast, to east-central Washington; further east, winter range extends north to Oklahoma, the southern Great Lakes region, Lake Ontario, and New England (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Large, orange throat pouch is diagnostic.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, where it builds its nest of twigs and grasses or weeds on a rocky surface or in a tree.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-9, usually 3-4; 61 mm.; pale blue or bluish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 25-29 days; young fledge when they are about 35-42 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 62,
"SPECIES_ID": 244,
"CLO": 244,
"SPEC_NAME": "Great Cormorant",
"LATINNAME": "Phalacrocorax carbo",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Coastal waters; in the Old World, also on inland rivers and lakes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Discontinuous breeding distribution extends from northwest Europe through Asia and Africa to Australia and New Zealand. In North America, it is found from the Gulf of St. Lawrence in Quebec and southwestern Newfoundland south to Nova Scotia and Maine; in the winter, may occur as far south as South Carolina, occasionally further (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Large size; small, yellow throat pouch is bordered at base by broad strip of white feathers. In breeding plumage, a white flank patch also appears.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, where it builds its nest of sticks and grasses on the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-6, usually 4-5; 65 mm.; blue-green in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 29-31 days; young are capable of flight when 50 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 63,
"SPECIES_ID": 260,
"CLO": 260,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-faced Cormorant",
"LATINNAME": "Phalacrocorax urile",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Coastal waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from islands off Japan north to the Aleutian Islands and the southern Bering Sea eastward to southeast Alaska.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Body plumage mostly black with a purplish or greenish gloss; in breeding plumage, white plumes appear on side of neck and a white flank patch also appears. Compare with Pelagic Cormorant: note the Red-faced's larger head, brighter red facial skin (which extends across the forehead), and bluish base to the bill (visible only at close range).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, where it builds its nest of grasses and seaweeds on ledges of steep cliffs.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4; 60 mm.; bluish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation and fledging periods are not verified, but are thought to last about 21 and 60 days, respectively.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 64,
"SPECIES_ID": 262,
"CLO": 262,
"SPEC_NAME": "Pelagic Cormorant",
"LATINNAME": "Phalacrocorax pelagicus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "3.7",
"SECRETS": "Compare with Brandt's Cormorant, which is larger and not as slender as the Pelagic Cormorant.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Coastal waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from islands off Japan north to the Aleutian Islands and the Bering Sea; and from there southeastward along the west coast of North America to Baja California.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Body plumage mostly black with a greenish gloss. In breeding plumage, white plumes appear on side of neck and a white flank patch also appears. Compare with Red-faced Cormorant: note the Pelagic's smaller head size, less extensive red facial skin, and lack of bluish base to the bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, where it builds its nest of sticks, seaweeds, and grasses on rocky cliffs.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, occasionally as many as 7; 60 mm.; bluish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs; incubation lasts approximately 22-31 days. Young fledge about three months after hatching.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 65,
"SPECIES_ID": 267,
"CLO": 267,
"SPEC_NAME": "Anhinga",
"LATINNAME": "Anhinga anhinga",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANHI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.0",
"SECRETS": "Bill is pointed, not hooked as in cormorants. In flight, when soaring, the Anhinga resembles a giant cross.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Lakes, slow-moving streams, and swamps; in fresh water.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from South America, Central America, Mexico, central and eastern Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida north to southeastern Oklahoma, southern and eastern Arkansas, western Tennessee, north-central Mississippi, southern Alabama, southern Georgia, and coastal North Carolina. During the winter, Anhingas are found from central South Carolina, southern Georgia, Florida, and the Gulf coast south throughout the remainder of the breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Overall dark body plumage with greenish gloss and white spots or streaks on the wings and upper back.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in small groups, usually in association with other herons and egrets. Nest of sticks or dead leaves is typically placed in a small tree.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-5, usually 4; 53 mm.; pale blue-green or blue-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young; incubation lasts approximately 26-29 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 66,
"SPECIES_ID": 276,
"CLO": 276,
"SPEC_NAME": "American White Pelican",
"LATINNAME": "Pelecanus erythrorhynchos",
"FAMILY_ID": "PELC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.7 ***",
"SECRETS": "Conspicuous plate visible on upper ridge of bill is only present in the breeding season. In flight, pelicans in a flock play 'follow the leader': when the lead bird flaps, the others flap; when the lead bird glides, the others glide.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Primarily found in shallow lakes, rivers, or marshes, usually in freshwater habitats; winter habitat includes brackish marshes and estuaries or bays.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds locally in the western United States and western Canada, from British Columbia east to west-central Ontario south to California, Nevada, Colorado, Texas, and Minnesota. Winters in Florida, along the Gulf Coast, into Mexico and Central America, and along the Pacific Coast from California south to Baja California and Arizona (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Large, long orange bill with pouch is diagnostic. In flight, note black primaries and outer secondaries (compare with Snow Goose and Whooping Crane). Immatures told by grayish-colored head and neck.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, where its nest (a simple scrape or depression in the ground) is placed on islands in freshwater lakes or occasionally in brackish waters.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-6, usually 2; 90 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young; incubation lasts approximately 29-36 days and young are capable of flight when they are about 60 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 67,
"SPECIES_ID": 277,
"CLO": 277,
"SPEC_NAME": "Brown Pelican",
"LATINNAME": "Pelecanus occidentalis",
"FAMILY_ID": "PELC",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "7.6 ****",
"SECRETS": "Unlike the American White Pelican, which feeds on the surface of shallow lakes, the Brown Pelican dives (from the air) after its prey; fish are captured in its pouch at the time of the dive.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Coastal waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Coastal resident in the east from Maryland south to Florida and the Gulf Coast; and in the west from the Gulf of California north to Central California. Also breeds in coastal waters of the Bahamas, Central America, and South America. May be found north of this range to British Columbia in the west and New York or the New England states in the east (A.O.U. 1998). Vagrants have appeared at inland locations.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Large, long bill with pouch is characteristic of pelicans. Overall, Brown Pelicans are dark gray in color, with a black belly. The head and neck are white (usually tinged with yellow). In breeding plumage, the rear of the neck becomes a dark chestnut color and a yellow patch appears at the base of the foreneck.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, where its simple nest of grasses or sticks is placed in trees; also may nest on the ground, in which case the nest is a simple scrape lined with feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3; 76 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young; incubation lasts approximately 28-30 days and young are capable of flight when they are about 71-88 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 68,
"SPECIES_ID": 285,
"CLO": 285,
"SPEC_NAME": "Fulvous Whistling-Duck",
"LATINNAME": "Dendrocygna bicolor",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "6.0",
"SECRETS": "In flight, the feet of whistling-ducks extend beyond the tail.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Shallow marshes, lagoons, or flooded fields, in both freshwater and brackish habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from South America, Central America, and Mexico north to southeastern California, central and eastern Texas, southwestern Louisiana, and more locally in central and southern Florida. Northernmost individuals withdraw to the Gulf coast and Florida locales during the winter (A.O.U. 1998). Vagrants have appeared at many locations further north.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Long neck. Orange-brown body color; back is darker with orange-brown feather edges. Note the white rump (compare with Black-bellied Whistling-Duck).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest, of grasses and/or sedges, is usually placed in dense thicket of vegetation (e.g., cattails) at the edge of a marsh or pond.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-16, usually 12-13, sometimes more; 53 mm.; buff-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young; incubation lasts approximately 24-26 days and young are capable of flight when they are about 55-63 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 69,
"SPECIES_ID": 290,
"CLO": 290,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-bellied Whistling-Duck",
"LATINNAME": "Dendrocygna autumnalis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "7.2 ***",
"SECRETS": "In flight, the feet of whistling-ducks extend beyond the tail.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Marshes and shallow lakes, in freshwater habitats.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident in Mexico, Central America, and South America; breeding range extends north to south-central Arizona and the southern tip of Texas; also resident in southwestern Louisiana; some withdrawal of birds in Arizona and Louisiana occurs during the winter (A.O.U. 1998). Vagrants have appeared in many locations north of this range.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Long neck; red bill; orange-brown breast contrasts sharply with black belly and black wings with white wing stripe; side of face is gray.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in cavities or on the ground among weeds or grasses near water's edge.\r\n\r\nEggs: 9-18, usually 12-14; 52 mm.; white or creamy white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young; incubation lasts approximately 25-30 days and young are capable of flight when they are about 53-63 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 70,
"SPECIES_ID": 292,
"CLO": 292,
"SPEC_NAME": "Masked Duck",
"LATINNAME": "Nomonyx dominicus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshes that have dense emergent vegetation, in freshwater habitats.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Formerly resident along the Gulf Coast of Texas; resident along both slopes of Middle America south into South America. Vagrants have wandered north to such locations as central Texas, Louisiana, and Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: White wing patches. In breeding plumage, black on crown and side of face easily separates this species from the male Ruddy Duck. Female (and winter-plumaged male) has two dark stripes on side of face, whereas the female Ruddy Duck only has one (winter-plumaged Ruddy Duck has none).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is an intricate, cup-like structure built of grasses which is placed on the ground in dense cover.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-10; 63 mm.; buffy white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Females incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 28 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 71,
"SPECIES_ID": 293,
"CLO": 293,
"SPEC_NAME": "Ruddy Duck",
"LATINNAME": "Oxyura jamaicensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.3",
"SECRETS": "In winter, Ruddy Ducks may sometimes be confused with Horned Grebes at a distance, as both species have a white cheek. Note the stockier, more thick-necked appearance of the Ruddy Duck.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshes and lakes with dense emergent vegetation intermixed with open water, usually in freshwater habitats. Frequents more open bodies of water, estuaries, and bays in the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds at widely distributed locations in western North America from western and southern Texas north to central Manitoba and central Saskatchewan; and west to southern California north to British Columbia and the southwestern portion of Mackenzie; breeds more locally in the eastern U.S. and southeastern Canada. Generally winters from Central America, Mexico, and the southern U.S. north to southern British Columbia, Idaho, Colorado, Kansas, the Great Lakes, and along the Atlantic coast to Massachusetts (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Adult male in breeding plumage is easily told by its rich chestnut body color and bright blue bill; in winter, note the all white cheek. Female has a white cheek with one horizontal dark line under the eye.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests over water, where it builds a basket-shaped nest made from the nearby plants; nest is attached to emergent vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-10, sometimes as many as 17; 62 mm.; creamy white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Females incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 23-26 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 42-48 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 72,
"SPECIES_ID": 301,
"CLO": 301,
"SPEC_NAME": "Mute Swan",
"LATINNAME": "Cygnus olor",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "14.7 ***",
"SECRETS": "Introduced into U.S. from Old World. Although it occurs in many states, its status on some lists is hotly debated. Until self-sustaining populations are documented, some states do not officially recognize this swan on its state bird list.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Open lakes, ponds, and marshes, in freshwater habitats. In winter, may also be found in brackish habitats.\r\n\r\nDistribution: An Old World species, introduced into the U.S., where breeding has been documented in southwestern British Columbia, southern Saskatchewan, Montana, the Great Lakes region, New York, New England, and additional locations south of this range (A.O.U. 1998). Some records may be the result of birds that have escaped from captivity.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black knob on orange bill and the S-shaped neck are good field marks for adult birds. On the water, wings are often carried higher than in other North American swans. Dusky gray juvenile plumage begins to turn white by mid-winter.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds on the ground near water, where it builds its nest from cattails, reeds, and other aquatic vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-8, sometimes as many as 10; 113 mm.; gray or blue-green in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 36 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 115-155 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 73,
"SPECIES_ID": 304,
"CLO": 304,
"SPEC_NAME": "Whooper Swan",
"LATINNAME": "Cygnus cygnus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in lakes, ponds, and marshes, in freshwater habitats. In winter, may also be found in brackish waters.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Eurasian species, regularly found in winter in the Aleutian Islands; considered to be a casual visitor to mainland Alaska, and accidental in Maine; vagrants have reportedly occurred further south in Oregon and California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Trumpeter Swan, but with large yellow patch on bill that extends to or beyond nostrils. Compare also with Bewick's form of Tundra Swan, where yellow on bill is more restricted.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: This species nests along the seacoasts, lakes, rivers, and tundra of Iceland and northern Europe and Asia. Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 74,
"SPECIES_ID": 305,
"CLO": 305,
"SPEC_NAME": "Trumpeter Swan",
"LATINNAME": "Cygnus buccinator",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in freshwater lakes, marshes, and rivers with slow-moving waters with emergent vegetation; occasionally in brackish waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska south to northern British Columbia, southwestern Mackenzie, northwestern Alberta, western and central Montana, and southern Saskatchewan (local breeder within this range); formerly bred as far south as the mid-Western United States. Wintering range extends from southern Alaska south to California; also in Arizona, New Mexico, and east to Colorado and Minnesota (A.O.U. 1998). The Trumpeter Swan has been introduced and established in many additional locations.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black bill with no yellow spot (as in Tundra Swan). Black at base of bill extends to encompass the eye (compare closely with Tundra Swan).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest built of aquatic vegetation, is often placed on muskrat houses or beaver lodges; also may be placed along shoreline.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-13, usually 4-6; 111 mm.; creamy-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Females incubate the eggs; both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 33-37 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 91-119 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 75,
"SPECIES_ID": 306,
"CLO": 306,
"SPEC_NAME": "Tundra Swan",
"LATINNAME": "Cygnus columbianus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "You can sometimes point a flashlight up into the night sky and see Tundra Swans when they are flying at a low-enough altitude.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tundra habitats; also on open lakes and ponds or in shallowly flooded agricultural fields.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in the Arctic tundra from western Alaska east to Baffin Island; and from there south to Churchill and the Hudson Bay area of Quebec. Winters along the Pacific Coast inland to Nevada, Utah, Montana, and Wyoming, and south to southern Texas, New Mexico, and extreme northern Mexico; also in the Great Lakes region, and along the Atlantic Coast from Maryland to North Carolina (A.O.U. 1998). Migrants and small numbers of wintering birds may be found at many inland locations in the mid-West.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black on bill does not extend to encompass eye; many adults have yellow spot on bill in front of eye. Immatures are dusky gray.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Builds a nest of dried grasses or sedges on the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-7. Usually 4-5; 107 mm.; creamy-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Females incubate the eggs; both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 35-40 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 60-70 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 76,
"SPECIES_ID": 309,
"CLO": 309,
"SPEC_NAME": "Pink-footed Goose",
"LATINNAME": "Anser brachyrhynchus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in or near rivers, lakes, and wet grasslands.\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species breeds in Greenland and Iceland, and winters in Europe. Considered accidental in Newfoundland and Quebec. Other sight records along the east coast of the U.S. are doubtful (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Pink legs; bill is dark at base (compare with Greater White-fronted Goose).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in grassy mounds of vegetation, usually in tundra or marshes, but also along rivers or on rocky slopes.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-8; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation (by female) lasts about 25-28 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 49-56 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 77,
"SPECIES_ID": 310,
"CLO": 310,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bean Goose",
"LATINNAME": "Anser fabalis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tundra, open heath, and grassland habitats; in winter, also found in brackish waters and freshwater lakes and ponds (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: A Eurasian species which regularly visits the western Aleutian Islands during the spring migration (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Greater White-fronted Goose, but note lack of white around base of bill; in addition, note the black-colored bill which has a yellowish-orange band across the middle. Also lacks black barring seen on the underside of White-fronted Goose.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies; nests in grassy mounds of vegetation, usually in tundra or marshes, but also along rivers or on rocky slopes.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-5, but sometimes as many as 8; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation (by female) lasts about 27-29 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 49-56 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 78,
"SPECIES_ID": 311,
"CLO": 311,
"SPEC_NAME": "Greater White-fronted Goose",
"LATINNAME": "Anser albifrons",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "In mixed species goose flocks flying overhead, white-fronts can easily be told from Canada and Snow Geese by the black speckling on the bellies of adults and their distinctive 3-syllable call.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Open areas, arctic tundra, usually near water; in winter and migration, also frequents pastures and flooded agricultural fields.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska eastward across northern Yukon, Mackenzie, and Keewatin to western Greenland. Winter range in the west extends from southern British Columbia south to Baja California; in the mid-west, from Texas and Louisiana north to Oklahoma and Kansas; and in the eastern U.S. from the Great Lakes region south to Mississippi and Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Key field marks include the black speckling on the belly, the pink bill bordered with white at the base, and the orange legs and feet.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in loose colonies on open tundra.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-7, usually 5-6; 79 mm.; buffy-white or cream-colored.\r\n\r\nIncubation: The female incubates the eggs; both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 23-25 days and the young are capable of flight when they are about 45 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 79,
"SPECIES_ID": 312,
"CLO": 312,
"SPEC_NAME": "Lesser White-fronted Goose",
"LATINNAME": "Anser erythropus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshes, lakes, or smaller bodies of water; also in taiga habitats of northern Eurasia, where it breeds.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Eurasian species, considered to be accidental in Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Told from Greater White-fronted Goose by the white at the base of the bill which extends onto the crown, smaller size of the bill, and a yellow eye ring.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 80,
"SPECIES_ID": 315,
"CLO": 315,
"SPEC_NAME": "Snow Goose",
"LATINNAME": "Anser caerulescens",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Occasionally, some Snow Geese will be found in the summer time far south of their breeding range. Non-breeding individuals have been found in several mid-Western states and in California.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Tundra and other open areas, usually near bodies of fresh water or salt-water marshes. Often forages in pasturelands, cultivated fields, and flooded farmlands.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northern Alaska east along the Arctic coast and islands to northwestern Greenland and Baffin Island, and south to Hudson Bay. Winters in the west from coastal British Columbia south to California, Baja California, southwestern Arizona, and Mexico; in the mid-West from Nebraska, Iowa and the Great Lakes south to the Gulf Coast; and in the east along the Atlantic coast from New York south to Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black primary feathers. Two color phases: a blue phase and a white phase. In adult birds, note the thick, black 'grinning patch' that separates the upper and lower mandibles; compare with Ross' Goose. Adults have pink bills whereas the bills of immatures are darker.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds on the ground, in colonies; nest is a depression lined with mosses, grasses, and down feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-8, usually 3-5; 80 mm.; white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation lasts approximately 23-25 days, by female. Young are able to fly when they are approximately 45-49 days old; both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 81,
"SPECIES_ID": 316,
"CLO": 316,
"SPEC_NAME": "Ross' Goose",
"LATINNAME": "Anser rossii",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "In the mid-West, Ross' Geese can best be found in wintering flocks of Snow Geese by scanning Snow Goose flocks and carefully looking for geese with a smaller bill that lacks a grinning patch.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Tundra and other open areas, usually near bodies of fresh water or brackish marshes. Often forages in pasturelands, cultivated fields, and flooded farmlands.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in northern Mackenzie and northwestern Keewatin, east to Southampton Island and the west coast of Hudson Bay south to James Bay. Wintering range primarily consists of the interior valleys of California; can also be found in southern New Mexico, northern Mexico, Colorado and Oklahoma east to Missouri and southwestern Louisiana. In migration, may also be found in other mid-Western states (e.g., Iowa and Illinois), Kentucky, and Tennessee (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to the Snow Goose, but noticeably smaller in size, with a shorter neck, and a smaller, stubbier bill that lacks a 'grinning patch'. In adults, base of bill is often covered with bluish warty protuberances. Immatures are similar to immature Snow Geese, but are usually paler in color (and, of course, smaller in size).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds on the ground, in colonies. Nest consists of a depression or scrape that is lined with grasses, mosses, lichens, and twigs or roots.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-6, usually 3-5; 74 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation lasts approximately 21-24 days, by female. Young are able to fly when they are approximately 40-45 days old; both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 82,
"SPECIES_ID": 317,
"CLO": 317,
"SPEC_NAME": "Emperor Goose",
"LATINNAME": "Anser canagica",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in the Arctic tundra, usually near water, and generally not too far from the coast; in winter, frequents salt-water habitats along the Pacific coast.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from western Alaska to northeastern Siberia. Wintering range includes the Aleutian Islands and the Pacific coast from southeastern Alaska south to California.\r\n\r\nField Marks: White on head and back of neck contrasts with black throat and chin. Silver-gray body plumage is punctuated with by black-and-white edging to feathers.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Usually breeds near the coast, where its nest consists of a depression lined with grasses and feathers. May also nest on islands.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-12, usually 4-7; 80 mm.; creamy-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation lasts approximately 23-27 days, by female. Young are able to fly when they are approximately 50-60 days old; both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 83,
"SPECIES_ID": 319,
"CLO": 319,
"SPEC_NAME": "Canada Goose",
"LATINNAME": "Branta canadensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "Threatened in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "12.6 ****",
"SECRETS": "Many subspecies of Canada Goose are recognized in the literature, ranging in size from the diminutive Cackling and Richardson's Canada Goose to the Giant Canada Goose.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a variety of habitats, ranging from tundra to pasturelands, and flooded agricultural fields to wooded swamps; almost always near water.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from the Arctic coast of Alaska east to northern Canada and western Greenland; and south to an approximate line extending from central California east to Tennessee, Kentucky, New York, and Virginia. Widespread in winter, at which time it can be found in southern Alaska, southern Canada, and throughout many of the lower 48 states; and even into northern Mexico. In the U.S., there are many feral populations of Canada Geese, even in areas that are outside the normal breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black neck, gray body plumage, and white chin patch that extends up onto side of face.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds on the ground, usually near water. Nest consists of a depression lined with grasses, mosses, and small sticks. Also readily accepts artificial nest platforms.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-12, usually 4-7; 74-90 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation lasts approximately 25-30 days, by female. Young are able to fly when they are approximately 40-73 days old; both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 84,
"SPECIES_ID": 320,
"CLO": 320,
"SPEC_NAME": "Barnacle Goose",
"LATINNAME": "Branta leucopsis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Rivers, marshes, and grasslands in Arctic habitats.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes eastern Greenland; winters in northwestern Europe. Considered to be a casual visitor to many locations in North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Upper breast and neck uniformly black, contrasting with white head. Note black line that extends from the bill to the eye.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in loose colonies. Nests on the ground, usually in rocky areas. Nest consists of a scrape lined with feathers and down.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-9, usually 4-6; grayish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation lasts approximately 24-25 days, by female. Young are able to fly when they are approximately 42-49 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 85,
"SPECIES_ID": 321,
"CLO": 321,
"SPEC_NAME": "Brant",
"LATINNAME": "Branta bernicla",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The 'Black' Brant of the Pacific and the pale-belied Brant of the Atlantic were once considered two different species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in Arctic tundra; in winter, usually frequents coastal bays, marshes, and estuaries (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends form Southampton Island in Hudson Bay north to Greenland and west along the Arctic coast and islands of northern Canada to Western Alaska. Winters on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the United States, south to Baja California, Mexico, and Florida; also along the coastline of British Columbia and southeastern Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Small size; black on head, neck, and upper breast. Note small, white patch on side of neck. Depending on subspecies, belly color may be pale gray or mostly black in color.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in loose colonies; nest is placed on the ground and is a depression lined with down feathers, grasses, leaves, and other materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-8, usually 3-5; 73 mm.; dull white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation lasts approximately 22-26 days, by female. Young are able to fly when they are approximately 40-50 days old; both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 86,
"SPECIES_ID": 344,
"CLO": 344,
"SPEC_NAME": "Muscovy Duck",
"LATINNAME": "Cairina moschata",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in fresh-water lakes, ponds, rivers, and marshes.\r\n\r\nDistribution: A resident of Mexico, Central America, and South America; rare visitor to Texas, where it has bred at least once (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Variable plumage; color may vary from all white to nearly all dark with a white wing patch and yellowish eyes.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavity.\r\n\r\nEggs: 8-9; white overall with a greenish tint.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation lasts approximately 35 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 87,
"SPECIES_ID": 352,
"CLO": 352,
"SPEC_NAME": "Wood Duck",
"LATINNAME": "Aix sponsa",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "7.1 ****",
"SECRETS": "Some Wood Duck nests may contain over 20 eggs, which is usually a result of 'dump nesting', an activity defined by more than one female laying eggs in the same nest cavity.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in fresh-water lakes, ponds, marshes, flooded forests, and woodland swamps, usually where there is emergent cover.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern British Columbia east to Nova Scotia; and south to California, New Mexico, Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida; less widespread on the Great Plains, in the Rocky Mountains, and in desert habitats of the southwest. Generally winters throughout much of its breeding range in western North America; further east, winter range extends from eastern Colorado, southern Kansas, southern Minnesota, the Ohio River Valley, and New England south throughout the remainder of the breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Green and white colors of the male's head and crest are unmistakable; teardrop-shaped eye ring of female is diagnostic.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in cavities, but also readily utilizes artificial nest boxes that have been specifically built for it; usually near water.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-15 or more, usually 10-15; 51 mm.; dull white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 28-37 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 56-70 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 88,
"SPECIES_ID": 359,
"CLO": 359,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eurasian Wigeon",
"LATINNAME": "Anas penelope",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Once you have discovered a Eurasian Wigeon, take notice of the location of the observation: you may find that Eurasian Wigeons will frequent the same marsh again and again in subsequent years.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in shallow bodies of water, marshes, and flooded agricultural fields.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in Eurasia; in winter, may be found in North America along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts; more rarely inland. Sightings of individuals in the lower 48 states are increasing in number.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to an American Wigeon, but note the silver-gray sides, and chestnut-colored head and cream-colored forehead of the male. In flight, note the gray axillaries of the female (white in American Wigeon).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 89,
"SPECIES_ID": 360,
"CLO": 360,
"SPEC_NAME": "American Wigeon",
"LATINNAME": "Anas americana",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.0 *",
"SECRETS": "The call of the American Wigeon is easily learned and can be used to identify this species in the early morning or in thick fog long before actual birds are seen.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in shallow lakes, ponds, marshes, estuaries, and flooded agricultural fields.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central Alaska diagonally southeast to Nova Scotia; the southern border of the breeding range extends eastward from northern California across Nevada, northern New Mexico, Colorado, Nebraska, the Great Lakes, and into New York (A.O.U. 1998). Generally winters south of the breeding range, including the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts, Baja California, and Mexico.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Male is easily recognized by its grayish head, white forehead and crown, and green patch that encloses the eye. Both sexes have a large white wing patch on the leading edge of the upper wing. In flight, note the white axillaries in the female (compare with Eurasian Wigeon).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a scrape that is lined with grasses, leaves, and down feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-12, usually 7-10; 54 mm.; white or off-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 23-25 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 37-48 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 90,
"SPECIES_ID": 363,
"CLO": 363,
"SPEC_NAME": "Falcated Duck",
"LATINNAME": "Anas falcata",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in fresh-water lakes, ponds, and rivers.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Asian species, occasionally observed in Alaska and the Aleutian Islands.\r\n\r\nField Marks: This species is named for the male's long, curved tertial feathers which hang over the tail in resting birds. Side of head in male is dominated by a large green patch (compare with Common Teal).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 91,
"SPECIES_ID": 364,
"CLO": 364,
"SPEC_NAME": "Gadwall",
"LATINNAME": "Anas strepera",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "5.8 ****",
"SECRETS": "White wing patch may be hidden on swimming female; best told from female Mallard by the bill color: upper mandible is orange on the sides and dark gray down the middle (female Mallard's bill is splotched orange and black).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in shallow lakes, ponds, marshes, and flooded agricultural fields.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern Alaska, southern Yukon, and northeastern British Columbia east across central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, central Ontario, and southwestern Quebec to New Brunswick; and south to southern California, southern Nevada, northern Arizona, southern New Mexico, south-central Texas, southern Kansas, northern Iowa, and the Great Lakes region; along the Atlantic coast, breeding range extends south to North Carolina. Generally winters form southern Alaska, southern British Columbia, and the northern U.S. south to northern Baja California, Mexico, the Gulf coast, and Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A dabbling duck that is best identified in flight by the large white wing patch on the trailing edge of the upper wing. Gray plumage of the male contrasts sharply with the black tail coverts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a scrape that is lined with plant materials and down feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-15, usually 8-11; 55 mm.; white or off-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 24-27 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 48-56 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 92,
"SPECIES_ID": 365,
"CLO": 365,
"SPEC_NAME": "Baikal Teal",
"LATINNAME": "Anas formosa",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in small bodies of water, usually in forested areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Asian species, occasionally observed in Alaska and along the Pacific coast south to California.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Complex color pattern on head of male is diagnostic; also note the long, reddish-brown scapulars. Female has white spot at base of bill and just below the eye (compare with female Common Teal).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 93,
"SPECIES_ID": 366,
"CLO": 366,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Teal",
"LATINNAME": "Anas crecca",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.9",
"SECRETS": "Three subspecies are known; the form resident on the Aleutian Islands and the Eurasian form lack white vertical bar on side and instead have white horizontal stripe along scapulars.",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "Green-winged Teal",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in shallow lakes, ponds, marshes, estuaries, and flooded agricultural fields.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and northern Yukon east across northwestern and southern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, northeastern Manitoba, northern Ontario, and northern Quebec to Newfoundland; and south to central Oregon, northern Nevada, Colorado, South Dakota, southern Minnesota, and southern Ontario east to Massachusetts and Nova Scotia; may breed irregularly and locally south of this range. Generally winters from southern Alaska, southern British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the northern U.S. south to Baja California, Mexico, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Small size; male's chestnut head and green patch is diagnostic. Most birds seen in North America have a white vertical bar extending downward from the shoulder area (males only).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a scrape that is lined with grasses, weeds, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-15, usually 8-9; 46 mm.; dull white or pale olive-buff in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 21-23 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 34 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 94,
"SPECIES_ID": 375,
"CLO": 375,
"SPEC_NAME": "Mallard",
"LATINNAME": "Anas platyrhynchos",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.0 ****",
"SECRETS": "Many domestic ducks appear similar to the Mallard but can be told by their often odd color patterns, tameness, and 'over-sized' appearance.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in shallow lakes, ponds, marshes, and flooded agricultural fields.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Widespread and often abundant throughout most of North America. Breeds north to southern Quebec, the south edge of Hudson Bay, southern Keewatin, northwestern Mackenzie, and Alaska; breeding range extends south to northern Baja California, Arizona, New Mexico, Mexico, west-central Texas, and from Oklahoma east across the Ohio River Valley to Virginia. Localized breeding occurs south of this range to the Gulf coast and Florida, and also in southwestern Greenland. Winter distribution extends from southern Alaska and southern Canada south to Mexico, the Gulf coast, and Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Green head and yellow bill of male is easily recognized; note the female's orange bill splotched with dark gray or black.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground, usually near water, and is built from dead grasses, cattails, and down feathers. Some nests may be placed on the ground in nearby woody or brushy areas when other suitable nesting habitat is lacking.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-15, usually 7-10; 58 mm.; greenish- or grayish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 26-30 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 42-60 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 95,
"SPECIES_ID": 378,
"CLO": 378,
"SPEC_NAME": "Mottled Duck",
"LATINNAME": "Anas fulvigula",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-6.0 ***",
"SECRETS": "Some authorities consider the Mottled Duck, Mallard, and American Black Duck to all be representatives of the same species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in brackish or fresh-water ponds and marshes; also in flooded agricultural fields.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range is limited primarily to coastal habitats extending from northwestern Florida west along the Gulf coast to Texas, and south to Mexico; winter range generally overlaps breeding range.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Green wing speculum is bordered in black; tail is dark, and bill in both sexes is yellow. Compare closely with female Mallard and American Black Duck; Mottled Duck is paler than the American Black Duck.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground, and is built from grasses, reeds, and other aquatic vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-13, usually 8-11; 56 mm.; greenish- or creamy-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 25-27 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 60-70 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 96,
"SPECIES_ID": 379,
"CLO": 379,
"SPEC_NAME": "American Black Duck",
"LATINNAME": "Anas rubripes",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.3",
"SECRETS": "Because the more abundant Mallard hybridizes with the Black Duck, concern has been expressed over the Black Duck's future due to the infiltration of Mallard genes into the Black Duck's gene pool (this is often termed 'genetic swamping').",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a variety of fresh-water and salt-water habitats, including ponds, lakes, marshes, swamps, and flooded agricultural fields.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northern Manitoba east to northern Quebec and Newfoundland, and south to northern South Dakota, Minnesota, northern Illinois, central Indiana, northern Ohio, West Virginia, and North Carolina. Generally winters in the southern portion of its breeding range, south to northern Louisiana, northern Mississippi, northern Alabama, and northern Georgia (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to female Mallard, but noticeably darker; speculum bordered in black. In flight, note the white wing linings, which contrast with the dark body plumage.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a scrape that is lined with grasses, leaves, and down feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-17, usually 8-10; 59 mm.; creamy-white to greenish-buff in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 26-29 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 58-63 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 97,
"SPECIES_ID": 382,
"CLO": 382,
"SPEC_NAME": "Spot-billed Duck",
"LATINNAME": "Anas poecilorhyncha",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in small streams and ponds (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Asian species, occasionally observed in Alaska.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Two-toned bill (dark at base, yellow at extreme tip), white tertial feathers, dark tail; otherwise, compare with female Mallard.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 98,
"SPECIES_ID": 388,
"CLO": 388,
"SPEC_NAME": "Northern Pintail",
"LATINNAME": "Anas acuta",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-4.8 ****",
"SECRETS": "Although suffering from recent population declines, the Northern Pintail can at times be found in abundant numbers. The long tail of the male aids in identification of flying birds, even at great distances.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a variety of habitats, including tundra, lakes, rivers, ponds, marshes, estuaries, and flooded agricultural fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Widespread breeding range extends from northern Alaska to Nova Scotia; and south to southern California, southern New Mexico, western Oklahoma, northwestern Missouri, northern Illinois, and northern Indiana east to Massachusetts (A.O.U. 1998). Generally winters in the southern portion of its breeding range, south and east to the Gulf and Atlantic coasts; also into Mexico and Baja California.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Slender neck and gray-colored bill separate female from Mallard; long, pointed tail and white on breast extending up onto neck are unmistakable field marks for the male.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a scrape that is lined with grasses, leaves, mosses, and down feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-12, usually 6-9; 55 mm.; olive-green or olive-buff in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 22-25 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 36-57 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 99,
"SPECIES_ID": 391,
"CLO": 391,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-cheeked Pintail",
"LATINNAME": "Anas bahamensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in fresh-water and salt-water lakes, marshes, and ponds; occasionally in agricultural fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: A resident of West Indies and South America; occasionally found in Florida; considered to be accidental elsewhere in North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note the white cheek and throat; bill is blue, with a red spot near its base.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 100,
"SPECIES_ID": 396,
"CLO": 396,
"SPEC_NAME": "Garganey",
"LATINNAME": "Anas querquedula",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in shallow lakes, ponds, and streams, usually in fresh-water habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Eurasian species; found in migration in the western Aleutian Islands; occasionally reported in Iceland; more rarely at other locations in Canada and the United States (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark crown. White eyestripe runs from just in front of the eye to the side of the neck in the male; female has a less conspicuous pale eyestripe, a dark eye line, and a second horizontal line on cheek just below a noticeable white spot at base of bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 101,
"SPECIES_ID": 397,
"CLO": 397,
"SPEC_NAME": "Blue-winged Teal",
"LATINNAME": "Anas discors",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.0",
"SECRETS": "The Blue-winged Teal may hybridize with the closely related Cinnamon Teal (A.O.U. 1998).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in shallow ponds, lakes, fresh- and salt-water marshes, and in flooded agricultural fields.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from eastern Alaska southeastward to Ontario, southern Quebec, and Newfoundland; and south to northern California, northern Arizona, and New Mexico east to Tennessee and the mid-Atlantic coast. Generally winters along the Gulf coast; on the Pacific coast from northern California south; and on the Atlantic coast from North Carolina south; however, regularly occurs in small numbers further north during the winter. Noticeably less common on the west coast, where it is replaced by Cinnamon Teal.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark gray head with white crescent in front of the eye identifies the male; female's bill is more slender, smaller, and not as broad as the bill of the Cinnamon Teal.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground, usually near water, and is built from grass, cattails, and other vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-15, usually 8-11; 47 mm.; creamy-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 23-27 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 35-44 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 102,
"SPECIES_ID": 398,
"CLO": 398,
"SPEC_NAME": "Cinnamon Teal",
"LATINNAME": "Anas cyanoptera",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.1",
"SECRETS": "The 'Blue-winged Teal' of the western U.S., the Cinnamon Teal is rare east of the Rocky Mountains; look for migrant Cinnamon Teals in the east during the spring migration.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in shallow ponds, lakes, streams, and marshes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from coastal and southern interior British Columbia and central Alberta east across southwestern Saskatchewan to central North Dakota; and south to northern Baja California, central Mexico, and western Texas; generally overwinters in the southern portion of its range, south to South America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Cinnamon-colored head, neck, and body plumage of the male is diagnostic; female's bill is longer and broader than female Blue-winged Teal's.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground, and consists of a scrape lined with grasses and down feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-16, usually 7-12; 48 mm.; pinkish-buff or white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 21-25 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 49 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 103,
"SPECIES_ID": 402,
"CLO": 402,
"SPEC_NAME": "Northern Shoveler",
"LATINNAME": "Anas clypeata",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.1",
"SECRETS": "The Shoveler's bill is highly specialized, allowing it to strain very small organisms from the surface & muddy bottoms of lakes & ponds. At a distance, easily told from Mallard by the reversal in colors: white breast & chestnut sides.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in shallow lakes, ponds, marshes, and flooded agricultural fields.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and northern Yukon east across northwestern and southern Mackenzie, and northern Manitoba to northern Ontario (sometimes further east to Nova Scotia); and south to southern California, Utah, northern Colorado, northwestern Oklahoma, central Kansas, northern Missouri, and central Illinois east to northeastern Maryland and Delaware. Breeding is also known from southern New Mexico and southeastern Texas. Generally winters from South America, Central America, and Mexico north to coastal and southern British Columbia, western Washington, Idaho, western Montana, Colorado, central Texas, the Gulf coast, and Maryland; and regularly further north in the eastern U.S. (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Spatulate bill is diagnostic in both sexes.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground, and consists of a scrape lined with grasses and down feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-14, usually 9-12; 52 mm.; olive-buff or greenish-gray in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 22-25 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 38-66 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 104,
"SPECIES_ID": 409,
"CLO": 409,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Pochard",
"LATINNAME": "Aythya ferina",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in fresh-water marshes and lakes, usually with emergent vegetation; also in brackish waters, and occasionally in estuaries (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Eurasian species; considered casual or accidental in Alaska and California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Resembles Canvasback, but with gray band on dark bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 105,
"SPECIES_ID": 410,
"CLO": 410,
"SPEC_NAME": "Canvasback",
"LATINNAME": "Aythya valisineria",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.5 *",
"SECRETS": "The Canvasback's Latin name is derived from its fondness for wild celery. Canvasbacks depend largely on this plant during fall migration. The majority of the eastern Canvasback population feeds on Mississippi River wild celery plants.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in fresh-water marshes and lakes with emergent vegetation; winters in larger, deeper bodies of water, including estuaries.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central Alaska and northern Yukon east across western and southern Mackenzie, central Saskatchewan, and central and northeastern Manitoba to western Ontario; and south to northeastern California, northern Nevada, central New Mexico, central Kansas, northwestern Iowa, Wisconsin, Michigan, and central New York. Generally winters from Baja California, southern Mexico, the Gulf coast, and Florida north to New England, the Great Lakes region, Iowa, Nebraska, Colorado, western Montana, Idaho, and along the Pacific coast to south-coastal Alaska and the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Long sloping forehead merges seamlessly with long, black bill; compare with Redhead.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest, which is anchored to emergent vegetation and placed over water, is built of aquatic vegetation such as bulrushes or sedges.\r\n\r\nEggs: 7-12, usually 7-10; 62 mm.; grayish- or greenish-olive in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 24-29 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 56-68 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 106,
"SPECIES_ID": 411,
"CLO": 411,
"SPEC_NAME": "Redhead",
"LATINNAME": "Aythya americana",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "3.8 ****",
"SECRETS": "Like the Wood Duck, the Redhead may practice 'dump nesting', whereby more than one female may lay eggs in the same nest.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in fresh-water marshes; winters in brackish and salt-water habitats more so than in fresh-water lakes and marshes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from British Columbia, southwestern Mackenzie, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Minnesota south to southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, northern Texas, Kansas, and Iowa. Localized breeding also occurs in south-central and southeastern Alaska; occasionally may breed in scattered localities in eastern North America (A.O.U. 1998). Generally winters south of breeding range, to include the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, the Mississippi River valley, Baja California, Mexico, and northern Central America.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Head is more rounded and shorter than in Canvasback; note the 3-colored bill: mostly gray, with a white ring and black tip. Back and sides of male are grayer than in Canvasback.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest, which is anchored to emergent vegetation and placed over water, is built of aquatic vegetation such as rushes or cattails.\r\n\r\nEggs: 9-16, usually 11; 61 mm.; pale olive-buff in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 24-28 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 56-73 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 107,
"SPECIES_ID": 412,
"CLO": 412,
"SPEC_NAME": "Ring-necked Duck",
"LATINNAME": "Aythya collaris",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "3.2 *",
"SECRETS": "At a distance, male Ring-necked Ducks can be told from scaup by the dark back; male scaup have pale gray backs.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshes, bogs, swamps, lakes, and ponds, usually in or near forested areas; generally in fresh-water habitats.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes east-central and southeastern Alaska, and extends from northeastern British Columbia and southern Yukon east across northwestern and southern Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, northern Ontario, and southern Quebec to Nova Scotia; and south to northern California, central Nevada, western Colorado, northeastern South Dakota, northern Iowa, Wisconsin, northern Indiana, southern Ontario, northern New York, and Maine; also locally in Georgia and north-central Florida. Generally winters from Central America, Mexico, the Gulf coast, and Florida north to New England, the southern Great Lakes, the lower Mississippi and Ohio River valleys, Oklahoma, Colorado, western Montana, Idaho, Washington, and along the Pacific coast to southeastern Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: White band near tip of bill. In male, note the white vertical bar which separates the black breast from the gray sides; female is generally brown overall, with a white eye ring which continues as a faint but noticeable line that extends back from the eye.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests over water or on the ground near water's edge; nest is built of grasses, moss, and other vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-14, usually 8-10; 58 mm.; olive-buff in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 26-27 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 49-56 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 108,
"SPECIES_ID": 417,
"CLO": 417,
"SPEC_NAME": "Tufted Duck",
"LATINNAME": "Aythya fuligula",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Patience is the key to locating your first Tufted Duck: thoroughly scan all large flocks of scaup and Ring-necked Ducks on a regular basis and you will eventually meet with success.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on fresh-water ponds and lakes; also in salt-water habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Eurasian species which migrates regularly through the Aleutian Islands. Considered rare on the Pacific coast from southern British Columbia south to southern California; in the Great Lakes region; and on the Atlantic coast from Newfoundland and Nova Scotia south to New Jersey (A.O.U. 1998). Becomes even more rare further inland.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark back. Tuft of feathers extending from the back of the head is present in both sexes; most noticeable in adult male. Adult male has bright white sides and lacks the contrasting white vertical bar of the male Ring-necked Duck.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 109,
"SPECIES_ID": 419,
"CLO": 419,
"SPEC_NAME": "Greater Scaup",
"LATINNAME": "Aythya marila",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "BEWARE: head color in adult male scaup is iridescent and therefore not completely reliable; however, in good light, Greater Scaup have a greenish sheen to their heads & Lesser Scaup have a purplish sheen.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on ponds or lakes in taiga and tundra habitats; winters in or near estuaries or lagoons, less commonly on fresh-water lakes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from western Alaska and northern Yukon east across northwestern, north-central, and southern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, and Hudson and James Bays to northern Quebec; and south to central Manitoba, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland. In the west, winter range extends from the Aleutian Islands south to northern Baja California (and inland to western Montana, southwestern Arizona, and southern New Mexico); in the middle part of the continent, winter range extends from the Great Lakes region, the Ohio River valley, and the lower Mississippi River valley south to the Gulf coast; and along the Atlantic coast, it winters from Newfoundland south to central Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Head shape of this species is more smoothly rounded and lacks the peaked crown appearance seen in the Lesser Scaup; at close range (especially when seen through a spotting scope), the black tip of the bill is noticeably wider than in Lesser Scaup. White at base of bill on females are typical of both scaup species.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests over water or on the ground near water's edge; nest is built of nearby vegetation and lined with grass and down feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-11, usually 7-10; 62 mm.; dark olive-buff in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 24-28 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 35-42 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 110,
"SPECIES_ID": 420,
"CLO": 420,
"SPEC_NAME": "Lesser Scaup",
"LATINNAME": "Aythya affinis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.9",
"SECRETS": "BEWARE: head color in adult male scaup is iridescent and therefore not completely reliable; however, in good light, Lesser Scaup have a purplish sheen to their heads & Greater Scaup have a greenish sheen.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in fresh- and salt-water habitats, ranging in size from small marshes and ponds to large lakes and estuaries or bays.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central Alaska and central Yukon east across northwestern and southern Mackenzie and northern Manitoba to northern Ontario; and south to central California, northern Utah, western and central Colorado, central Nebraska, Kansas, northwestern Iowa, central Illinois, and western New York; sometimes breeds east to central Quebec. Generally winters from South America, Central America, Mexico, the Gulf coast, and Florida north to New England, the southern Great Lakes region, Iowa, Kansas, northeastern Colorado, Montana, Idaho, Washington, southern British Columbia, and southern Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Head shape of this species contains a noticeable 'peaked crown' appearance (compare with Greater Scaup); at close range (especially when seen through a spotting scope), the black tip of the bill is noticeably narrower than in Greater Scaup. White at base of bill on females are typical of both scaup species.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a scrape that is lined with grasses and down feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 8-14, usually 9-12; 57 mm.; olive or olive-buff in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 21-28 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 45-50 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 111,
"SPECIES_ID": 421,
"CLO": 421,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Eider",
"LATINNAME": "Somateria mollissima",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "After young leave the nest, 'creches' or groups are formed, wherein several females guard the chicks from two or more broods.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coastal habitats such as lagoons, bays, and estuaries.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes islands in the Arctic Ocean, Hudson Bay, coastal areas from northern Quebec, Labrador, Greenland, and Newfoundland south to Nova Scotia, New Hampshire, and Maine; and coastal habitats from northeastern Mackenzie to Alaska. Generally winters offshore from breeding areas; in the west, winter range extends from the Bering Sea to southeastern Alaska, and in the east it includes open waters of Hudson and James bays, and the Atlantic coast south to New York (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Long, sloping forehead. In the male, not the contrast between the white back and the black belly and sides. Female is brown with dark barring, which is typical of female eiders. Unlike the King Eider, the feathers on the side of the bill extends to or beyond the nostril.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nest is placed on the ground, is built from mosses, grass, seaweeds, and other vegetation, and is lined with down feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 76 mm.; pale brown to olive-green in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 25-30 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 65-75 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 112,
"SPECIES_ID": 422,
"CLO": 422,
"SPEC_NAME": "King Eider",
"LATINNAME": "Somateria spectabilis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in Arctic ponds or, in winter, offshore along rocky coastlines or in large bays (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes islands and/or coastal habitats in the Bering Sea, along the Arctic coast from northern Alaska east to Greenland, the west coast of Hudson Bay, and islands in Hudson and James bays. Winters in the Bering Sea and along the Aleutian Islands, the southern tip of Greenland, and the northeast Atlantic coast (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Head pattern of adult breeding male is unique. Compare female with female Common Eider; note the more rounded head shape, the 'V-shaped' barring on the side of the body, and the feather pattern on the side of the face near the bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and is lined with feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-7, usually 4-5; 68 mm.; olive-buff in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 22-24 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 30-50 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 113,
"SPECIES_ID": 423,
"CLO": 423,
"SPEC_NAME": "Spectacled Eider",
"LATINNAME": "Somateria fischeri",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "Threatened",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in Arctic ponds, lakes, and deltas lined with sedges or grass; or, in winter, within open water areas of pack ice (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes the Arctic coasts of Alaska and Siberia. Winters in the Bering Sea and less commonly along coastal Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Orange bill, greenish head, and white patch (with a black border) around eye are unmistakable features for the adult male. Note the feather pattern on the face of the female: feathering on upper mandible is extensive, creating a short-billed appearance; in addition, a pale grayish eye patch is also visible.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground, near water. The nest is built of grasses and lined with down feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-9, usually 4-6; 68 mm.; olive-green in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 24 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 50-53 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 114,
"SPECIES_ID": 424,
"CLO": 424,
"SPEC_NAME": "Steller's Eider",
"LATINNAME": "Polysticta stelleri",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "Threatened in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in Arctic ponds, lakes; also in shallow bays, lagoons, and other salt-water or marine habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes the Arctic coasts of Alaska and Siberia. Winters in the Aleutian Islands to the southern coast of Alaska, occasionally as far south as northern California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Adult male has white head with black eye patch; also note the green tuft on the top rear of the crown. Pale eye ring contrasts with overall dark body plumage in female; compare head and bill shape with female Common and King Eiders.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground, near water, and is lined with down feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-10 usually 6-8; 61 mm.; pale yellow to olive-buff in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 115,
"SPECIES_ID": 425,
"CLO": 425,
"SPEC_NAME": "Labrador Duck",
"LATINNAME": "Camptorhynchus labradorius",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "Extinct",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Although breeding habitat is unknown, this sea duck spent the winter in or near sandy bays and estuaries (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Currently extinct. Thought to have bred in Labrador; documented along the Atlantic coast from Nova Scotia south to New Jersey and further inland to Quebec (A.O.U. 1998).",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 116,
"SPECIES_ID": 426,
"CLO": 426,
"SPEC_NAME": "Harlequin Duck",
"LATINNAME": "Histrionicus histrionicus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Note the precise location where you have discovered or observed wintering Harlequin Ducks: this species has a habit of returning to the same location year after year.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested mountain streams and rivers; and, in winter, in turbulent waters near rocky coast lines (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from western Alaska, the northern Yukon, and southern Alberta south to Washington, eastern Oregon, Idaho, and western Wyoming. Winters along rocky coast lines from the Aleutian Islands south to central California; and on the Atlantic coast from southern Labrador, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia south to New York (A.O.U. 1998). Less common at other inland locations such as the Great Lakes; very rare further inland.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Small bill. Complex color pattern of the male is diagnostic. Female has three white spots before and after the eye on the side of the face; compare with female Bufflehead.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground or in a tree cavity; lined with grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-10, usually 6-8; 58 mm.; cream- or buff-colored.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 28-30 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 60-70 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 117,
"SPECIES_ID": 427,
"CLO": 427,
"SPEC_NAME": "Long-tailed Duck",
"LATINNAME": "Clangula hyemalis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "May dive up to 200 feet. After young leave the nest, 'creches' or groups are formed, wherein several females guard the chicks from three or more broods; some groups may number more than 100 individuals.",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "Oldsquaw",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on shallow lakes in taiga or tundra habitats; or, in winter, along coast lines or bays, less commonly on large inland lakes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska east across northern Canada and islands in the Arctic Ocean to Greenland and Labrador; and south to: northwestern British Columbia; and eastern and south-central Mackenzie, Keewatin, Hudson Bay, and James Bay. Generally winters south of its breeding range, primarily in the Bering Sea and along the Aleutian Islands, the Great Lakes region, and along the northern Pacific & Atlantic coasts; rare at other inland or coastal locations (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Long tail; short, stubby bill. Study the variable plumages of this species closely; male, for instance, ranges from mostly white in the winter and early spring to mostly dark in the late spring and summer.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: May breed in loose colonies. Nest, which is placed on the ground near water, is built from moss, sedges, and grasses, and is lined with leaves and down feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-11, usually 6-8; 53 mm.; color is yellow-buff or cream.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 24-29 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 35-40 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 118,
"SPECIES_ID": 428,
"CLO": 428,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black Scoter",
"LATINNAME": "Melanitta nigra",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Look for Black Scoters in the fall at inland locations following major storm fronts; at a distance, compare first winter males and females with winter-plumaged Ruddy Duck, which is similar in appearance.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on lakes and small bodies of water in taiga or tundra habitats; or, in winter, on the ocean or in bays, less commonly on large inland lakes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes the following disjunct locations: Alaska, southern Keewatin, Newfoundland, and northern Quebec. Winters on the Pacific coast from the Aleutian Islands south to southern California; and on the Atlantic coast from Newfoundland south to Florida. Rare at other coastal or inland locations during migration and in winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Adult male is all black with an orangish knob at base of otherwise dark bill; female is also all dark except for lower cheek and throat, which are pale white.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, usually near water. Nest is built of grasses and other fine materials, and is lined with down feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-11, usually 6-8; 62 mm.; pale pinkish-buff in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 30-31 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 45-50 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 119,
"SPECIES_ID": 429,
"CLO": 429,
"SPEC_NAME": "Surf Scoter",
"LATINNAME": "Melanitta perspicillata",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The most abundant of the three scoters, the Surf Scoter may often be found in large numbers in the surf of the Atlantic or Pacific Oceans.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on lakes, ponds, or on the ocean; also in bays or estuaries; less commonly in the winter on large inland lakes.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from the Mackenzie River delta east across central Mackenzie and northern Manitoba to Hudson Bay and west-central Quebec; and south to western and central Alaska, southern Yukon, northeastern British Columbia, central Alberta, and northern Saskatchewan; also breeds in eastern Quebec and southern Labrador. Winters on the Pacific coast from the Aleutian Islands south to central Baja California and Mexico; and on the Atlantic coast from Maine south to North Carolina and Florida. Rare at most inland locations during migration and in winter, although it is a regular migrant through Utah, North & South Dakota, and the Great Lakes region (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Adult male is all black except for black/white/orange bill and white patches on the forehead and nape of neck. Females and immatures are generally dark overall, with two pale white patches on side of face: one before and the other behind the eye; compare with White-winged Scoter. Feathering on bill is not as extensive as in White-winged Scoter, making the bill appear longer.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is built of weeds, and is lined with down feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-8, usually 7; 62 mm.; pinkish- or buffy-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 120,
"SPECIES_ID": 430,
"CLO": 430,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-winged Scoter",
"LATINNAME": "Melanitta fusca",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The white wing patch of the White-winged Scoter is not always visible; compare closely with other scoters.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on lakes, ponds, and streams in tundra and prairie habitats. In winter, found on the ocean, in bays or estuaries; less commonly on large inland lakes.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and northern Yukon east across northwestern and southern Mackenzie and southern Keewatin to northern Manitoba; and south to southern Yukon, interior British Columbia, southeastern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, northern Ontario, and western Quebec. Winters on the Pacific coast from the Aleutian Islands south to Baja California; in the Great Lakes region; and on the Atlantic coast from Newfoundland south to New Jersey and South Carolina. Rare at most inland locations during migration and in winter, although it is a regular migrant through Utah, North Dakota, the Great Lakes region, and the Mississippi & Ohio River valleys (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Adult male is all black except for small white patch around eye and white wing patch. Females and immatures are also all dark, with two pale white patches on side of face: one before and the other behind the eye. Feathering on bill extends almost to nostrils. Compare facial and bill feathering pattern with Surf Scoter.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is lined with sticks, leaves, and down feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-12, usually 9; 65 mm.; pinkish or pale buff in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 25-30 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 63-75 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 121,
"SPECIES_ID": 431,
"CLO": 431,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Goldeneye",
"LATINNAME": "Bucephala clangula",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.8",
"SECRETS": "In flight, the sound of its whistling wings is diagnostic. In the winter, several hundred and even up to a 1000 or more birds can be found concentrated at a single location on large inland lakes.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested lakes, ponds, rivers, and coastal bays; in winter, also frequents open bays, estuaries, large lakes, and rivers (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from western Alaska and northern Yukon east across northwestern and southern Mackenzie, southwestern Keewatin, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario to central Labrador and Newfoundland; and south to northern Washington, central Montana, northwestern Wyoming, southern Saskatchewan, northern North Dakota, the Great Lakes region, northern New York, northern New England, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. Generally winters along the west coast from the Aleutians and southeastern Alaska south to northern Mexico and Baja California (and east to Idaho and Utah; in the Great Lakes region; and along the east and Gulf coasts from Newfound and Nova Scotia south to central Florida (and west to Texas). Also occurs in smaller numbers at many other inland locations in the U.S. during the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: On male, note dark green head with roundish white spot in front of and below eye. Scapular feathers are mostly white. Female's bill is usually dark with a yellow tip. Compare all of these field marks with Barrow's Goldeneye.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavity, usually close to water.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-15, usually 7-10; 60 mm.; light green to olive-green in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 28-32 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 56-60 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 122,
"SPECIES_ID": 432,
"CLO": 432,
"SPEC_NAME": "Barrow's Goldeneye",
"LATINNAME": "Bucephala islandica",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "5.5 *",
"SECRETS": "Like the Common Goldeneye, the Barrow's Goldeneye's wings also whistle in flight, aiding in its identification.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested lakes, ponds, and rivers; in winter, also frequents open bays and estuaries, especially in or near rocky habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central Alaska, southern Yukon, northern British Columbia, and west-central Alberta south to coastal and southeastern Alaska, northern Washington, eastern Oregon, western Montana, and northwestern Wyoming. Generally winters along the Pacific coast from southern Alaska south to central California, and more locally in the interior from British Columbia, Idaho and northern Montana south to western Arizona and northern New Mexico; in the east, also winters along the coast from Nova Scotia south to Rhode Island; rare in winter at inland locations (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: On male, note dark head with white crescent in front of eye; white on scapular feathers resembles a row of spots. Female's bill is mostly yellow, but may appear darker (with just a yellow tip) in eastern populations and in young females. Note the steep forehead in all plumages. Compare all of these field marks with Common Goldeneye.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Usually nests in tree cavity, but also in rock cavities or stream banks when trees are absent.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-15, usually 9-13; 61 mm.; dark green to light olive in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 32-34 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 56 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 123,
"SPECIES_ID": 433,
"CLO": 433,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bufflehead",
"LATINNAME": "Bucephala albeola",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "4.6 *",
"SECRETS": "Commonly seen on small inland lakes and ponds in the winter; told at a distance from Hooded Merganser by the white sides (where side of body meets the water line); Hooded Merganser is much darker.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on lakes and ponds; in winter, also frequents open bays, estuaries, and rivers (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central Alaska, southern Yukon, western and southern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, northeastern Manitoba, and northern Ontario south to southern British Columbia, northern Washington, western Montana, southern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, northwestern Minnesota, central Ontario, and west-central Quebec; breeds more locally south of this range. Winter range extends south of a line running from the Aleutian Islands on the Pacific Coast to Washington, Idaho, and Montana; and in the interior south of a line running from the Great Lakes region to Nova Scotia on the Atlantic coast (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Small size. Male has dark head with large white patch; female is more drab, with a horizontal white patch on side of face just below and in back of eye.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavity, usually near water.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-12, usually 8-10; 46 mm.; ivory-yellow to pale olive-buff in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 28-33 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 50-55 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 124,
"SPECIES_ID": 434,
"CLO": 434,
"SPEC_NAME": "Smew",
"LATINNAME": "Mergellus albellus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on lakes, ponds, rivers, and bays (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Eurasian species which migrates regularly through the Aleutian Islands, and occasionally through British Columbia. Considered accidental in other locations in the United States and Canada (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Short, dark bill. White throat and reddish-brown head of female make it appear like a miniature version of female Common Merganser. Male is generally white with black lines on side of body and head.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 125,
"SPECIES_ID": 435,
"CLO": 435,
"SPEC_NAME": "Hooded Merganser",
"LATINNAME": "Lophodytes cucullatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "9.1 ****",
"SECRETS": "Told at a distance from Bufflehead by the dark sides (where side of body meets the water line); Bufflehead is mostly white on sides.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on woodland streams, lakes, ponds, and swamps; in winter, also frequents marshes, bays, and estuaries (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: In the west, breeding range extends from southeastern Alaska, coastal British Columbia, and northern Alberta south to southwestern Oregon, central Idaho, and western Montana. In the east, breeding range extends from central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, central Ontario, southern Quebec, and Nova Scotia south to northeastern Texas, northern Louisiana, central Mississippi, southern Alabama, and northern Georgia. Winters on the Pacific coast; from New England south to Florida on the Atlantic coast; along the Gulf coast; and more locally at inland locations of the United States and Canada (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Smallest of the three common North American mergansers. Note black head with white patch on conspicuous crest in male; female also usually shows a crest, and is generally brown in color; compare with the noticeably larger Red-breasted Merganser.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavity or artificial nest box.\r\n\r\nEggs: 7-18, usually 10-12; 54 mm.; white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 28-41 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 71 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 126,
"SPECIES_ID": 437,
"CLO": 437,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-breasted Merganser",
"LATINNAME": "Mergus serrator",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-3.2",
"SECRETS": "In the winter, the Red-breasted Merganser is more likely to be found in salt-water or brackish habitats than is the Common Merganser.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on rivers and lakes; in winter, also frequents bays, estuaries, and shallow coastal waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska, northern Yukon, northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, Baffin Island, Labrador, and Newfoundland south to the Aleutian Islands, northwestern British Columbia, northern Alberta, southwestern and central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, northern New York, Vermont, Maine, and Nova Scotia. Generally winters along the Pacific, Gulf, and Atlantic coasts, including the Great Lakes region, Baja California, and Mexico; also, locally on large inland lakes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Shaggy crest. Red breast of male distinguishes this species from the larger Common Merganser. Female shows indistinct border between white breast and reddish-brown sides of neck.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and lined with down feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-16, usually 8-10; 65 mm.; olive-buff in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 29-35 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 59-65 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 127,
"SPECIES_ID": 439,
"CLO": 439,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Merganser",
"LATINNAME": "Mergus merganser",
"FAMILY_ID": "ANAT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.6 *",
"SECRETS": "In the winter, this duck of forested lakes and rivers may appear in unexpected places; seeing one or more individuals on a small stream in a major metropolitan area, for example, is not unusual.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on rivers and lakes, usually in or near woodlands.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska, southern Yukon, southern Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, central Quebec, and Newfoundland south to central California, central Nevada, central Arizona (and south into northern Mexico), and southwestern and northern New Mexico; further east, breeding range extends south to Montana, central Nebraska, southwestern South Dakota, the Great Lakes region, New York, northwestern New Jersey, Maine and Nova Scotia. Generally winters in the Aleutian Islands and south-coastal Alaska; winter range also extends from British Columbia east to Newfoundland; and south to southern California, northern Mexico, and the northern portions of the Gulf states; and occasionally wintering birds reach northern Baja California, southern Texas, the Gulf coast, and northern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Adult male lacks crest; shows bright red bill and white breast that contrast with dark green head. Female has crest; reddish-brown color on head is brighter than in Red-breasted Merganser. Female shows distinct border between white breast and reddish-brown neck; also shows a clearly defined white chin.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Usually nests in tree cavities, but may also nest on the ground. Nest is built of dead weeds, roots, leaves, and other vegetation; and is lined with down feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-17, usually 8-12; 64 mm.; buff white or ivory yellow in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 28-35 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 65-85 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 128,
"SPECIES_ID": 442,
"CLO": 442,
"SPEC_NAME": "Greater Flamingo",
"LATINNAME": "Phoenicopterus ruber",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHOE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on lakes, lagoons, and mud flats in or near coastal waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds locally in the Yucatan Peninsula, the Greater Antilles, and in the southern Bahamas; non-breeding individuals wander to southern Florida and more widely throughout the Bahamas and the Antilles. Considered to be casual or accidental along the Gulf coast and elsewhere in the United States and Canada, where many of the sightings may in fact be of escaped individuals (A.O.U. 1998). \r\n\r\nField Marks: Large size, long pink legs, primaries and secondaries are black. Bill is large and down-curved, with a black tip.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground, usually on mud flats, where nests are built from mud, leaves, roots, and twigs and may be up to 18 inches in height.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-2, usually 1; 91 mm.; white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 28-32 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 75-77 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 129,
"SPECIES_ID": 448,
"CLO": 448,
"SPEC_NAME": "Reddish Egret",
"LATINNAME": "Egretta rufescens",
"FAMILY_ID": "ARDE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "This species practices what is known as 'canopy feeding': when foraging, it extends its wings over the water to create pools of shadows in which it can more easily locate its prey. When feeding, it often lurches about in a haphazard manner.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in shallow coastal habitats such as brackish marshes and sandy beaches (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in coastal habitats of Baja California, Mexico, the Gulf coast (Texas, Louisiana, and Alabama), and southern Florida. Generally winters within its breeding range, extending northward to southwestern California and Georgia; rare at other inland locations in the southern united States (A.O.U. 1998). \r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark, blue-gray body and wings. Reddish head and neck; bill is black at tip, pink at base. Note also that there is a white phase plumage.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, usually with other herons and egrets. Nest is placed on the ground or up to 15-20 feet high in small tree or shrub; nest consists of a platform of small sticks, twigs, and grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-7, usually 3-4; 51 mm.; pale bluish-green in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 25-26 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 45 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 130,
"SPECIES_ID": 451,
"CLO": 451,
"SPEC_NAME": "Tricolored Heron",
"LATINNAME": "Egretta tricolor",
"FAMILY_ID": "ARDE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.8",
"SECRETS": "This species sometimes appears at inland locations in roosts with other herons and egrets that form during the post-breeding period; best found at this time by observing birds as they return to roost in the evening.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Usually found in coastal marshes, but also more locally further inland in swamps, lakes, and rivers (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in coastal habitats of Baja California, Mexico, the Gulf coast, Florida, and the Atlantic coast north to Maine; also at inland locations in New Mexico, Texas, and Arkansas. Generally winters within its breeding range along the coast; on the Atlantic coast, winters north to about New Jersey (A.O.U. 1998). Post-breeding dispersal in late summer and early fall results in birds appearing at inland locations far north of their breeding range.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Head, most of neck, back, and wings generally a dark blue color. White underneath, including foreneck.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, sometimes in association with other herons. Nest is placed on the ground or, more typically, up to 15-30 feet high in shrub or tree; nest consists of a platform of sticks and twigs lined with grass and leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 3-4; 44 mm.; pale bluish-green in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 21-25 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 35 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 131,
"SPECIES_ID": 453,
"CLO": 453,
"SPEC_NAME": "Little Blue Heron",
"LATINNAME": "Egretta caerulea",
"FAMILY_ID": "ARDE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.6 **",
"SECRETS": "A common heron, this species sometimes forms large roosts during the post-breeding season, when it disperses widely to wetlands with available habitat; some post-breeding roosts may number several thousand birds.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in ponds, lakes, streams, swamps, marshes, and other fresh-water habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds locally, within an area extending from Mexico and Baja California north to southern California, north-central Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, southeastern Missouri, southern Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Alabama, southern Georgia, and the Atlantic coast north to Maine. Generally winters in southwestern California, Mexico, along the Gulf coast, and along the Atlantic coast north to Virginia (A.O.U. 1998). Post-breeding dispersal in late summer and early fall results in birds appearing at inland locations far north of their breeding range.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Overall dark, slate blue color in adult; during breeding season, reddish tint to head. Bicolored bill. Immatures are mostly white, but in second year take on a pied appearance during the molt to the adult plumage.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, usually in association with other herons. Nest is placed up to 40 feet high in bush or tree and consists of a platform of sticks.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-6, usually 2-5; 44 mm.; pale bluish-green in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 20-23 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 42-49 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 132,
"SPECIES_ID": 454,
"CLO": 454,
"SPEC_NAME": "Little Egret",
"LATINNAME": "Egretta garzetta",
"FAMILY_ID": "ARDE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshy areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Old World species. Considered accidental in Quebec, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Virginia (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Very similar to Snowy Egret; may sometimes be impossible to distinguish the two species outside of the breeding season.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 133,
"SPECIES_ID": 455,
"CLO": 455,
"SPEC_NAME": "Western Reef-Egret",
"LATINNAME": "Egretta gularis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ARDE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "Western Reef-Heron",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on seacoasts, mudflats, and in estuaries (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Africa, India, and the Middle East. Considered accidental in Massachusetts, where one individual was documented from 12 April to September 1983 (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to a Little Blue Heron, but with a heavier bill, a white throat, and yellow feet (as in Snowy Egret); dark and white morphs are known to exist, with the dark morph being more common.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 134,
"SPECIES_ID": 457,
"CLO": 457,
"SPEC_NAME": "Snowy Egret",
"LATINNAME": "Egretta thula",
"FAMILY_ID": "ARDE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "9.1 **",
"SECRETS": "Immature Snowy Egrets may sometimes be confused with immature Little Blue Heron; note that back of leg may appear yellowish-green in color; however, the rest of the leg is dark and the feet are yellow (like adults).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshes, ponds, and lakes; also in lagoons and other shallow coastal habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds south of a line running from eastern Oregon and northern California through southeastern Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, northeastern Wisconsin, southern Ontario, and northwestern Ohio, to the Atlantic coast (north to Maine); breeding range extends south into Baja California and Mexico. Generally winters from northern California, southwestern Arizona, the Gulf coast, and coastal South Carolina south throughout its breeding range (A.O.U. 1998). Post-breeding dispersal in late summer and early fall results in birds appearing at inland locations far north of their breeding range.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Snowy white plumage, dark legs, black bill, and yellow feet (sometimes called golden slippers). Smaller than Great Egret.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, usually in association with other herons and egrets. Nest is placed on the ground or, more typically, up to 30 feet high in shrub or tree and consists of a platform of sticks lined with twigs and rushes.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-6, usually 3-5; 43 mm.; pale bluish-green in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 20-24 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 30 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 135,
"SPECIES_ID": 458,
"CLO": 458,
"SPEC_NAME": "Chinese Egret",
"LATINNAME": "Egretta eulophotes",
"FAMILY_ID": "ARDE",
"STATUS": "Endangered",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on mud flats, and along bays and estuaries (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Asian species. Considered accidental in the Aleutian Islands, where one was recorded on 16 June 1974 (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Very similar to Snowy Egret, but with yellow bill, blue lores, and short head crest.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 136,
"SPECIES_ID": 463,
"CLO": 463,
"SPEC_NAME": "Great Blue Heron",
"LATINNAME": "Ardea herodias",
"FAMILY_ID": "ARDE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.1 ***",
"SECRETS": "The two alternate color phases of this species in Florida are sometimes known as the Great White Heron (all white form) and the Ward's or Wurdemann's Heron (includes form with all white head); these were once considered a separate species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in fresh- and salt-water habitats, along lakes, rivers, ponds, lagoons, seacoasts, and on mudflats; occasionally forages in agricultural fields.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds south of a line running from Nova Scotia through southern Quebec, northern Ontario, northern Manitoba, central Saskatchewan, and northern Alberta to southern British Columbia; breeding range on the Pacific coast also includes all of coastal British Columbia and the southern coast of Alaska (A.O.U. 1998). Resident in the southern portion of its range; northern populations are migratory.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Our largest heron; generally grayish-blue in color. White head contrasts with conspicuous black stripe above eye. Two additional color phases are known: an all white form, which is found in southern Florida, and a form which is grayish-blue in color but has an all white head and is found primarily in the Florida Keys.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, usually in association with other herons and egrets. Nest is placed on the ground or, more typically, up to 130 feet high in tree and consists of a platform of sticks lined with twigs, mosses, pine needles, grasses, and leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-7, usually 3-5; 64 mm.; pale bluish-green in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 28 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 56-60 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 137,
"SPECIES_ID": 465,
"CLO": 465,
"SPEC_NAME": "Great Egret",
"LATINNAME": "Ardea alba",
"FAMILY_ID": "ARDE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.8 *",
"SECRETS": "What's in a name? The name of the Great Egret has changed several times in recent years; you may also know this species as the Common Egret or American Egret; in Old World literature it is also known as the Great White Heron!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in fresh- and salt-water habitats, along lakes, rivers, streams, lagoons and estuaries, and on mudflats; occasionally forages in agricultural fields.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central Washington and southern Idaho south into California, Nevada, southwestern Arizona, Baja California, and Mexico; also from southwestern Manitoba, South Dakota, central Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, southern Ontario, southwestern Quebec, and New England south to Florida and the Gulf states, and west to eastern Colorado and southern New Mexico. Winter range extends southward from a line running from coastal Oregon and northern California through central Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, and Texas and the Gulf coast region to coastal Maryland; occasionally found further north in winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Large, all white heron, with black legs and large, yellowish bill. At a distance, compare with Snowy Egret, which is smaller and has a black bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds singly or in colonies, usually in association with other herons and water birds. Nest is usually placed up to 40 feet (and sometimes up to 90 feet) high in tree and consists of a platform of sticks and twigs with little or no lining.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-6, usually 3; 57 mm.; pale blue or bluish-green in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 23-26 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 42-49 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 138,
"SPECIES_ID": 474,
"CLO": 474,
"SPEC_NAME": "Cattle Egret",
"LATINNAME": "Bubulcus ibis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ARDE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.0 *",
"SECRETS": "An Old World species, the Cattle Egret apparently flew across the Atlantic Ocean, arriving in South America in the late 1800's, and first reported in North America in the early 1940's.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in actively grazed pastures and grasslands; also on lawns or along roadsides, and occasionally in marshes or flooded agricultural fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central California, eastern Oregon, southern Idaho, Utah, Colorado, North Dakota, the Great Lakes region, northern Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Maine south to Baja California, Mexico, the Gulf coast, and Florida. Generally winters from Florida, the Gulf coast states, coastal Texas, and western Oregon and northern California south throughout its breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Of the three typically white egrets (Cattle, Snowy, and Great Egrets), the Cattle egret is the smallest. In breeding season, note orangish feathers on crown, back, and lower neck; bill and leg color also more red or reddish-orange at this time of year. During the non-breeding season, bill and legs are yellowish in color. Compare also with immature Little Blue Heron.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, usually in association with other herons. Nest is usually placed up to 12 feet high in small tree and consists of a platform of sticks, vines, and twigs.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 3-4; 48 mm.; pale bluish-green or bluish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 22-26 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 30 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 139,
"SPECIES_ID": 482,
"CLO": 482,
"SPEC_NAME": "Green Heron",
"LATINNAME": "Butorides virescens",
"FAMILY_ID": "ARDE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.6 **",
"SECRETS": "The Green Heron, which has at times been called the Green-backed Heron, frequently draws the same question from beginning birders: Why is it called a 'green' heron? Note that its back is more bluish-gray than green in color!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in swamps, ponds, rivers, marshes, or lakes, usually in or near forested areas.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes Baja California, Mexico, and most of the United States; more locally distributed or absent in areas of the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains. Also breeds in New Brunswick and in the extreme southern portions of the southern tier of Canadian provinces (i.e., British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec). Generally winters from southern Arizona, southern Texas, the Gulf coast states, and South Carolina south throughout its breeding range; also winters locally on the west coast north to southwestern British Columbia (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Except for the Least Bittern, this is our smallest heron. Note white streak down center of throat and neck, reddish or chestnut color on sides & back of neck, and otherwise dark green (or bluish-gray) back and head.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: More likely to breed singly than other herons, but sometimes may breed in small colonies. Nest may be placed up to 30 feet high in small tree or thicket, and consists of a platform of sticks that is lined with twigs, vines, and other vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-7, usually 2-4; 38 mm.; pale bluish-green or light green in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 21-25 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 34-35 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 140,
"SPECIES_ID": 485,
"CLO": 485,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow-crowned Night-Heron",
"LATINNAME": "Nyctanassa violacea",
"FAMILY_ID": "ARDE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.3",
"SECRETS": "Of the two Night-Herons, the Yellow-crowned is usually seen in smaller numbers; most observations will be of 1-3 birds.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in mangroves, and in forested lagoons, swamps, or lakes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Baja California, Mexico, the Gulf coast, and Florida north to northeastern Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, southeastern Nebraska, southern and eastern Iowa, and southeastern Minnesota east to Massachusetts. Winters in the southern portion of its breeding range (i.e., Baja California, Mexico, the Gulf coast, and along the Atlantic coast north to South Carolina) (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Crisp, dark gray plumage, with black head, white cheek patch behind eye, and pale-white crown. Compare immature with immature Black-crowned Night-Heron; note comparatively longer legs in flight.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, usually in association with other herons. Nest is placed up to 40 feet high in tree or shrub and is built of twigs and lined with rootlets, leaves, and other vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-8, usually 4-5; 51 mm.; pale bluish-green in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 21-25 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 25 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 141,
"SPECIES_ID": 486,
"CLO": 486,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-crowned Night-Heron",
"LATINNAME": "Nycticorax nycticorax",
"FAMILY_ID": "ARDE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "5.2 **",
"SECRETS": "Learn the distinctive 'wok!' call of this species; it will aid in its identification even when the calling bird can not be seen.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in mangroves, swamps and marshes, lakes, rivers, lagoons, and other wetland habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southwestern British Columbia, Washington, southern Idaho, Montana, east-central Alberta, Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, southern Quebec, and Nova Scotia south to Florida, the Gulf coast states, Baja California, and Mexico. Generally winters from Mexico, Baja California, the Gulf coast, and Florida north to western Washington, southern Oregon, southern Nevada, northern Utah, Colorado, southern Texas, the southern Great Lakes region, and southern New England (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Light gray wings and neck, white underneath. Black on crown and back. Compare immature with immature Yellow-crowned Night-Heron; note comparatively shorter legs in flight.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nest is placed 15-30 feet (and at the extreme, up to 160 feet) high in tree and is built of twigs, reeds, and branches.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-7, usually 3-5; 52 mm.; pale bluish-green in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 24-26 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 42-49 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 142,
"SPECIES_ID": 501,
"CLO": 501,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow Bittern",
"LATINNAME": "Ixobrychus sinensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ARDE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshes with tall emergent vegetation (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: A breeding bird of Asia and the Australasian region; considered accidental in Alaska, where one was recorded on 17-22 May 1989 (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Mostly tan or yellowish-brown in color, with black crown and flight feathers.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 143,
"SPECIES_ID": 503,
"CLO": 503,
"SPEC_NAME": "Least Bittern",
"LATINNAME": "Ixobrychus exilis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ARDE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.3",
"SECRETS": "Often difficult to see, but one trick you may use is to carefully scan the edge of emergent vegetation (where it meets the water), especially early in the morning; oftentimes, Least Bitterns will be in plain view!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshes with an abundance of tall, emergent vegetation.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range in the west extends from southern Oregon and California south to southern Arizona, Baja California, and western Mexico; in the east, it breeds from southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, southern Quebec, Maine, and New Brunswick south to south-central New Mexico, eastern Mexico, Texas, the Gulf coast states, and Florida. Generally winters from southern California, southwestern Arizona, southern Texas, and Florida south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This is our smallest heron. Dark outer wings show buffy wing patches; back and crown also dark. Easily learnt call is similar to call of Black-billed Cuckoo.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed near or over water, in dense growth of cattails, bulrushes, or other available vegetation and consists of a platform of dried and living plant material.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-7, usually 4-5; 31 mm.; bluish-white or greenish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 19-20 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 25 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 144,
"SPECIES_ID": 508,
"CLO": 508,
"SPEC_NAME": "American Bittern",
"LATINNAME": "Botaurus lentiginosus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ARDE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.2 ***",
"SECRETS": "In flight, American Bittern can be told from Night-Herons by contrast of pale brown inner wings and dark brown outer wings.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in fresh-water and brackish marshes, usually with tall, emergent vegetation (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern Alaska, southern Mackenzie, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, Quebec, and Newfoundland south to California, New Mexico, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, western Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, northeastern West Virginia, Maryland, and Virginia. Generally winters from British Columbia, Washington, Utah, northern Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, the Gulf coast states, and southern New England south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Generally brown in color, with blackish-brown moustache on side of neck; paler below, with brown streaks Call is loud and diagnostic.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed near or over water, in dense growth of cattails, grasses, sedges, or other available vegetation and is built from dried and living plant material such as sticks, grass, and sedges.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-7, usually 4-5; 49 mm.; buff-brown to olive-buff in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: The female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 28-29 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 145,
"SPECIES_ID": 514,
"CLO": 514,
"SPEC_NAME": "White Ibis",
"LATINNAME": "Eudocimus albus",
"FAMILY_ID": "THRE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "5.5 *",
"SECRETS": "Post-breeding wanderers in mid summer and fall may be found at locations far north of breeding range. For example, over 100 birds have been found at one time in Tennessee.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in lagoons, marshes, mangroves, and shallow bodies of water, including flooded fields.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident in Baja California, along both slopes of Mexico, along the Gulf coast from Texas to Florida, and along the Atlantic coast north to North Carolina. Wanders far north of this range.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Breeding adult is all white (except for black tips to wings) with pink bill and legs. Immature has pale gray head and neck, and dark wings; by second year it takes on a pied appearance as it begins molt to adult plumage.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nest is placed near or over water, up to 15 feet high in tree; and consists of a platform of sticks lined with leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-5, usually 2-3; 58 mm.; greenish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs. Incubation usually lasts about 21-23 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 28-35 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 146,
"SPECIES_ID": 515,
"CLO": 515,
"SPEC_NAME": "Scarlet Ibis",
"LATINNAME": "Eudocimus ruber",
"FAMILY_ID": "THRE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The Scarlet Ibis is closely related to, and sometimes hybridizes with, the White Ibis; in fact, some authorities consider these two ibis to be representatives of the same species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in mangroves, rivers, marshes, and coastal swamps & lagoons (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: A South American species, considered accidental in Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Overall scarlet in color, with black wing tips.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 147,
"SPECIES_ID": 517,
"CLO": 517,
"SPEC_NAME": "Glossy Ibis",
"LATINNAME": "Plegadis falcinellus",
"FAMILY_ID": "THRE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.3",
"SECRETS": "This species & the similar White-faced Ibis are often referred to as the 'dark ibises'; separating these 2 species in the field is often difficult & sometimes impossible. Adults are only in breeding plumage from early spring to mid-summer.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in lagoons, marshes, swamps, and shallow bodies of water, including lakes and flooded fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes Florida, and extends along the Gulf coast from Alabama to Louisiana, and also along the Atlantic coast north to Maine. Generally winters in Florida and along the Gulf coast to Louisiana (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding plumage, overall chestnut color is glossed with dark green or purple. Breeding birds are told from White-faced Ibis most readily by lack of white border to the base of bill which extends behind eye; also, note grayish lores and legs, and compare eye color and bill color. Immatures and non-breeding season adults are difficult to separate from White-faced Ibis.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, usually in association with other herons. Nest is placed on the ground or up to 10 feet high in tree or shrub over water; and consists of a platform of sticks that is occasionally lined with leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-5, usually 2-4; 52 mm.; bluish-green in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 21 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 28 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 148,
"SPECIES_ID": 518,
"CLO": 518,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-faced Ibis",
"LATINNAME": "Plegadis chihi",
"FAMILY_ID": "THRE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "23.7 ****",
"SECRETS": "This species & the similar Glossy Ibis are often referred to as the 'dark ibises'; separating these 2 species in the field is often difficult & sometimes impossible. Adults are only in breeding plumage from early spring to mid-summer.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in fresh-water marshes, swamps, lakes, and flooded fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northern California, eastern Oregon, southern Idaho, Montana, and North Dakota south to Mexico, Texas, and southern Louisiana; generally winters from central California, southwestern Arizona, and coastal areas in Texas and Louisiana south into Mexico and Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding plumage, overall chestnut color is glossed with dark green or purple. Breeding birds are told from Glossy Ibis most readily by white border to the base of bill which extends behind eye; also, note reddish lores and legs, and compare eye color and bill color. Immatures and non-breeding season adults are difficult to separate from Glossy Ibis.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, usually in association with other herons. Nest is placed in bulrushes or reeds (or up to 6 feet high in shrub or tree), and consists of a cup of dead aquatic vegetation that is lined with grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-7, usually 3-4; 52 mm.; greenish-blue in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 21-22 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 28 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 149,
"SPECIES_ID": 546,
"CLO": 546,
"SPEC_NAME": "Roseate Spoonbill",
"LATINNAME": "Ajaia ajaja",
"FAMILY_ID": "THRE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "14.1 ***",
"SECRETS": "Known to wander; has occurred as far north and west as California, Utah, and Colorado.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshes, lagoons, swamps, ponds, and along rivers (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: A resident of central and southern Florida, and coastal areas west to Texas and along both slopes of Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: White neck and upper back, pinkish wings with reddish-pink scapulars; orange tail; large, spatulate bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, usually in association with other herons and water birds. Nest is placed up to 15 feet high in shrub or tree, and consists of a bulky structure of sticks and twigs that is lined with leaves and bark.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-5, usually 2-3; 65 mm.; white, with brown spots.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 22-23 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 35-42 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 150,
"SPECIES_ID": 547,
"CLO": 547,
"SPEC_NAME": "Wood Stork",
"LATINNAME": "Mycteria americana",
"FAMILY_ID": "CICO",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "-0.9",
"SECRETS": "Known to wander, post-breeding dispersals appear far north and west of breeding range. Has been observed in Montana and New Brunswick (A.O.U. 1998).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in lakes, ponds, and fresh- and salt-water marshes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: A resident of Florida, and coastal areas west to Texas and along both slopes of Mexico; and coastal areas north to South Carolina.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Large, heavy, down-curved bill; bald head. All white, with black tail and flight feathers; compare in flight with Whooping Crane.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nest is placed up to 80 feet or higher in tree, and consists of a platform of sticks.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3; 68 mm.; white or pale white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 28-32 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 55-60 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 151,
"SPECIES_ID": 562,
"CLO": 562,
"SPEC_NAME": "Jabiru",
"LATINNAME": "Jabiru mycteria",
"FAMILY_ID": "CICO",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on ponds, freshwater lakes and marshes, and on seasonally wet grasslands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: A resident of Mexico, Central America, and South America; occasionally seen in southern Texas. Considered accidental in Oklahoma (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Tail and wings are all white; large, heavy, upturned bill (compare with Wood Stork).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 152,
"SPECIES_ID": 566,
"CLO": 566,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black Vulture",
"LATINNAME": "Coragyps atratus",
"FAMILY_ID": "CATH",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.5 ****",
"SECRETS": "At times, gregarious; the observation of several hundred individuals at one location should not be unexpected.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a wide variety of habitats, except in heavily wooded regions and open plains (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds south and east of a line extending from southern Arizona through northern Mexico, central Texas, Oklahoma, southeastern Missouri, and southern Illinois to eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Migratory in the northern part of its range.\r\n\r\nField Marks: In flight, short tail and white patches at base of primary feathers on underside of wing distinguish this species from Turkey Vulture. Featherless head is gray (compared to red in Turkey Vulture).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Typically nests in the base of hollow trees or tree stumps, up to 15 feet above ground; or on floor of cave. Generally no nest materials are used.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 76 mm.; grayish-green or bluish-white in color, splotched or spotted with brown.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 37-48 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 80-94 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 153,
"SPECIES_ID": 567,
"CLO": 567,
"SPEC_NAME": "Turkey Vulture",
"LATINNAME": "Cathartes aura",
"FAMILY_ID": "CATH",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.0 ****",
"SECRETS": "In 1998, the vulture family was moved from the order Falconiformes and placed in the order Ciconiiformes (A.O.U. 1998).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open woodlands, or in open country near cliffs or forested areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds throughout Baja California, Mexico, and the United States, extending into southern Canada. Migratory in the northern parts of its range; generally winters from Mexico, Baja California, the Gulf coast, and Florida north to northern California, Arizona, Texas, the Ohio River valley, and Maryland (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In flight, comparatively long tail and two-toned coloration to underside of wings distinguish this species from Black Vulture. Featherless head is red (compared to gray in Black Vulture). When flying, wings are held in a slightly upward position, creating a 'V-shaped' or dihedral appearance.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Typically nests in the base of hollow trees or tree stumps, or on cave floors or cliff ledges. Generally no nest materials are used.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 71 mm.; dull white in color, splotched or spotted with brown.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 38-41 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 66-88 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 154,
"SPECIES_ID": 570,
"CLO": 570,
"SPEC_NAME": "California Condor",
"LATINNAME": "Gymnogyps californianus",
"FAMILY_ID": "CATH",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "An experimental population of California Condors has been introduced into the Grand Canyon area, beginning with releases in 1996.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in mountainous terrain; also in grasslands and oak savanna habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Formerly a resident of the coastal ranges of California, ranging from Monterey and San Benito Counties south to Ventura County, north to Santa Clara and San Mateo Counties, and east to the west slope of the Sierra Nevada and the Tehachapi Mountains. Historically, had a larger range north to British Columbia (A.O.U. 1998). Due to its endangered status, all remaining birds were removed from the wild and placed into captivity in 1987. Following the success of captive breeding program, birds have been reintroduced into the wild in southern California, beginning with initial releases in 1992.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Very large; nine foot wingspan. Underside of wing all dark with white wing linings. Featherless head is orange in color.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Typically nests on the floor of a cave or cliff ledge. Generally no nest materials are used.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1; 110 mm.; greenish- or bluish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the egg and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 42-50 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 180 days old. Parents may spend as long as 1.5 years to successfully produce one chick.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 155,
"SPECIES_ID": 573,
"CLO": 573,
"SPEC_NAME": "Osprey",
"LATINNAME": "Pandion haliaetus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PAND",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "6.1 ****",
"SECRETS": "The bottom surface of the Osprey's toes are covered with tiny protuberances or spicules which aid in its ability to catch and hold slippery fishes.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in estuaries and along rivers and lakes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska, northern Yukon, western and southern Mackenzie, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, central Quebec, and Newfoundland south to Baja California, northwestern Mexico, central Arizona, Texas, the Gulf coast, and Florida; occurs locally in much of range; most numerous along the coast, in the Great Lakes region, and in western part of continent. Generally winters from central California, southern Arizona, southern Texas, the Gulf coast, and Florida south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: White chest and belly; dark wrist patches (seen from below); white head with dark line through eye; dark brown back.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: May nest singly or in colonies. Nest is built from a wide variety of materials and reused in subsequent years, over time becoming very large. Nest may be placed in a live or dead tree, or on a platform erected specifically for Osprey's use; also may nest on other artificial structures, such as utility poles.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3; 61 mm.; whitish-pink or cinnamon in color, splotched or spotted with dark brown.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 32-43 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 48-59 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 156,
"SPECIES_ID": 581,
"CLO": 581,
"SPEC_NAME": "Hook-billed Kite",
"LATINNAME": "Chondrohierax uncinatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tropical deciduous and evergreen forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: A resident species, occurring from northern Mexico and southern Texas south through Mexico and into South America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Large, hooked bill; barring on chest and belly; long, banded tail. Sexual dimorphic: males are generally gray underneath while females are reddish-brown.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest, built of dead twigs and branches, is usually placed up to 20' high in tree.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-3; 45 mm.; white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 157,
"SPECIES_ID": 587,
"CLO": 587,
"SPEC_NAME": "Swallow-tailed Kite",
"LATINNAME": "Elanoides forficatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "5.4 ***",
"SECRETS": "Arguably the most elegant of the North American kites; your first sighting of this species will be forever indelibly imprinted upon your memory.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in lowland forested regions, also in open pine woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes Louisiana, southern Mississippi, southern Alabama, southern Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida; also breeds in southern Mexico south into Central and South America. Migrates to South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: White chest and belly; leading edge of underside of wing also white; black flight feathers. Long, forked tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest, built of dead twigs and lined with moss and lichens, is usually placed at top of tree, 60-100 or more feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 2; 47 mm.; white or cream-white in color, conspicuously blotched with brown.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 28 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 36-42 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 158,
"SPECIES_ID": 592,
"CLO": 592,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-tailed Kite",
"LATINNAME": "Elanus leucurus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "4.5 **",
"SECRETS": "Many people are confused over this species' name; originally named White-tailed Kite, it was once called Black-shouldered Kite, a name now reserved for closely related species in Africa and Eurasia.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a variety of open country habitats, such as savanna, abandoned fields, and marshes.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident from southwestern Washington to Baja California (and also in southern Arizona, and south into Mexico); and from Kansas, southern Oklahoma, southern Louisiana, southwestern Mississippi, peninsular Florida, and southern Texas south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Silverish-gray overall, with mostly white tail and black shoulder patches.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest, built of sticks and twigs and lined with grasses and other vegetation, is usually placed in tree, up to 60 feet above ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 42 mm.; white in color, conspicuously blotched with brown.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs; both sexes care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 30 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 35-40 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 159,
"SPECIES_ID": 595,
"CLO": 595,
"SPEC_NAME": "Snail Kite",
"LATINNAME": "Rostrhamus sociabilis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in fresh-water lakes, ponds, and marshes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident of Florida, including the Lake Okeechobee region and the Everglades basin (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Long tail, white at base and dark at tip; male is black overall, while female is generally dark brown with white forehead and chin; immatures are paler below, with heavy, dark brown streakings.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Often breeds in colonies. Nest, built of sticks, is generally a flat structure that is placed on marsh grass or up to 15 feet high in shrub or tree.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3; 44 mm.; white in color, with conspicuous brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 26-30 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 23-28 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 160,
"SPECIES_ID": 599,
"CLO": 599,
"SPEC_NAME": "Mississippi Kite",
"LATINNAME": "Ictinia mississippiensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.0",
"SECRETS": "Occasionally found north of its known breeding range, especially during the spring or early summer.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forests, open woodlands, and prairies, usually in riparian habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern Arizona, New Mexico, southeastern Colorado, Kansas, southern Missouri, southern Illinois, southern Indiana, western Kentucky and Tennessee, northwestern Mississippi, the coastal plain of Georgia and Alabama, and South Carolina south to north-central Florida, the Gulf coast, and Texas. Migrates to South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Silverish gray overall, with dark primaries and pale secondary feathers; dark tail (compare with White-tailed Kite).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest, built of sticks and lined with leaves and moss, is generally a flat structure that is placed up to 135 feet high in shrub or tree.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 1-2; 41 mm.; white or bluish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 31-32 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 34 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 161,
"SPECIES_ID": 613,
"CLO": 613,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-tailed Eagle",
"LATINNAME": "Haliaeetus albicilla",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on seacoasts, and along rivers or large lakes, usually in rocky tundra, forest, desert, or mountain habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in western Greenland and on the Aleutian Islands; generally winters within its breeding range or further south (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Wedge-shaped white tail with dark undertail coverts; lacks bright white head feathers of adult Bald Eagle (however, compare immature plumages of these two species).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is built of sticks, grasses, seaweeds, and other materials, and reused in subsequent years. Nest may be placed on a rocky ledge or up to 60 feet high in tree.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; dull white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 35-45 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 70 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 162,
"SPECIES_ID": 614,
"CLO": 614,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bald Eagle",
"LATINNAME": "Haliaeetus leucocephalus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "Threatened in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "9.2 ****",
"SECRETS": "Although the Bald Eagle is widely known to feed on fish, in the winter, it frequently follows waterfowl in migration and feeds on sick or wounded ducks and geese; also feeds on the afterbirth of cattle on ranches.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along large lakes or man-made impoundments, rivers, swamps, and coastal areas.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Generally does not breed in the Great Basin and most of the prairie and plains regions of North America. Breeding range extends from Alaska, northern Yukon, northwestern and southern Mackenzie, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, central Quebec, and Newfoundland south to Baja California, central Arizona, New Mexico, central Texas, and the Gulf coast from southeastern Texas to Florida; considered a very localized breeder in the interior of North America. Winter range generally extends south of a line that runs from southern Alaska and southern Canada southward throughout its breeding range. Occurs widely throughout North America during migration (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Adult, with white head and tail, is easily recognized. Immature is dark brown overall, with varying amount of white in tail; note splotched pattern of white on underside of body and wings (compare with Golden Eagle).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is built of sticks, and is lined with mosses, needles, grasses, and other materials; reused in subsequent years and over time becomes very large. Nest is usually placed in a live or dead tree, up to 180 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 76 mm.; pale white or bluish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 34-36 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 70-98 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 163,
"SPECIES_ID": 615,
"CLO": 615,
"SPEC_NAME": "Steller's Sea-Eagle",
"LATINNAME": "Haliaeetus pelagicus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along rivers and coast lines (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Asian species; considered accidental in Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In adult, leading edge of wing is white; note also the white thighs and wedge-shaped tail. Immature also has wedge-shaped tail; also note the large, orange-yellow bill. Compare immature with Bald Eagle.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 164,
"SPECIES_ID": 655,
"CLO": 655,
"SPEC_NAME": "Northern Harrier",
"LATINNAME": "Circus cyaneus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.6",
"SECRETS": "Formerly called the Marsh Hawk. Active at both dawn and dusk; as night falls, look for this species and/or the Short-eared Owl flying over grassy fields or marshes.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in grasslands, meadows, and marshes; also forages in cultivated fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska, Yukon, northwestern and southern Mackenzie, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, west-central Quebec, and Newfoundland south to northern Baja California, Arizona, New Mexico, central and eastern Texas, northwestern Arkansas, southern Illinois, Kentucky, West Virginia, and Virginia. Generally winters from southern Alaska, southwestern Canada, Montana, South Dakota, the Great Lakes region, New York, and Massachusetts south throughout the U.S. and into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Overall color for adult males is gray, brown for adult females, and cinnamon-brown for immatures. Long tail; wings are also long and have a slight crook to them; diagnostic in all plumages is the white rump. In flight, wings are often held above the horizontal, especially when hunting over fields.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, where it builds a platform made from sticks, grasses, and other vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-9, usually 5; 47 mm.; bluish-white in color, sometimes spotted with brown.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs; both sexes care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 31-32 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 30-35 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 165,
"SPECIES_ID": 703,
"CLO": 703,
"SPEC_NAME": "Sharp-shinned Hawk",
"LATINNAME": "Accipiter striatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "6.2 ****",
"SECRETS": "Characteristic 'flap-flap-glide, flap-flap-glide' flight pattern; readily seen during migration, especially in the fall during September and October.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in wooded areas and along woodland edge; in more open areas during migration.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska, Yukon, western and southern Mackenzie, Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, Ontario, central Quebec, and Newfoundland south to California, central Arizona, southern New Mexico, north-central Texas, northern portions of the Gulf states, South Carolina, and portions of Mexico; generally winters from southern Alaska, southern Canada, and Nova Scotia south throughout its breeding range into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Small size; short, rounded wings; long, narrow, square-cut tail. The Sharp-shinned Hawk usually flies with the \"wrists\" of the wing held in a slightly forward position, causing the small head to barely project beyond the leading edge of the wing (compare with Cooper's Hawk). Note that, as in most hawks, females are larger than males. Although there is no true size overlap between the Accipiter species, in the field it is nonetheless difficult to use size as the sole criteria for distinguishing between a female Sharp-shinned Hawk and a male Cooper's Hawk. While adults of all Accipiter species have bluish-gray (slightly duller and browner in females) upperparts and barred underparts, immature accipiters have brown upperparts and streaked underparts. (See also: Kaufman, Kenn. 1990. A field guide to advanced birding. Houghton Mifflin Co., Houston. 299 pp.)\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is built of sticks and twigs, and lined with strips of tree bark; it is placed up to 60-90 feet above the ground in a tree.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-8, usually 4-5; 38 mm.; white or bluish-white in color, blotched or marked with brown.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs; both sexes care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 32-35 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 24-27 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 166,
"SPECIES_ID": 707,
"CLO": 707,
"SPEC_NAME": "Cooper's Hawk",
"LATINNAME": "Accipiter cooperii",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "5.2 ****",
"SECRETS": "Characteristic 'flap-flap-glide, flap-flap-glide' flight pattern; compare with Red-shouldered Hawk. Less common than Sharp-shinned Hawk, but still readily seen during migration, especially in the fall during September and October.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in wooded areas that are interspersed with open country; also frequents bird feeders in search of prey in urban or suburban areas during the winter.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds from southern Canada south to northern Baja California, northern Mexico, southern Texas, the Gulf states, and central Florida; generally winters from southwestern Canada, Montana, southern portions of the Great Lakes states, southern Ontario, New York, and New England south throughout the U.S. and into Mexico and Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Medium-sized Accipiter; rounded wings; long, narrow tail, usually rounded at tip. In the Cooper's Hawk, the leading edge of the wing is held in more of a straight line, and the large head of this species projects noticeably beyond the leading edge of the wings (compare with Sharp-shinned Hawk). Note that, as in most hawks, females are larger than males. Although there is no true size overlap between the Accipiter species, in the field it is nonetheless difficult to use size as the sole criteria for distinguishing between a female Sharp-shinned Hawk and a male Cooper's Hawk. While adults of all Accipiter species have bluish-gray (slightly duller and browner in females) upperparts and barred underparts, immature accipiters have brown upperparts and streaked underparts. (See also: Kaufman, Kenn. 1990. A field guide to advanced birding. Houghton Mifflin Co., Houston. 299 pp.)\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is built of sticks and twigs, and lined with strips of tree bark; it is placed up to 60 feet above the ground in a tree.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 39 mm.; greenish-white or bluish-white in color, blotched or marked with brown.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 32-36 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 27-34 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 167,
"SPECIES_ID": 712,
"CLO": 712,
"SPEC_NAME": "Northern Goshawk",
"LATINNAME": "Accipiter gentilis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.0",
"SECRETS": "An irruptive species, goshawks periodically disperse southwards in fall and winter when prey is scarce. At this time, birds may be found as far south as Texas, Florida, and the Gulf coast states.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in wooded areas and along woodland edge.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in Alaska, throughout Canada (except for extreme northern portions), and south to California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, and the eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains; also in the Great Lakes region east through Pennsylvania, northern New Jersey, and northwestern Connecticut; and in the Appalachian mountains south to West Virginia and western Maryland; also breeds in the highlands of Mexico. Generally winters throughout its breeding range, but occasionally occurs much further south (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Largest of the Accipiters; in flight, the Northern Goshawk appears somewhat like the Sharp-shinned Hawk, but it is a noticeably larger bird and the tail is more likely to be fanned, giving the appearance of a buteo. During migration, the more powerful and laborious flight style of the Northern Goshawk can often be seen. Adult goshawks are readily identified by the distinctive facial patterns. Breast color of adult birds is gray barring. Immature goshawks show much heavier streaking on the underparts, where it extends onto the flanks, thighs, and undertail coverts. Immature goshawks also have dark bands that display in a zig-zag pattern. (See also: Kaufmann, Kenn. 1990. A field guide to advanced birding. Houghton Mifflin Co., Houston. 299 pp.)\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is built of sticks and twigs and lined with strips of bark and other vegetation. Nest is placed up to 60-75 feet above the ground in a tree.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 3-4; 59 mm.; bluish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 36-38 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 35-42 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 168,
"SPECIES_ID": 722,
"CLO": 722,
"SPEC_NAME": "Crane Hawk",
"LATINNAME": "Geranospiza caerulescens",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in mangroves and swampy woodlands, usually near water.\r\n\r\nDistribution: A resident of Mexico, Central America, and South America; considered accidental in southern Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note small head and bill; gray lores. Legs are red and tail is long and dark with two white bands. Body plumage is mostly slate-colored, with barring on lower belly.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 169,
"SPECIES_ID": 734,
"CLO": 734,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Black-Hawk",
"LATINNAME": "Buteogallus anthracinus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tropical deciduous and evergreen forests, usually near water (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: A resident of central Arizona, southwestern Utah, southern New Mexico, and western & southern Texas; range extends into Mexico and southwards into South America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Overall dark plumage; short tail has one broad white tail band and another narrow white tail band at tip. White patches at base of primaries show on underside of wing in flight. Compare closely with Black Vulture in flight.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is made from sticks and other vegetation and lined with twigs and leaves. Nest is placed up to 100 feet above the ground in a tree.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 1-2; 57 mm.; grayish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 34 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 170,
"SPECIES_ID": 738,
"CLO": 738,
"SPEC_NAME": "Harris' Hawk",
"LATINNAME": "Parabuteo unicinctus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-5.0 ***",
"SECRETS": "Harris' Hawks sometimes practice polyandry, where 1 female is mated with more than 1 male, & each male only mates with the 1 female. In this case, feeding of chicks at the nest is facilitated by the presence of the second male.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tropical deciduous forests, seasonally wet grasslands, and in dry lowland or montane scrub habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: A resident of Mexico (also extending south to Central and South America), Baja California, and southern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and south-central Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Long tail, white at base with a wide black band and a narrow, white, terminal tail band; overall, blackish-brown in color, with cinnamon-colored thighs, wing linings, and scapulars.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest consists of a platform of sticks, twigs, weeds, and roots which is lined with leaves and grasses; typically built in cactus or small tree, up to 30 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-5, usually 3-4; 54 mm.; white or bluish-white in color, sometimes with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 33-36 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 43-49 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 171,
"SPECIES_ID": 742,
"CLO": 742,
"SPEC_NAME": "Gray Hawk",
"LATINNAME": "Asturina plagiata",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tropical deciduous and evergreen forests and along forest edge (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern Arizona, and western and southern Texas south into Mexico, Central America, and South America; populations in the United States are migratory (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Upperparts solid gray; chest and belly paler, with gray barring. Underside of wings mostly white, with gray barring; compare closely with Broad-winged Hawk.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is built of sticks and lined with leaves and twigs. Nest is typically placed up to 60 feet above the ground in a tree; occasionally as high as 125 feet.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 51 mm.; white or bluish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation usually lasts about 32 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 30 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 172,
"SPECIES_ID": 744,
"CLO": 744,
"SPEC_NAME": "Roadside Hawk",
"LATINNAME": "Buteo magnirostris",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open and semi-open habitats; also in tropical deciduous forests.\r\n\r\nDistribution: A resident of Mexico, Central America, and South America; occasionally observed in Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Grayish-brown above; long tail, with alternating dark and light bands. Underparts are pale gray or off-white in color, with brown streakings on upper chest and cinnamon barring on lower chest and belly.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 173,
"SPECIES_ID": 745,
"CLO": 745,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-shouldered Hawk",
"LATINNAME": "Buteo lineatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.2 ****",
"SECRETS": "Call, 'kee-yer', is repeated often, especially during courtship activities or when disturbed. Immatures can be mistaken for Red-tailed Hawks, but note that streaking extends from chin down to the belly. Flight is Accipiter-like.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Typically found in bottomland forests and swamps, occasionally in pine woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: In the west, breeding range extends from northern California south (but west of the Sierra Nevada range) to Baja California. In the east, breeding range along the Atlantic coast extends from southern New Brunswick south to southern Florida; and west to southern Ontario, central Minnesota, eastern Nebraska, and Texas (includes the Gulf coast). Winters throughout its breeding range in the west; in the east, from central Mexico, the Gulf coast, and Florida north to eastern Kansas, central Missouri, the Ohio River Valley, northwestern Pennsylvania, southern New York, and southern New England (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Reddish shoulder visible in adult birds; in flight, also note rufous wing linings and underparts, the color of which varies in intensity between eastern and western populations. For a Buteo, this hawk has a comparatively Long tail. Immatures are streaked on the underparts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is built from sticks, twigs, weeds, mosses, lichens, and other vegetation, and is placed in a tree up to 60 feet or higher above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 3; 53 mm.; white or bluish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 28 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 39-45 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 174,
"SPECIES_ID": 747,
"CLO": 747,
"SPEC_NAME": "Broad-winged Hawk",
"LATINNAME": "Buteo platypterus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "1.4 *",
"SECRETS": "Call, 'ta-tee', discloses this hawk's presence in forested areas or during migration; often migrates in 'kettles', which may sometimes number in the hundreds, with many thousands being seen at a single spot in one day.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous and mixed coniferous-deciduous woodlands and along woodland edge (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central Manitoba and the Great Lakes region east to Nova Scotia and south to eastern Texas, the Gulf coast, and northern Florida; also breeds in Canada from east-central British Columbia east to central Saskatchewan. Generally winters in Mexico, Central America, and South America; also in southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A small Buteo. Brownish-gray above, with black and white bands in tail. Underside of wings in flight appear mostly white, with a black border around edges. Immatures are streaked underneath; compare with Red-shouldered Hawk.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is built from sticks and twigs, and is lined with lichens and leaves. Nest is placed in a tree up to 50 feet or higher above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-4, usually 2-3; 49 mm.; white or bluish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 28-32 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 35 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 175,
"SPECIES_ID": 749,
"CLO": 749,
"SPEC_NAME": "Short-tailed Hawk",
"LATINNAME": "Buteo brachyurus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tropical deciduous and evergreen forests, or in pine-oak forests; usually near open areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: A local resident of peninsular Florida; also breeds in Mexico, Central America, and South America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Upperparts are black above; the undersides show either: (1) black wing linings, chest, and belly (dark phase), or (2) white wing linings, chest, and belly (light phase). Also note short tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is built from sticks and twigs, and is lined with leaves. Nest is placed in a tree up to 100 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 53 mm.; white or bluish-white in color, sometimes with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 176,
"SPECIES_ID": 751,
"CLO": 751,
"SPEC_NAME": "Swainson's Hawk",
"LATINNAME": "Buteo swainsoni",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.8 *",
"SECRETS": "When it comes to migrating in large numbers, the Swainson's Hawk is the western counterpart to the Broad-winged Hawk. Migrating kettles once numbered several thousand or more birds.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: A bird of open country. Found in grassland and savanna habitats; also in agricultural fields with scattered trees (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes Yukon and Mackenzie, and extends from British Columbia east to southern Manitoba and south to southern California, Mexico, southern Texas, west-central Missouri and locally in western Illinois. Generally winters in South America, but a small wintering population has recently been discovered in the central valley of California; also winters irregularly in southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Grayish-brown above. Wings are narrow and more pointed than in most other Buteos. Dark flight feathers and white wing linings display a diagnostic contrast on underside of wing of light phase adults (there is also a dark phase bird). Lacks red tail of Red-tailed Hawk. In flight, outstretched wings are often held above the horizontal, similar to a Turkey Vulture.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is built from twigs, weeds, and grasses and is lined with bark, leaves, and feathers. Nest is placed in a tree up to 100 feet or higher above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 2-3; 57 mm.; white or bluish-green/white, lightly marked with brown.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 28-35 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 30 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 177,
"SPECIES_ID": 752,
"CLO": 752,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-tailed Hawk",
"LATINNAME": "Buteo albicaudatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open areas with scattered trees, such as savannas and large ranchlands.\r\n\r\nDistribution: A resident of Mexico and southern Texas; breeding range extends into Central America and South America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Tail is short and mostly white, with a black, subterminal band. In flight, shape of wings and pattern of wing linings and flight feathers suggests Swainson's Hawk; white underneath; dark brown upperparts with reddish shoulder patch.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is built from twigs and is lined with grasses and leaves. Nest is placed in a tree or bush up to 15 feet or more above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-4, usually 2-3; 59 mm.; white or bluish-white, lightly marked with brown.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 178,
"SPECIES_ID": 756,
"CLO": 756,
"SPEC_NAME": "Zone-tailed Hawk",
"LATINNAME": "Buteo albonotatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tropical deciduous and evergreen forests, pine-oak forests, and along forest edge, often near semi-open or open areas.\r\n\r\nDistribution: A resident of Baja California and Mexico; breeding range extends north into southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas; and south into Central and South America. Birds in the extreme northern part of range are migratory (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Blackish or slate-gray in color, with paler wing linings; wing linings show dark gray barring. Tail is long, with alternating light and dark gray bands. When soaring, wings are held above the horizontal (i.e., uptilted), as in Turkey Vulture; underside pattern of wing also suggests Turkey Vulture, which lacks obvious barring in wing linings.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is built from twigs, lined with leaves, and is typically placed in a tree up to 100 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 57 mm.; white or bluish-white in color, sometimes with yellowish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 35 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 179,
"SPECIES_ID": 758,
"CLO": 758,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-tailed Hawk",
"LATINNAME": "Buteo jamaicensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "3.2 ****",
"SECRETS": "Unlike the Red-shouldered Hawk, the Red-tailed Hawk prefers forest edge habitats for nesting; in fact, a mere row of trees separating two cultivated fields usually provides enough nesting habitat for a Red-tailed Hawk.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Occurs in a wide variety of habitats, ranging from open woodlands to grasslands and agricultural fields with scattered trees.\r\n\r\nDistribution: A very widely distributed hawk, nesting from Alaska and Canada south to Baja California, Mexico, the Gulf coast, and Florida; northern populations are migratory. Absent from northern Alaska and the northernmost areas of Canada.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Highly variable in plumage; colors range from mostly white (in rare albinistic form that is occasionally seen) and in the Krider's race of the Great Plains, to mostly dark in the dark phase birds of western North America. In most plumages, clearly defined belly band and dark bar on leading edge of wing are good field marks; the red tail in adult birds is also diagnostic, but is absent from dark phase birds of the Harlan's race. Call is often hear before birds are seen and is easily recognized; in fact, call is often heard in the background audio of many Hollywood movies.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is built from sticks and twigs, and is lined with bark and leaves. Nest is placed in a tree up to 70 feet or higher above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-5, usually 2-3; 60 mm.; white or bluish-white in color, sometimes with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 30-35 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 45-46 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 180,
"SPECIES_ID": 765,
"CLO": 765,
"SPEC_NAME": "Ferruginous Hawk",
"LATINNAME": "Buteo regalis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "5.2 ****",
"SECRETS": "Unlike many other hawks (which perch in trees or on utility poles while hunting), the Ferruginous Hawk may often perch on the ground while waiting for prey to come into view.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open areas, often in dry habitats.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from south-central British Columbia east to southwestern Manitoba and south to eastern Oregon, Nevada, northern Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Texas. Generally winters in the central and southern parts of its breeding range, extending south to Baja California and Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Reddish to rufous color to back and shoulders; white flash at base of primary feathers on upper side of wings. Tail is mostly white with a diffuse reddish color. On adult birds, also note the reddish feathering on legs (seen on birds flying overhead). Two color phases; dark phase form is rare.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is built from sticks and twigs, and is lined with grasses and other materials. Nest is placed in a tree up to 55 feet above the ground; nest may also be placed on a rock ledge of cliff face.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 2-4; 61 mm.; white or bluish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 28-33 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 44-48 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 181,
"SPECIES_ID": 766,
"CLO": 766,
"SPEC_NAME": "Rough-legged Hawk",
"LATINNAME": "Buteo lagopus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "An irruptive species, Rough-legged Hawks are more numerous in winters when food shortages occur in the northern part of its range. Occasionally, may eat prey that it holds in its talons while soaring.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open areas such as grasslands and agricultural fields. Breeds in tundra, or other barren habitats, usually near cliffs; also in open coniferous woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and northern Yukon east across the Arctic islands to northern Labrador; and south to northern and southeastern Mackenzie, northern Manitoba, extreme northern Ontario, southeastern Quebec, and Newfoundland. Generally winters in southern Canada and throughout much of the United States; less common or absent in the southeastern U.S. (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In flight, note mostly white tail with a dark, subterminal band. In light phase birds, also note solid black belly band and black wrist patches on underside of wings. Dark phase birds are similar to dark phase Harlan's race of Red-tailed Hawk, but usually have less barring on flight feathers (causing the flight feathers to appear cleaner and brighter white as seen from below). Known to hover in mid-air while hunting.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is built from sticks and other plant materials and is lined with grass and down feathers. Nest is typically placed on a rock ledge, but may also be placed in a tree up to 30 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-7, clutch size dependent on food availability, with more eggs being laid in years with abundant food; 57 mm.; white or greenish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 28-31 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 39-43 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 182,
"SPECIES_ID": 783,
"CLO": 783,
"SPEC_NAME": "Golden Eagle",
"LATINNAME": "Aquila chrysaetos",
"FAMILY_ID": "ACCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.8",
"SECRETS": "Golden Eagles have more of a West-to-East migration (as opposed to North-to-South). Note that birds are only found in much of the eastern U.S. only during the winter. Golden Eagles may attempt to take prey as large as a Wild Turkey!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open areas, or in forested areas adjacent to open country; usually in or near mountainous or hilly terrains.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska east across Yukon, western and southern Mackenzie, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec to Labrador. In the west, breeding range extends south to northern Baja California, the northern Mexico highlands, western Texas, and western Oklahoma & Kansas; in the east, breeding range extends locally south to Tennessee, Pennsylvania, and Maine. Generally winters in south-central Alaska and throughout much of its breeding range, except the extreme northern portions of Canadian breeding area, where populations are migratory; birds become more numerous in winter in the eastern United States, but are considered rare in the extreme southeast portion of the lower 48 states and along the Gulf coast (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Large, dark brown bird, with a golden sheen to neck and back of head, which is even visible in flight. In flight, immatures show clean, crisply defined white patches at base of flight feathers and white band in tail (white on wings of immature Bald Eagle is splotched and never looks as 'tidy' as it does in Golden Eagle). In adults, tail has faint light and dark bands, and lacks conspicuous white band of immature; adult birds also generally lack white wing patches seen in immature plumage. In areas where Bald and Golden Eagles both occur, you may find that Golden Eagles tend to soar (i.e., less flapping of wings) more often than Bald Eagles.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is built from sticks, weeds, and roots, and is lined with mosses, lichens, down feathers, and other materials; may be reused in subsequent years, over time becoming very large. Golden Eagles may nest on cliff ledges, or in trees (up to 100 feet above the ground), or on the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-4, usually 2; 75 mm.; white or pale-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 43-45 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 66-75 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 183,
"SPECIES_ID": 815,
"CLO": 815,
"SPEC_NAME": "Crested Caracara",
"LATINNAME": "Caracara plancus",
"FAMILY_ID": "FALC",
"STATUS": "Threatened in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "8.4 ****",
"SECRETS": "This species may frequently be seen on the ground or on fence posts; its long legs allow it to walk with more agility than is seen in other hawks or falcons.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in dry, open areas, including lowland scrub and montane scrub habitats, and grasslands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range includes central and southern Florida, and extends from northern Baja California, southern Arizona, central Texas, and southwestern Louisiana south into Mexico, Central America, and South America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Large head and long legs immediately set this species apart from other members of the falcon family; mostly blackish-brown in color, with bright orange facial skin at base of bill and whitish neck and throat.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is built from sticks and twigs, and is usually placed in a tree, up to 80 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 2-3; 59 mm.; white or pinkish-white, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 28 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 30-60 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 184,
"SPECIES_ID": 835,
"CLO": 835,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eurasian Kestrel",
"LATINNAME": "Falco tinnunculus",
"FAMILY_ID": "FALC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open and semi-open areas.\r\n\r\nDistribution: A native of Europe, Asia, and Africa; occasionally seen in Alaska; considered accidental in Greenland and on the Pacific & Atlantic coasts of Canada and the lower 48 states (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to American Kestrel, but larger and with only one dark stripe on side of face (instead of two, as in American Kestrel). Wings are red and tail is bluish-gray in adult male, which is opposite of the color pattern seen in adult male American Kestrel.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 185,
"SPECIES_ID": 841,
"CLO": 841,
"SPEC_NAME": "American Kestrel",
"LATINNAME": "Falco sparverius",
"FAMILY_ID": "FALC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.1",
"SECRETS": "This is perhaps the only North American falcon that regularly perches on telephone wires. In the southern part of its range, breeding pairs may raise two broods of young in one year.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open areas and semi-forested habitats; also in urban and suburban areas.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Very widely distributed; breeds from Mexico, Baja California, and Florida north to western Alaska, southern Yukon, western Mackenzie, northern Alberta, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, southern Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia. Birds in the northern half of breeding range are migratory.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Orangish tail. Bluish wings characteristic of the male; female has orangish-brown wings. Smallest of the North American falcons. Often hovers in mid-air while hunting. Call, which is frequently heard when birds are disturbed, is often imitated by Northern Mockingbird.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in cavities; may use cavity in tree, or hole in the side of a cliff, an artificial nest box specifically erected for it, or in cavities on the side of buildings (especially in cities).\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 4-5; 35 mm.; white or pinkish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 29-31 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 30-31 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 186,
"SPECIES_ID": 852,
"CLO": 852,
"SPEC_NAME": "Aplomado Falcon",
"LATINNAME": "Falco femoralis",
"FAMILY_ID": "FALC",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in savanna, wet grassland, and other open country habitats, usually with scattered trees.\r\n\r\nDistribution: A resident species of northern and central Mexico; breeding range extends south locally into Central and South America. Formerly occurred in southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and in west-central & southern Texas. Extirpated from much of its former range in northern Mexico and the United States; attempts at reintroduction in southern Texas are being made (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: White eye stripe; gray crown. Note the black patches on the side of the bird, which tend to form a band across the lower chest; thighs are light cinnamon in color.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Typically uses old, abandoned stick nests of ravens or other hawks; nest is usually in a small tree or yucca, up to 25 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4, usually 3; 45 mm.; white or pinkish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes apparently incubate the eggs and care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 187,
"SPECIES_ID": 853,
"CLO": 853,
"SPEC_NAME": "Merlin",
"LATINNAME": "Falco columbarius",
"FAMILY_ID": "FALC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "12.5 ****",
"SECRETS": "Merlins have increased in numbers in recent years. Once difficult to find during migration; now more frequently seen. Best time to see this species is in October, during the fall migration.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open coniferous woodlands, and open areas such as prairies, grasslands, and agricultural fields; in winter, may also frequent urban and suburban areas, where it preys on birds attracted to nearby bird feeders.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska east across northern Yukon, northwestern and central Mackenzie, southeastern Keewatin, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, and northern Quebec, to Newfoundland; and south to British Columbia, central Washington, eastern Oregon, Idaho, western South Dakota, the Great Lakes region, southern Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Maine. Winter range generally extends from south coastal Alaska and coastal British Columbia east across southern Canada and south into Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Several subspecies exist, which vary in overall plumage color; generally males are bluish-gray above, while females are dark brown. Both sexes are streaked below, and have an indistinct moustache. Narrow, pointed wings distinguish this species from the similar-sized Sharp-shinned Hawk.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Frequently uses old, abandoned tree nests of other birds (e.g., crows, magpies, or other hawks), up to about 35 feet above the ground; may reline nest with bark and feathers. Also nests in natural cavities, or even on the ground in a simple scrape.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-7, usually 4-5; 40 mm.; white in color, with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 28-32 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 30-35 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 188,
"SPECIES_ID": 855,
"CLO": 855,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eurasian Hobby",
"LATINNAME": "Falco subbuteo",
"FAMILY_ID": "FALC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested and semi-forested areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: A native of Europe, Asia, and Africa; occasionally seen in the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Peregrine Falcon, but smaller and heavily streaked on the underparts; thighs and undertail coverts on adult birds are reddish-brown in color.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 189,
"SPECIES_ID": 862,
"CLO": 862,
"SPEC_NAME": "Prairie Falcon",
"LATINNAME": "Falco mexicanus",
"FAMILY_ID": "FALC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.3",
"SECRETS": "Nest locations can sometimes be found by driving or walking through suitable habitat and scanning cliff faces for signs of white wash, evidence of past years' nesting attempts.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open areas, such as grasslands or prairies; in breeding season, usually near cliffs, where it nests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from south-central British Columbia east across southern Alberta, and southern Saskatchewan, to western North Dakota; and south to northern Baja California, southern Arizona, north-central Mexico, and western Texas (A.O.U. 1998). Generally winters throughout the breeding range (perhaps less numerous in southern Canada), south throughout Baja California and Mexico. Occasionally seen in migration and in winter in Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, and other mid-Western states.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Upperparts are grayish-brown; underparts are pale white with heavy spots or streaks. In flight, black axillaries are diagnostic (compare with Peregrine Falcon). Facial markings, including white eyebrow, are also different from Peregrine Falcon.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Usually nests in a simple scrape in the dirt on a mountain or canyon cliff ledge; also may utilize the nests of other cliff-nesting species, such as ravens.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-7, usually 4-5; 52 mm.; white or pinkish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 29-33 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 35-42 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 190,
"SPECIES_ID": 866,
"CLO": 866,
"SPEC_NAME": "Gyrfalcon",
"LATINNAME": "Falco rusticolus",
"FAMILY_ID": "FALC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Because the Gyrfalcon seldom visits the U.S. & is uncommon to rare throughout its range, it is 1 of the most treasured & revered of all the falcons; any Gyrfalcon which appears in the U.S. is sure to draw tens, if not hundreds, of birders.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on the Arctic tundra, and in other open country habitats, including mountainous and coastal areas; sometimes in open coniferous forests. Cliffs are used for nest sites (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska east across northern Yukon and the Arctic Islands to Greenland; and south to northwestern British Columbia, southern Yukon, northern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, central Quebec, and northern Labrador. Generally winters throughout the breeding range, and occasionally as far south as southern Canada and the extreme northern United States; on rare occasions, winters much further south (e.g., central California, Kansas, and Virginia) (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Our largest North American falcon, the Gyrfalcon has three color phases: gray, white, and dark. In all plumages, note large size and long tail, which extends noticeably beyond wing tips in perched bird. Compare with Peregrine Falcon.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest usually consists of a scrape on a cliff ledge; occasionally lays eggs in old cliff or tree nests of ravens or hawks.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-8, usually 4; 59 mm.; white or yellowish-white in color, with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 34-36 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 49-56 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 191,
"SPECIES_ID": 867,
"CLO": 867,
"SPEC_NAME": "Peregrine Falcon",
"LATINNAME": "Falco peregrinus",
"FAMILY_ID": "FALC",
"STATUS": "Endangered",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "There is perhaps no greater spectacle than that of witnessing the hunting activity of a Peregrine Falcon. Even a Mallard in mid-flight is no match for a Peregrine! Best time to see migrating Peregrines is late September to mid October.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open country habitats, including tundra, mountainous and coastal areas, and marshes; usually near water. Also in open forested areas. Cliffs are used for nest sites (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: The Peregrine Falcon has a nearly worldwide distribution, excluding Antarctica and most of the Pacific islands. In North America, breeding range extends from Alaska east across northern Mackenzie and the Arctic islands to Labrador; and south to Baja California, northern Mexico, Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas. Also breeds in Greenland. Generally winters in southern Alaska and coastal British Columbia; also in many areas of the central and southern United States, south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998). Formerly bred in the mid-west and eastern United States, but was extirpated east of the Mississippi River due to use of DDT and related pesticides. Has been reintroduced to many eastern U.S. cities through a successful captive breeding and release program.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Crown and back of neck are black or dark brown, with an extension down side of face which suggests that this falcon wears a 'helmet'; this feature is lacking in the Merlin and Prairie Falcon. Immatures are heavily streaked underneath; adults are barred underneath. In flight, lacks black axillaries of Prairie Falcon.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest usually consists of a scrape on a cliff ledge; on rare occasions, may use old tree nest of ravens or other raptors; in southern U.S., prior to being extirpated, occasionally known to nest in trees. Tends to reuse the same nest site, year after year.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 3-4; 53 mm.; white, buff, or pinkish-cream in color, with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation usually lasts about 29-32 days, and young are able to fly when they are approximately 35-42 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 192,
"SPECIES_ID": 871,
"CLO": 871,
"SPEC_NAME": "Plain Chachalaca",
"LATINNAME": "Ortalis vetula",
"FAMILY_ID": "CRAC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in second growth habitats and brushy woodlands; also along forest edge.\r\n\r\nDistribution: A resident of southern Texas and the lowlands of eastern Mexico, extending south to Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Upperparts are olive-gray in color; tail is long and dark green with a white tip. Throat has a small patch of bare skin which is usually gray but becomes pink or rose-colored in breeding male.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is a loose platform of sticks and leaves, and is typically placed in a bush or tree, up to 35 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 2-3; 58 mm.; pale white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs; both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 25 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14-21 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 193,
"SPECIES_ID": 953,
"CLO": 953,
"SPEC_NAME": "Himalayan Snowcock",
"LATINNAME": "Tetraogallus himalayensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAS",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Once it became known that this species was successfully established in the Ruby Mountains of NV, avid birders began making trips there to add it to their life list; but beware: this bird inhabits very inhospitable, mountainous terrain!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in areas of limited vegetation on steep, rocky slopes; and in alpine meadow habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Eurasian species; introduced (in 1963) and now established in the Ruby and East Humboldt mountains of northeastern Nevada (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note large size. Light brown tail; light brown streakings on wings and lower back. Otherwise, grayish-brown with darker barring and streaks on chest and lower belly; front of neck and head mostly white, with two reddish-brown crescent-shaped streaks on neck.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: As in most members of the Phasianidae, the Himalayan Snowcock likely nests on the ground; however, little information is available.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 194,
"SPECIES_ID": 957,
"CLO": 957,
"SPEC_NAME": "Chukar",
"LATINNAME": "Alectoris chukar",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAS",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-6.1 **",
"SECRETS": "Somewhat difficult to find in parts of its range; however, once located, it frequently allows good viewing opportunities as it is rather tame.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on dry, steep, rocky hillsides or mountain slopes; or in desert habitats on flat and open terrain (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: A Eurasian species; introduced and now established in North America, where it is found locally from south-central British Columbia east across northern Idaho and Montana; and south to southern California, Nevada, northern Arizona, and western Colorado (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note red legs and bill; grayish-brown above, with a white throat outlined in black; sides and belly creamy-white in color with heavy black barring on sides.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a simple scrape or depression that is lined with grasses and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 7-20, usually 9-16; 43 mm.; yellowish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young (role of male in rearing of young not clearly known). Incubation lasts approximately 22-24 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 7-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 195,
"SPECIES_ID": 1004,
"CLO": 1004,
"SPEC_NAME": "Grey Partridge",
"LATINNAME": "Perdix perdix",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAS",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.4 *",
"SECRETS": "Hunters also refer to this species as Hungarian Partridge or, more simply, 'Huns'.",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "Gray Partridge",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open country habitats, such as grasslands and agricultural fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: A Eurasian species; introduced and now established in North America, where it is found locally from southern British Columbia east across central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, southern Ontario, and southwestern Quebec to Nova Scotia; and south to northern Nevada, northern Utah, northern Wyoming, northeastern Nebraska, northern Missouri, extreme northern Illinois, northern New York, and northern Vermont (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A grayish bird with a white belly; reddish brown upperparts and sides. Reddish-brown also on face and throat, brighter on male and paler on female. Male also has dark, reddish-brown belly patch.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a simple scrape or depression that is lined with grasses, weeds, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-22, usually 15-17; 37 mm.; olive in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs; both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 23-25 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 13-15 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 196,
"SPECIES_ID": 1089,
"CLO": 1089,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Pheasant",
"LATINNAME": "Phasianus colchicus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAS",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.0 ****",
"SECRETS": "Perhaps the only bird capable of giving one a heart attack: while concealed in cover, it may allow one to approach closely; then it explodes from underfoot with rustling wings and loud vocalization.",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "Ring-necked Pheasant",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open country habitats, such as grasslands, abandoned fields, agricultural areas, meadows, and edges of roadsides and railroad right-of-ways.\r\n\r\nDistribution: An Asian species; introduced and now widely established in North America, where it is found from southern British Columbia east across central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southwestern Manitoba, southern Ontario, and southwestern Quebec to Nova Scotia; and south to northern Baja California, Utah, New Mexico, Texas, northwestern Oklahoma, Kansas, northern Missouri, and central Illinois east to the Atlantic coast, extending south along the coast to North Carolina (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Brightly colored plumage, large size, and long tail of male is unmistakable. Female is buffy-brown in color; where range overlaps with Sharp-tailed Grouse, female can be told from that species by the longer tail which lacks white coloration.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a simple scrape or depression that is lined with grasses and weeds.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-15 or more, usually 10-12; 42 mm.; brownish-olive (or occasionally light blue) in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 23-25 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 197,
"SPECIES_ID": 1105,
"CLO": 1105,
"SPEC_NAME": "Blue Grouse",
"LATINNAME": "Dendragapus obscurus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAS",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-3.6 ***",
"SECRETS": "The vocalization of courting males includes a series of hoots that carries a great distance and resembles the sound of air being blown over the top of an open coke bottle.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous woodlands, usually near open country habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident in western North America, where it is found from southeastern Alaska east to southwestern Mackenzie and southward in mountainous areas to northwestern California and the Sierra Nevada mountains, western Nevada, eastern Nevada, eastern Arizona, southwestern and north-central New Mexico, and western and central Colorado (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Males are dark gray or bluish-gray in color; note black tail, which has a gray terminal band. Some males in the Rocky Mountains have a mostly black tail with a narrow, indistinct gray terminal band. A white ring of feathers encircle patch of yellow or red skin on side of neck of male. Females are typically mottled brown above, while lower breast and belly are uniformly gray in color; as in the male, tail is dark, with a gray terminal band.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a simple scrape or depression that is lined with grasses, pine needles, and leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-16, usually 7-10; 50 mm.; pinkish-buff in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 25-26 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 7-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 198,
"SPECIES_ID": 1106,
"CLO": 1106,
"SPEC_NAME": "Willow Ptarmigan",
"LATINNAME": "Lagopus lagopus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAS",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open tundra habitats, less frequently in openings within boreal coniferous forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska east across northern Canada in the Arctic tundra and Arctic islands to Greenland, and south to central Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, northeastern Manitoba, northern Ontario, central Quebec, and Newfoundland. In the west, breeding range extends south to east-central British Columbia and west-central Alberta (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note white wings and black tail; body plumage changes from darker, mottled coloration in summer to nearly all white in winter. Males are generally mottled with a deep, reddish-brown color in breeding season; in all white winter plumage, it lacks black eye line seen in male Rock Ptarmigan. Females are difficult to separate from female Rock Ptarmigan.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a simple scrape or depression that is lined with grasses and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-14, usually 7; 43 mm.; bright red initially, over time becomes yellowish with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs; both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21-22 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 199,
"SPECIES_ID": 1107,
"CLO": 1107,
"SPEC_NAME": "Rock Ptarmigan",
"LATINNAME": "Lagopus mutus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAS",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on barren and rocky slopes of the Arctic tundra, and in alpine areas; in winter, also in thickets and forest edge habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska east across northern Canada in the Arctic tundra and Arctic islands to Greenland, and south to central Mackenzie, central Keewatin, Southampton Island, northern Quebec, northern Labrador, and Newfoundland. In the west, breeding range extends south to western British Columbia (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note white wings and black tail; body plumage changes from darker, mottled coloration in summer to nearly all white in winter. Males are generally mottled with a dark brown or grayish-brown color in breeding season; in all white winter plumage, black eye line separates it from Willow Ptarmigan. Females are difficult to separate from female Willow Ptarmigan.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a simple scrape or depression that is lined with grasses, mosses, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-13, varies annually; 42 mm.; cinnamon or buff-colored, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21-24 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 200,
"SPECIES_ID": 1108,
"CLO": 1108,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-tailed Ptarmigan",
"LATINNAME": "Lagopus leucurus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAS",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in sparsely vegetated rocky areas of the alpine tundra (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska, northern Yukon, and southwestern Mackenzie south to southern British Columbia and the Cascade Mountains of Washington; locally distributed in the Rocky Mountains from southeastern British Columbia and southwestern Alberta south through central-southern Wyoming and Colorado to northern New Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note white wings and white tail; white tail separates it from other species of ptarmigans. Body plumage changes from darker, mottled coloration in summer to all white in winter. Breeding birds are generally mottled with a dark, blackish-brown color.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a simple scrape or depression that is lined with grasses, lichens, leaves, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-16, usually 3-9; 43 mm.; pinkish-buff in color, finely dotted or blotched with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 22-24 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 7-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 201,
"SPECIES_ID": 1115,
"CLO": 1115,
"SPEC_NAME": "Ruffed Grouse",
"LATINNAME": "Bonasa umbellus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAS",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.6",
"SECRETS": "During the breeding season, drumming males may be heard throughout the night, especially on a full moon.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested areas.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends from Alaska and Yukon across southwestern Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, southern Quebec, southern Labrador, and Prince Edward Island to Nova Scotia; and south to northwestern California, northeastern Oregon, Idaho, Utah, northwestern Colorado, northern Wyoming, southern portions of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, northern North Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Indiana, Ohio, and south into the Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia and western South Carolina (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark and light edges to feathers on wings and back create a mottled appearance. Underparts are pale gray, with gray or rust-colored barring, especially on flanks. Note that there are two color phases: red and gray. Tail has a dark, subterminal band. A slight crest adorns the head.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a simple scrape or depression that is lined with leaves, pine needles, twigs, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-15, usually 9-12; 39 mm.; Buff-colored, sometimes with brown spots.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 23-24 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 202,
"SPECIES_ID": 1116,
"CLO": 1116,
"SPEC_NAME": "Sage Grouse",
"LATINNAME": "Centrocercus urophasianus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAS",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.4",
"SECRETS": "During the months of April and May, a visit to a Sage Grouse lek will yield an unforgettable experience: there is perhaps no other grouse or grouse-like bird that has a more impressive breeding display.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on open plains, and in rocky foothill, plateau, or mountain slope habitats where sagebrush occurs (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Locally distributed within its resident breeding range, which extends from Washington, southeastern Alberta, southwestern Saskatchewan, and southwestern North Dakota south to eastern California, Nevada, Utah, and western Colorado (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A very large grouse. Tail feathers are long and pointed; note also large black patch on belly. Compare with the Sharp-tailed Grouse, which is smaller in size and has white coloration in the tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a simple scrape or depression that is lined with grasses and leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-15, usually 6-9; 55 mm.; olive or yellowish in color, marked with small, brown spots.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 25-27 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 7-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 203,
"SPECIES_ID": 1117,
"CLO": 1117,
"SPEC_NAME": "Spruce Grouse",
"LATINNAME": "Falcipennis canadensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAS",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "In some parts of its range, it can be quite elusive; be patient, & be willing to revisit known occupied sites several times. Eventually, you will be rewarded with your first Spruce Grouse sighting! Rather tame; allows close approach.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coniferous forest habitats, especially pine and spruce forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends from Alaska and northern Yukon east across northern Mackenzie, southwestern Keewatin, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, and northern Quebec to Labrador; and south to central British Columbia, west-central and central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, northern New York, and northern New England. Also occurs in the United States in the following areas: western Montana, Idaho, northern Oregon, and Washington (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark tail with a brown terminal band; in some birds, brown terminal band may be absent. In male, note black on throat and breast; females have dark barring and white spots on the undersides. Also, note that there are two color phases (red and gray) for females. Compare with Blue Grouse.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a simple scrape or depression that is lined with grasses, leaves, feathers, and twigs.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-10, usually 4-7; 44 mm.; creamy-buff or pinkish-buff in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 17-24 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 204,
"SPECIES_ID": 1118,
"CLO": 1118,
"SPEC_NAME": "Sharp-tailed Grouse",
"LATINNAME": "Tympanuchus phasianellus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAS",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.3",
"SECRETS": "This sometimes hard-to-find bird is perhaps best looked for in April and throughout May, when males may be seen displaying for females on the breeding grounds or 'leks'.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in grasslands and oak savanna habitats, usually with scattered woodlands; also in brushy hills and dry areas with sagebrush (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends from Alaska and Yukon east across northwestern Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario to west-central Quebec; and south to eastern Washington, Idaho, northern Utah, Colorado, north-central Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, and the Great Lakes region (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: 'V'-shaped markings on the undersides separates this species from prairie chickens. Also, note the tail, which is somewhat wedge-shaped and terminates with a narrow, extended tip; tail is white on the sides, a mark that allows one to distinguish this species from other, similarly-appearing grouse.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a simple scrape or depression that is lined with grasses, leaves, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-17, usually 10-14; 43 mm.; olive, brown, or dark buff in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21-24 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 7-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 205,
"SPECIES_ID": 1119,
"CLO": 1119,
"SPEC_NAME": "Greater Prairie-chicken",
"LATINNAME": "Tympanuchus cupido",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAS",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "5.2",
"SECRETS": "The eastern form of the Greater Prairie-chicken was known as the Heath Hen. Heath Hens are now extinct, but once inhabited brushy scrub oak and forested areas. Heath Hens were last seen in 1932.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tall grass prairie habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Very locally distributed from the Great Lakes region and North Dakota south to southeastern Wyoming, northeastern Colorado, Kansas, northeastern Oklahoma, Missouri, and southern Illinois; a disjunct population is also found in Texas (A.O.U. 1998). Breeding range has been diminished significantly from its original size.\r\n\r\nField Marks: The dominant color pattern on the upperparts and underparts is alternate barring of dark brown and pale white or buff colors. Tail is dark in males, and is barred in females. Note also the pinnae, which are long feathers on the side of the neck that can be erected and displayed as ear-like structures. Orange neck sacs of males are inflated as part of courtship display in the spring.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a simple scrape or depression that is lined with grasses, leaves, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 7-17, usually 10-12; 45 mm.; olive in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 23-24 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 7-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 206,
"SPECIES_ID": 1120,
"CLO": 1120,
"SPEC_NAME": "Lesser Prairie-chicken",
"LATINNAME": "Tympanuchus pallidicinctus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAS",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in short grass prairie habitats, usually with scattered shrubs and trees; also on adjacent agricultural lands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: A locally distributed resident whose breeding range extends from southeastern Colorado to south-central Kansas; and south to southeastern New Mexico, western Oklahoma, and the northern Texas panhandle (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Greater Prairie-chicken; Lesser Prairie-chickens are slightly smaller and are not as heavily barred on the undersides. Neck sac of male is reddish-orange in color.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a simple scrape or depression that is lined with grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 11-13; 42 mm.; white or yellowish-white in color, with pale brown or olive markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 22-24 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 7-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 207,
"SPECIES_ID": 1121,
"CLO": 1121,
"SPEC_NAME": "Wild Turkey",
"LATINNAME": "Meleagris gallopavo",
"FAMILY_ID": "PHAS",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "10.0 ****",
"SECRETS": "Like rails, male turkeys sometimes respond to loud noises by vocalizing. Hunters take advantage of this fact by imitating the call of the Barred Owl; in response, a male gobbler may vocalize, giving away its location to the hunter!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous or mixed deciduous-coniferous forests and open woodland habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Locally distributed within its breeding range, which extends from southern and eastern Wisconsin, southern Quebec, New York, southern Vermont, southern New Hampshire, and southwestern Maine south to Mexico, Texas, the Gulf coast, and Florida; and west to northern Arizona, New Mexico, Kansas, eastern Nebraska, southeastern South Dakota, and Iowa. It has also been reintroduced in many areas of its former range north of Mexico, and has become established, at least locally, as far north as southern British Columbia, Washington, Idaho, southern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, and southeastern Minnesota (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: The Wild Turkey is the largest game bird in North America; note the bare skin on the head and upper neck. Male has reddish wattles on the throat and foreneck. Body feathers are dark and iridescent. Male has a tuft of feathers on the breast, sometimes called a beard; this is occasionally also seen in females.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a simple scrape or depression that is lined with leaves and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-20, usually 10-12; 63 mm.; buff to white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 27-28 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 6-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 208,
"SPECIES_ID": 1126,
"CLO": 1126,
"SPEC_NAME": "Mountain Quail",
"LATINNAME": "Oreortyx pictus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ODON",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.5 *",
"SECRETS": "Compare head plumes with California Quail: note that in Mountain Quail there are two plumes that are swept backward; whereas in California Quail there is only one head plume which droops forward over the head.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pine-oak woodlands, pinyon-juniper woodlands, and in sagebrush, chaparral, and other brushy habitats with dense vegetation (A.O.U. 1998). Usually found at elevations of 1500 feet or higher, but may descend to lower elevations for the winter.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southwestern British Columbia, western Washington, and central Idaho south through California and Nevada mountains to northern Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Long, slender head plumes, dark gray breast, and reddish brown throat outlined with white. Flanks are reddish-brown in color with bright white bars.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a simple scrape or depression that is lined with leaves and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-15, usually 9-10; 35 mm.; cream to reddish-buff in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21-24 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 209,
"SPECIES_ID": 1127,
"CLO": 1127,
"SPEC_NAME": "Scaled Quail",
"LATINNAME": "Callipepla squamata",
"FAMILY_ID": "ODON",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-3.4 ****",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in scrub, grassland, montane, and second-growth habitats, usually in dry or arid conditions (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from eastern Arizona, northern New Mexico, east-central Colorado, and southwestern Kansas south through western Oklahoma to Texas and Mexico.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Overall, grayish or grayish-brown in color, with white streaks on flanks and a small crest of feathers that are tipped with white. Dark edges to breast and back feathers create a scaly appearance, for which it is named.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a simple scrape or depression that is lined with feathers and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 9-16, usually 12-14; 32 mm.; white to cream in color, sometimes with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21-23 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 210,
"SPECIES_ID": 1129,
"CLO": 1129,
"SPEC_NAME": "California Quail",
"LATINNAME": "Callipepla californica",
"FAMILY_ID": "ODON",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.2 *",
"SECRETS": "In the winter, California Quail form large coveys, some of which may number more than 200 birds; many of these birds may be observed in the evening, just before going to roost.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in brushy and grassy habitats, including riparian woodlands, oak woodlands, chaparral/sagebrush, second-growth areas, and agricultural lands.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Baja California to southern Oregon, and east to western Nevada; has been introduced further north to southwestern British Columbia and east to Idaho and Utah (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Brown wings, teardrop-shaped head plume. Body color generally grayish-brown, but varies in color throughout species' range. Male has black throat outlined with white. Underparts have a scaly appearance (compare with Gambel's Quail).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a simple scrape or depression that is lined with leaves and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 12-16; 31 mm.; white to cream in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 18-23 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 211,
"SPECIES_ID": 1130,
"CLO": 1130,
"SPEC_NAME": "Gambel's Quail",
"LATINNAME": "Callipepla gambelii",
"FAMILY_ID": "ODON",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.0 *",
"SECRETS": "Gambel's Quail occasionally lays its eggs in the old nests of Greater Roadrunner, thrashers, or Cactus Wrens, sometimes as high as 10 feet above the ground (Ehrlich, Dobkin, and Wheye 1988).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in desert habitats with brush or small trees; or in desert riparian woodlands; also in suburbs and agricultural lands adjacent to desert habitat (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern California, southern Nevada, southern Utah, western Colorado, and New Mexico south to northeastern Baja California, Mexico, and western Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Upperparts generally grayish in color; teardrop-shaped head plume. Reddish-brown sides with white streaks; cream-colored belly. Male has black patch on center of belly; and black throat outlined with white (compare with California Quail).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a simple scrape or depression that is lined with sticks, feathers, and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 9-14, usually 10-12; 31 mm.; pale white to buff in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21-24 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 212,
"SPECIES_ID": 1132,
"CLO": 1132,
"SPEC_NAME": "Northern Bobwhite",
"LATINNAME": "Colinus virginianus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ODON",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "-2.5 ****",
"SECRETS": "The call of the bobwhite, although heard often in April and May, may occasionally be heard well into September, October, or even November.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in grasslands, brushy areas, second-growth habitats and open woodlands, and in agricultural fields.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern Wyoming south to eastern New Mexico and southern Mexico; and east to southern New York and Massachusetts, the Gulf coast, and Florida. It has been introduced into Washington and Oregon (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Reddish-brown upperparts; underparts generally white with reddish-brown mottling on sides and black mottling on breast and belly. Note white throat and eye stripe in male; these features are buff-colored in female.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a simple scrape or depression that is lined with grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-28 (and sometimes more), usually 12-16; 30 mm.; white to creamy or buff in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 23-24 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 6-7 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 213,
"SPECIES_ID": 1150,
"CLO": 1150,
"SPEC_NAME": "Montezuma Quail",
"LATINNAME": "Cyrtonyx montezumae",
"FAMILY_ID": "ODON",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in grasslands, pine-oak forests, and in dry, montane scrub habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident from Mexico north to western Texas, southern New Mexico, and central Arizona.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black-and-white head pattern of male is easily recognized; also note rounded, brown crest; sides are dark with white spots. Female is similar in shape (note plump body and short tail), with a light brown, mottled appearance.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed on the ground and consists of a simple scrape or depression that is lined with grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-14, usually 10-12; 32 mm.; white to creamy in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 25-26 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 214,
"SPECIES_ID": 1182,
"CLO": 1182,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow Rail",
"LATINNAME": "Coturnicops noveboracensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "RALL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "This species and the Black Rail are arguably the most coveted rails in North America; in the mid-West and southeast regions of the U.S., your best opportunity to find Yellow Rails in migration is from late Sept. to early Oct.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in shallow marshes and meadows, as well as in dense grass fields or rice fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northwestern Alberta and southern Mackenzie east across central Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, and central Quebec to Maine; and south to Oregon, southern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, North Dakota, and the Great Lakes region. Winter range generally extends from coastal North Carolina south to Florida and west through the central and southern portions of the Gulf states to southeastern Texas. In winter, it is also occasionally found in Arkansas, and from Oregon south to southern California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Small size; short bill (compare with Sora). Upperparts are brownish-yellow with dark stripes and white edgings to feathers; in flight, diagnostic field mark is the white secondaries which show as conspicuous wing patches.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a cup which is woven from grasses and placed on bare ground or within a patch of grassy vegetation. Nest is sometimes placed over water.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-10, usually 8-9; 28 mm.; yellowish-buff in color, usually with reddish-brown markings at large end of egg.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs. Incubation lasts approximately 16-18 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 35 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 215,
"SPECIES_ID": 1201,
"CLO": 1201,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black Rail",
"LATINNAME": "Laterallus jamaicensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "RALL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Perhaps the most elusive of all the rails. The song of this species is both easy to learn and also easy to overlook. However, once a Black Rail begins singing in earnest, its song is loud and, if you're observant, difficult to miss.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshes and wet savanna habitat (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds locally at disjunct locations in the following states: California, Arizona, Kansas, Illinois, Ohio, Texas, and along the Atlantic coast from New York south to Florida. Winter range is generally confined to coastal California, the Imperial and lower Colorado River valleys; the Gulf coast, and the Atlantic coast from Florida north to North Carolina (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Our smallest North American rail. Adults are generally black overall, with tiny white dots on the upperparts and fine white barring on flanks. Nape is reddish-brown in color.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup which is woven from grasses, sedges, or other aquatic vegetation; and is placed on damp ground or a mat of dead grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-13, usually 6-10; 26 mm.; buffy-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs. Incubation lasts approximately 16-20 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 216,
"SPECIES_ID": 1226,
"CLO": 1226,
"SPEC_NAME": "Clapper Rail",
"LATINNAME": "Rallus longirostris",
"FAMILY_ID": "RALL",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "1.9",
"SECRETS": "Where their range overlaps with King Rails, Clapper Rails are known to hybridize with King Rails. Some authorities, in fact, consider King and Clapper Rails to be representatives of the same species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshes (usually salt marshes, sometimes fresh-water marshes) and mangrove swamps (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Predominantly coastal in distribution. Along the west coast it is resident from central California south to Baja California and the west coast of Mexico; it is also found in the Imperial and lower Colorado River valleys of southeastern California and south-central Arizona. Along the Gulf coast, it is found along the east coast of Mexico, north to Texas and east to southern Florida; breeding range continues along the Atlantic coast from Florida north to Connecticut. Some migration is observed in birds from the northernmost portion of breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare closely with King Rail. Plumage is variable, and usually is not as rust-colored as the King Rail. Clapper Rails tend to be grayish-brown in color, with dark streaking on upperparts, grayish cheeks, and white undertail coverts. Breast is buff-colored, but becomes more rust-colored in the west, with some birds strongly resembling King Rails. Wing coverts are olive-colored (compared with a tawny or rust color in King Rail).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a platform or cup which is woven from grasses and sedges and which is placed in a clump of marsh grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-14, usually 7-11; 42 mm.; buff or olive-buff in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 20-23 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 63-70 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 217,
"SPECIES_ID": 1227,
"CLO": 1227,
"SPEC_NAME": "King Rail",
"LATINNAME": "Rallus elegans",
"FAMILY_ID": "RALL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-4.2 ***",
"SECRETS": "Despite its large size, the King Rail is notoriously difficult to see. Look for it at the peak of the spring migration in April or May, or on its wintering grounds. Compare call with Virginia Rail.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in fresh-water marshes and rice fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from east-central South Dakota east through southern Ontario to Massachusetts; and south through eastern Wyoming, eastern Nebraska, and central Oklahoma, to western Texas and southern Florida; breeding range extends southward into Mexico. Generally winters from Florida, southern Georgia, southern portions of the Gulf states, and southern Texas south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare closely with Clapper Rail. Plumage is generally more rust-colored than seen in Clapper Rail. Wing coverts are also rust colored (compared with olive-brown wing coverts of Clapper Rail).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a platform which is woven from grasses, sedges, and other aquatic vegetation, and which is placed in a clump of marsh grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-15, usually 10-12; 41 mm.; pale buff in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21-24 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 63 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 218,
"SPECIES_ID": 1229,
"CLO": 1229,
"SPEC_NAME": "Virginia Rail",
"LATINNAME": "Rallus limicola",
"FAMILY_ID": "RALL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "4.2",
"SECRETS": "When seen, Virginia Rails can be readily distinguished from King Rails; nevertheless, it is still important to learn the various calls of the Virginia Rail, as some of its vocalizations are similar to the King Rail.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshes and wet fields with tall grass (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern British Columbia east across central Canada and the Great Lakes region to New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and southwestern Newfoundland; and south to northwestern Baja California, Arizona, New Mexico, west-central Texas, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, northern Indiana, Ohio, and western Virginia. In the southeast, also breeds south to northern Georgia, coastal North Carolina, and northern Alabama. Winter range generally includes an area from southern British Columbia south to Baja California, and areas south of a line running from Utah east through central Texas and the Gulf coast states, and north to southern New England; occasionally birds are observed further north in winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to a King Rail, but smaller and with a stronger gray color in the cheeks. Wing coverts are a deep reddish color, and flanks have dark barring. Bill is reddish in color and longer than bills of other rails with a similar body size.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a shallow cup which is woven from grasses, sedges, and other aquatic vegetation, and which is placed in a clump or tussock of marsh plants.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-13, usually 7-12; 32 mm.; pale white or buff in color, lightly marked with brown or gray.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 18-20 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 25 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 219,
"SPECIES_ID": 1236,
"CLO": 1236,
"SPEC_NAME": "Corn Crake",
"LATINNAME": "Crex crex",
"FAMILY_ID": "RALL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in meadows, grasslands, and agricultural grain fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: European species; occasionally seen along the Atlantic coast and on Baffin Island (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Bill is short and thick. Overall, generally buffy in color with conspicuous reddish wing patches.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 220,
"SPECIES_ID": 1264,
"CLO": 1264,
"SPEC_NAME": "Sora",
"LATINNAME": "Porzana carolina",
"FAMILY_ID": "RALL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.0",
"SECRETS": "To elicit a call from this common rail, clap your hands loudly or throw a small pebble into the middle of a marsh or other suitable habitat; if a Sora is present, it will likely call!!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshes with dense vegetation; also in flooded fields and rice fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern Alaska and northwestern British Columbia east across southern Yukon, west-central and southwestern Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, west-central Quebec, and Nova Scotia, to southwestern Newfoundland; and south to southern California, central Nevada, central Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Oklahoma, southwestern Tennessee, central Illinois, central Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia, and Maryland. Generally winters from the southern United States (north to southern Oregon along the Pacific coast) south into Mexico and Baja California; occasionally seen further north in winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Yellow or greenish-yellow bill is short and thick, and surrounded by a wash of black feathering at its base. Black feathering extends onto upper breast. Heavily barred on the flanks; white or pale white undertail coverts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a shallow cup which is woven from grasses, cattails, and other aquatic vegetation, and which is attached to marsh plants. Nest is usually located over water.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-18, usually 10-12; 32 mm.; brown or buff in color, with brown or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 18-20 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 21-25 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 221,
"SPECIES_ID": 1278,
"CLO": 1278,
"SPEC_NAME": "Paint-billed Crake",
"LATINNAME": "Neocrex erythrops",
"FAMILY_ID": "RALL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pastures, agricultural lands, fresh-water marshes, and seasonally wet grasslands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident of Central and South America; considered accidental in Texas and Virginia (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Upperparts are olive-brown in color. Flanks are barred black and white; otherwise, underparts are gray. Legs are red, as is base of bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 222,
"SPECIES_ID": 1279,
"CLO": 1279,
"SPEC_NAME": "Spotted Rail",
"LATINNAME": "Pardirallus maculatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "RALL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in fresh-water marshes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident of Cuba, the West Indies, Mexico, Central America, and South America; considered accidental in Texas and Pennsylvania (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Reddish-brown flight feathers; otherwise, body is barred, streaked, and/or spotted with black and white colors. Bill is yellowish-green in color, somewhat long and decurved, and red at the base. Legs are also reddish in color.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 223,
"SPECIES_ID": 1290,
"CLO": 1290,
"SPEC_NAME": "Purple Gallinule",
"LATINNAME": "Porphyrio martinicus",
"FAMILY_ID": "RALL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.8",
"SECRETS": "The Purple Gallinule appears as a vagrant far north and west of its normal range; discovering this species at unusual locations is most likely to occur during the spring migration or early summer.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in fresh-water marshes with dense, emergent vegetation.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Mexico and Central America north to eastern Texas, the Gulf coast states, and Florida; and further north along the Atlantic coast to Maryland and Delaware; in the western part of its breeding range, the Purple Gallinule also breeds locally north to southern Illinois and western Tennessee. It is migratory throughout most of its U.S. distribution, and generally winters from southern Texas and Florida south throughout the remainder of its breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Bill is red, with a yellowish tip; shield on forehead is blue in color (compare with Common Moorhen). Yellowish legs, white undertail coverts. Diagnostic color pattern on upperparts (bronze-green) and underparts (purplish-blue).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests over water. Nest is a platform which is woven from grasses, sedges, and other aquatic vegetation, and which is attached to emergent marsh plants.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-10, usually 6-8; 39 mm.; pinkish-buff in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 22-25 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 63 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 224,
"SPECIES_ID": 1291,
"CLO": 1291,
"SPEC_NAME": "Azure Gallinule",
"LATINNAME": "Porphyrio flavirostris",
"FAMILY_ID": "RALL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in fresh-water marshes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to South America; considered accidental in New York, where one was seen on 14 December 1986 (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Purple Gallinule, except that body feathers have a more purplish hue to them; and crown, back, and breast are brownish in color.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 225,
"SPECIES_ID": 1295,
"CLO": 1295,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Moorhen",
"LATINNAME": "Gallinula chloropus",
"FAMILY_ID": "RALL",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "2.0",
"SECRETS": "Winter-plumaged birds lack the reddish coloration in bill and red forehead shield; separate it from similar American Coot by lack of white color in bill and presence of white horizontal line on side of body.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on lakes, ponds, and fresh-water marshes, usually with dense emergent vegetation (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in the west from northern California, northern Utah, and northern New Mexico south to Baja California, Mexico, and Central America; and in the mid-west and east from Oklahoma and Kansas east across Nebraska, Iowa, southern Minnesota & Wisconsin, central Michigan, and southern Ontario to Nova Scotia south to the Gulf coast and Florida. Generally winters throughout its breeding range in the west, and from South Carolina and the southern portions of the Gulf states south to Mexico and Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Red shield on forehead; bill is red with a yellow tip. Generally dark, grayish-black in color on head, neck, and underparts; back is brownish. Note the white horizontal line along side of body just below folded wing.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: May occasionally nest in colonies. Usually nests over water. Nest is a cup-like structure made from the stems of grasses, bulrushes, and other aquatic vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-13, usually 5-8; 44 mm.; cinnamon to olive-buff in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 19-22 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 40-50 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 226,
"SPECIES_ID": 1302,
"CLO": 1302,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eurasian Coot",
"LATINNAME": "Fulica atra",
"FAMILY_ID": "RALL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on lakes, ponds, marshes, and other shallow, fresh-water habitats with emergent vegetation; in winter, it also frequents deeper lakes, brackish bays and estuaries, and rivers (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and India; considered accidental and/or sometimes occasionally seen in Alaska, Greenland, and Canada (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to American Coot, but somewhat darker overall; undertail coverts are all black. Bill and forehead shield are white.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 227,
"SPECIES_ID": 1304,
"CLO": 1304,
"SPEC_NAME": "American Coot",
"LATINNAME": "Fulica americana",
"FAMILY_ID": "RALL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.4",
"SECRETS": "The most numerous of the North American rails, American Coots may at times be abundant, especially in the winter when flocks of several thousand may be seen.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on lakes, ponds, marshes, and other shallow, fresh-water habitats with emergent vegetation; in winter, it also frequents deeper lakes, brackish bays and estuaries, and rivers (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from eastern Alaska and southern Yukon east across southern Mackenzie, northwestern Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, western Ontario, southwestern Quebec, and southern New Brunswick to Nova Scotia; and south (at least locally) to Baja California, Mexico, and Florida. Winter range in the west generally extends southward from southeastern Alaska, British Columbia, Idaho, Colorado, and New Mexico; in the east, generally winters south of a line running from Kansas east across the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys and the Great Lakes region to southern New England (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Overall, blackish-gray in color, darkest on head and neck. White bill with dark band near outer tip; forehead shield is white at the bottom and reddish-brown at the upper edge. The sides of the undertail coverts are white (compare with Eurasian Coot).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Usually nests over water. Nest is a floating platform of dead stems which is attached to emergent vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-22, usually 8-12; 49 mm.; pink to dark buff, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21-25 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 49-56 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 228,
"SPECIES_ID": 1320,
"CLO": 1320,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Crane",
"LATINNAME": "Grus grus",
"FAMILY_ID": "GRUI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshes and other open areas in or near water (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Eurasian species; considered accidental in Alaska, Alberta, Nebraska, and New Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Sandhill Crane, but has black on most of head and neck, and a broad white stripe extending back from the eye and down the neck. Black primaries make trailing edge of wings appear dark.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 229,
"SPECIES_ID": 1323,
"CLO": 1323,
"SPEC_NAME": "Sandhill Crane",
"LATINNAME": "Grus canadensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "GRUI",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "6.0 ****",
"SECRETS": "In flight, cranes extend their neck out straight, unlike herons which fly with neck in an 'S' shaped position. Sandhill Cranes migrate during the day, at which time they may be so high it is difficult to observe them with the naked eye.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open areas, usually near water or marsh habitats; in migration and winter, also in agricultural fields.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and northern Yukon east across northern Mackenzie, northern Keewatin, and the Arctic islands; and south locally to northeastern California, northern Nevada, northwestern Utah, western Colorado, Iowa, northern Illinois, southern Michigan, and northeastern Indiana east to western Quebec. Winter range in the west generally extends southward from southern British Columbia, southern Washington, southern Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas; in the east, generally winters south of a line running from Arkansas, the Gulf states and southern Georgia. Winter range extends into Mexico and northern Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A large grayish, bird; about the size of a Great Blue Heron. Note clump of tertial feathers that droop over tail -- a diagnostic feature of cranes. Crown is reddish, bill is dark, thick, and straight. Throat and cheek area are pale white. Immatures do not have the red crown and have a brownish or reddish-brown hue to entire plumage. Loud, rattling call can be heard from a great distance and is easily recognized as this species.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground or in shallow water; nest is a mound built of sticks, grasses, weeds, and other marsh plants.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 96 mm.; olive in color, with lavender and brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 28-32 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 65 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 230,
"SPECIES_ID": 1325,
"CLO": 1325,
"SPEC_NAME": "Whooping Crane",
"LATINNAME": "Grus americana",
"FAMILY_ID": "GRUI",
"STATUS": "Endangered",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Whooping Cranes almost went extinct this century, & at one time there were only 15 birds remaining in the wild. A captive population & the placement of Whooping Crane eggs into nests of wild Sandhill Cranes have increased population size.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeding habitat typically consists of open, marshy coniferous woodlands with shallow lakes and ponds; in winter, also frequents fresh-water and brackish marshes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in the vicinity of Wood Buffalo National Park in Mackenzie, and in northern Alberta; primary winter range is the southeastern Texas coast (mostly in or near Aransas National Wildlife Refuge). Formerly wintered and ranged over a much larger area; unsuccessfully introduced in Idaho (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Extremely large size; plumage mostly all white, except for black primaries, reddish crown, and reddish-black patch on side of face above and below the eye. Immatures have reddish-brown feathers on head, neck, wings, and back.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground or in shallow water; nest is a shallow cup of grasses which is placed on a mound built of grasses, reeds, and other marsh plants.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 98 mm.; cream or olive-buff in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 29-31 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 80-90 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 231,
"SPECIES_ID": 1335,
"CLO": 1335,
"SPEC_NAME": "Limpkin",
"LATINNAME": "Aramus guarauna",
"FAMILY_ID": "ARAM",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in fresh-water marshes and swamps (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: A resident of southeastern Georgia, Florida, the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, and from Mexico south to South America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark brown with pale white streaking. Bill is long and slightly decurved. Compare with immature night-herons and ibises.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground or in a shrub or small tree, up to 45 feet above the ground. Nest consists of a platform or shallow cup of dried vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-8, usually 4-8; 59 mm.; olive-buff or cream-buff, with gray and brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 232,
"SPECIES_ID": 1369,
"CLO": 1369,
"SPEC_NAME": "Northern Jacana",
"LATINNAME": "Jacana spinosa",
"FAMILY_ID": "JACA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "In this species, the traditional sex roles are reversed: nearly all incubation duties are performed by the male, and the male also cares for the young after hatching. Only the male has brood patches. Female is larger and defends the nest.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in fresh-water marshes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: A resident of Mexico, Central America, and southern Texas; occasionally seen in Arizona and in western and central Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Yellow bill, with orangish-yellow forehead shield. Dark greenish-brown overall, with yellow flight feathers.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests over water; nest is a simple platform consisting of several leaves of cattails or water lettuce that is placed on top of a floating mat of aquatic vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 30 mm.; brown with black scrawls or markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Male incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 22-24 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 28 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 233,
"SPECIES_ID": 1373,
"CLO": 1373,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eurasian Woodcock",
"LATINNAME": "Scolopax rusticola",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in bogs and moist woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and India; occasionally observed in eastern North America and in Greenland (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to American Woodcock, but is larger and is heavily barred on the breast and belly.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 234,
"SPECIES_ID": 1378,
"CLO": 1378,
"SPEC_NAME": "American Woodcock",
"LATINNAME": "Scolopax minor",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.8",
"SECRETS": "The American Woodcock uses its 'cryptic coloration' to hide itself in surrounding vegetation; allows close approach, then bursts into flight with diagnostic twittering sound (made by its wings).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in moist woodlands, along wooded streams, and in adjacent openings (e.g., brushy fields or grassy meadows).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds throughout most of eastern North America, from southern Manitoba and central Ontario east to Nova Scotia and Newfoundland; and south to east-central Texas, the Gulf states, and Florida. Breeding range extends west locally to central Colorado. Generally winters in the southeastern U.S., from Oklahoma east across southern Missouri, Tennessee, and the northern portions of the Gulf states to southern New England; and south to Texas, the Gulf coast, and Florida (A.O.U. 1998). On rare occasions, it may be found north of its winter range in December and January, when it is most easily detected by listening for its 'peent' call on warm, calm nights.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Generally, mottled brown and black overall, thereby blending into surrounding vegetation (this is known as cryptic coloration). Note orangish-buff underparts and black barring on crown and nape of neck. Long bill, rounded wings (compare with pointed wings of the snipe). When walking, sometimes bobs up and down like a waterthrush. Nocturnal; generally not seen during the day, unless it is flushed from its roosting location.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression that is lined with leaves and twigs.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 38 mm.; buffy or cinnamon in color, with brown, gray, and purple markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 20-21 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 235,
"SPECIES_ID": 1382,
"CLO": 1382,
"SPEC_NAME": "Pintail Snipe",
"LATINNAME": "Gallinago stenura",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in wet meadows and marshes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia and India; considered accidental in the western Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Common Snipe, except it has a shorter bill and a shorter tail. Tail shows less white than in Common Snipe.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 236,
"SPECIES_ID": 1385,
"CLO": 1385,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Snipe",
"LATINNAME": "Gallinago gallinago",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.2",
"SECRETS": "When flushed, this bird emits a raspy 'snipe!' call; in flight, note the pointed wings (compare with the rounded wings of the American Woodcock.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in wet brushy, grassy, or agricultural fields, in meadows and marshes, and on mudflats.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and Yukon east across northwestern and central Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec to Labrador; and south to southern California, Arizona, northern New Mexico, western Nebraska, northern Iowa, and northeastern Illinois east to northern New Jersey. Generally winters from southeastern Alaska and southern British Columbia through eastern Washington, Idaho, and the central U.S. south to Baja California, Mexico, the Gulf coast, and Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Long bill, similar to woodcocks and dowitchers. Told from woodcocks (and dowitchers) by its striped crown and pointed wings (in flight); and from dowitchers by the lack of white triangle on the back. Generally, plumage is mottled with gray, brown, black, and white colors, thereby allowing it to blend into surrounding vegetation or soil (this is known as cryptic coloration); sometimes allows close approach before flying.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression that is lined with grasses and sedges.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4, usually 4; 39 mm.; brownish to olive-buff in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 18-20 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 19-20 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 237,
"SPECIES_ID": 1395,
"CLO": 1395,
"SPEC_NAME": "Jack Snipe",
"LATINNAME": "Lymnocryptes minimus",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on arctic tundra, and in marshes and flooded fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe and Asia; considered accidental in Alaska, California, and Labrador (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Smallest of all snipes in the world; note the short tail, which is also wedge-shaped. Central crown stripe, present in other snipes, is lacking in this species. Back and scapulars are dark, with a gloss of green and purple colors.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 238,
"SPECIES_ID": 1398,
"CLO": 1398,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-tailed Godwit",
"LATINNAME": "Limosa limosa",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshes, wet meadows and grasslands, in flooded fields, and on beaches and mudflats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, India, and Australia; considered casual or accidental along the Atlantic coast of North America. Migrates regularly through the western Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In flight, note white wing linings and conspicuous white wing stripe (compare with Hudsonian Godwit); tail is predominantly black, with white uppertail coverts. Reddish-brown color to head and neck, and barring on sides and flanks in breeding season are replaced by a grayish-white winter plumage.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 239,
"SPECIES_ID": 1399,
"CLO": 1399,
"SPEC_NAME": "Hudsonian Godwit",
"LATINNAME": "Limosa haemastica",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Migration to wintering grounds in South America is a virtually nonstop flight of 2000-3000 miles.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on Arctic tundra, and in marshes, flooded fields, or on mudflats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range is limited to local distribution in south-coastal Alaska and western Alaska; Mackenzie, northwestern British Columbia, and around Hudson Bay. Generally winters in South America (A.O.U. 1998). In migration, you can expect to see this bird most often in the interior of North America during the spring, and along the Atlantic coast during the fall. Rare in the interior of western North America and along the west coast.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Long, two-toned bill. Black tail, with white uppertail coverts. In breeding plumage, male has reddish-brown underparts with black barring (duller and less noticeable in female). In winter plumage, compare with Black-tailed Godwit; note dark wing linings and axillaries.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression that is lined with a few leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4, usually 4; 55 mm.; olive-green or greenish-brown in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 22-25 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 30 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 240,
"SPECIES_ID": 1400,
"CLO": 1400,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bar-tailed Godwit",
"LATINNAME": "Limosa lapponica",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Birds discovered during the fall migration on the Pacific coast tend to be present at the same location for an extended period of time, providing one with many opportunities to see this rare migrant.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tundra habitats, on tidal mudflats, or in marshes or flooded fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in Alaska; also in Europe and Asia; generally winters in Europe, Asia, Africa, India, and Australia (A.O.U. 1998). In migration, it is occasionally seen on the Pacific coast of North America as far south as Baja California; it is even more rare along the Atlantic coast in migration.\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding plumage, male is reddish-brown below on breast and throughout underparts, with no barring (compare with Black-tailed Godwit); female is duller. In winter plumage, compare with Marbled Godwit -- note Bar-tailed's lack of cinnamon tones to wing linings, upper wings, and tail. Note also short legs and barred, black-and-white tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression that is lined with mosses, lichens, or leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 4; 55 mm.; green or brown in color, with scattered brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 20-21 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 241,
"SPECIES_ID": 1401,
"CLO": 1401,
"SPEC_NAME": "Marbled Godwit",
"LATINNAME": "Limosa fedoa",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.3",
"SECRETS": "The Marbled Godwit is a common shorebird on the west coast in winter, and it is easy to assume that all godwits look alike. Carefully scan migrant godwit flocks, especially in the fall, to see if the rare Bar-tailed Godwit may be present.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in grasslands, marshes, ponds, and tundra habitats; also along tidal mudflats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from east-central Alberta, south-central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, and western Ontario south to Montana, North Dakota, and northeastern South Dakota; also breeds in Alaska on the Alaska Peninsula. Generally winters from coastal Washington and western Nevada south to Baja California; and from the Gulf coast and coastal South Carolina south to Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Largest of the 4 species of North American godwits; long, two-toned, upcurved bill is characteristic of most godwits and distinguishes them from other, similar-sized shorebirds. Note the tawny or cinnamon wash throughout wings, body, and tail, including wing linings (as seen in flight). Black mottling on back gives the Marbled Godwit its name.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground in grassy prairie habitats; nest is a simple scrape or depression in the grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 57 mm.; green-brown or olive-brown in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21-23 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 242,
"SPECIES_ID": 1402,
"CLO": 1402,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eskimo Curlew",
"LATINNAME": "Numenius borealis",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "Endangered",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The Eskimo Curlew was once an abundant bird, with reports of millions of birds being seen in migration; its decline is attributed to over-hunting. Hunted both in the spring and fall; also hunted on its wintering grounds in South America.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tundra habitats, and in grasslands, pastures, or plowed fields; may also frequent marshes or mudflats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Currently thought to be extinct or near extinction. Former breeding range included northwestern Mackenzie west to western Alaska; migrated to South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998). In migration, it was usually encountered in the interior of North America or along the Atlantic coast.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 243,
"SPECIES_ID": 1403,
"CLO": 1403,
"SPEC_NAME": "Little Curlew",
"LATINNAME": "Numenius minutus",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in meadows and grassy areas within subalpine forest (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia, Australia, and New Zealand; considered accidental in California and Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A very small curlew, in fact this is the world's smallest curlew species. Note short, slightly decurved bill. Also note dark eye line. Overall, it has a mottled brownish-white plumage, with a buff wash throughout.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 244,
"SPECIES_ID": 1404,
"CLO": 1404,
"SPEC_NAME": "Whimbrel",
"LATINNAME": "Numenius phaeopus",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Whimbrels are fairly common shorebirds and, in migration, may form flocks of several hundred birds or more. They are quite vocal in flight.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in Arctic tundra habitats; also frequents beaches, coast lines, mudflats, marshes, flooded fields, and pastures (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes Alaska, Yukon, and northwestern Mackenzie; also breeds along the western side of Hudson Bay. Generally winters in coastal areas; in the west, winter range extends from southern British Columbia south to Baja California and Mexico; also winters in coastal areas from South Carolina, Florida, and the Gulf coast south to Mexico, Central America, and South America. In migration, most often seen along the coast, more rare inland (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: The striped crown is the definitive mark for this species. Also note decurved bill, and smaller size compared to Long-billed Curlew.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression located on top of a mound of mosses or grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4, usually 4; 58 mm.; olive in color, with brown and lavender markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 27-28 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 35-42 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 245,
"SPECIES_ID": 1405,
"CLO": 1405,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bristle-thighed Curlew",
"LATINNAME": "Numenius tahitiensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "After the El Nino winter of 1997-1998, Bristle-thighed Curlews made an unprecedented appearance along the Pacific coast of the lower 48 states; no fewer than 15 birds were seen in WA, OR, and CA during the spring migration!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tundra habitats, grassy fields, and on mudflats or beaches (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in western Alaska and winters on islands in the Pacific Ocean; in migration, may occur in spring in south-coastal Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Whimbrel, but note orangish rump and tail. The bristly feathers on the thighs and flanks are difficult to see in most field conditions.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression located in lichen and lined with moss.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4; 65 mm.; olive or buff in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 246,
"SPECIES_ID": 1406,
"CLO": 1406,
"SPEC_NAME": "Slender-billed Curlew",
"LATINNAME": "Numenius tenuirostris",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in bogs, marshes, wet fields, or on mudflats or beaches (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia; considered accidental in Ontario (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Resembles Whimbrel, but note lack of crown stripes; also, note dowitcher-like, diamond-shaped white patch on lower back and rump.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 247,
"SPECIES_ID": 1407,
"CLO": 1407,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eurasian Curlew",
"LATINNAME": "Numenius arquata",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in grasslands and marshes; also frequents beaches, mudflats, or wet meadows (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and India; considered accidental in Greenland and along the Atlantic coast of North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar in size to Long-billed Curlew; note long, decurved bill, white back and rump, and extensive amount of white on underwing (as seen in flight). Crown is not striped.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 248,
"SPECIES_ID": 1408,
"CLO": 1408,
"SPEC_NAME": "Long-billed Curlew",
"LATINNAME": "Numenius americanus",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.4",
"SECRETS": "The length of the Long-billed Curlew's bill ranges from 4.4 to 8.6 inches; at its largest length, the bill may comprise about 44% of the bird's total body length (bill tip to tail tip).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: In breeding season, found in prairies and grassy areas; also in sagebrush. In the winter, also frequents coast lines, beaches, marshes, and flooded fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from south-central British Columbia and southern Alberta east across southern Saskatchewan to southern Manitoba; and south to east-central California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, and northern Texas; at times, locally distributed within this range. Generally winters from Washington south to Baja California and Mexico; and from coastal South Carolina, the southern portions of Louisiana and Alabama, and southern Texas south to eastern Mexico and Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: The largest North American shorebird; note extremely long bill, and cinnamon or buffy appearance throughout plumage. Crown is not striped as in Whimbrel; in flight, cinnamon appearance is also apparent on the wing linings.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression located in grassy areas and lined with grasses and weeds.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 65 mm.; white to buff, or olive in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 27-30 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 32-45 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 249,
"SPECIES_ID": 1409,
"CLO": 1409,
"SPEC_NAME": "Far Eastern Curlew",
"LATINNAME": "Numenius madagascariensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in moorlands and meadows; also frequents mudflats or beaches (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia and Australia; considered accidental in British Columbia, and seen regularly during migration in the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Long-billed Curlew; note this species overall brownish appearance, with dark brown streaking on breast and flanks.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 250,
"SPECIES_ID": 1410,
"CLO": 1410,
"SPEC_NAME": "Upland Sandpiper",
"LATINNAME": "Bartramia longicauda",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.3 ****",
"SECRETS": "To find these birds, scan suitable habitat carefully for this species: sometimes it may be hidden among grasses; or can be mistaken for a meadowlark.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in grassland habitats, including dry meadows and pastures, or even airport strips.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and Yukon east across southwestern Mackenzie, Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, and Maine to Prince Edward Island; and south to eastern Washington, northeastern Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, northeastern Colorado, northern Oklahoma, north-central Texas, southern Illinois, and northern Kentucky east to Maryland. Generally winters in South America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Head is pigeon-shaped, neck is comparatively long. Generally brown in color; underparts white with brown streaking on neck, breast, and flanks; legs are yellowish in color. Primaries are darker than rest of wing.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression lined with grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4; 45 mm.; cream to pinkish-buff in color, with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21-27 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 30-31 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 251,
"SPECIES_ID": 1411,
"CLO": 1411,
"SPEC_NAME": "Spotted Redshank",
"LATINNAME": "Tringa erythropus",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshes, ponds, meadows, or on mudflats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and India; considered accidental throughout most of North America, but seen regularly during fall migration in the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Long bill, slightly decurved at tip; note that the base of the lower mandible is reddish in color. Adult in breeding plumage is mostly black in color; winter plumage exhibits a more pale-gray appearance, with orangish-legs. White, wedge-shaped patch is visible on lower back of flying birds; compare in flight with dowitchers.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 252,
"SPECIES_ID": 1412,
"CLO": 1412,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Redshank",
"LATINNAME": "Tringa totanus",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshes, meadows, or on shorelines or mudflats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and India; considered accidental in Newfoundland (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Overall, brownish-gray in appearance. Note orange-red legs, streaked underparts, and two-toned bill: reddish-orange at base and black at tip.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 253,
"SPECIES_ID": 1413,
"CLO": 1413,
"SPEC_NAME": "Marsh Sandpiper",
"LATINNAME": "Tringa stagnatilis",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshes, meadows, or on shorelines or mudflats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, India, and Australia; considered accidental in the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Overall, gray or brownish-gray upperparts and white underparts. Note long legs, which are yellowish in breeding season, and olive-green in non-breeding individuals. In breeding season, streaked on breast and flanks. In flight, note dark wings and white on back, rump, and tail. Compare with Common Greenshank.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 254,
"SPECIES_ID": 1414,
"CLO": 1414,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Greenshank",
"LATINNAME": "Tringa nebularia",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshes, meadows, or on shorelines or mudflats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, India, and Australia; considered accidental in Newfoundland (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare closely to Greater Yellowlegs; note less heavily streaked breast and flanks and greenish legs. In flight, white, dowitcher-like wedge extends from rump to the middle of back; this feature is lacking in Greater Yellowlegs, which only has a white rump.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 255,
"SPECIES_ID": 1416,
"CLO": 1416,
"SPEC_NAME": "Greater Yellowlegs",
"LATINNAME": "Tringa melanoleuca",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "When seen side by side, the two species of yellowlegs are usually easy to distinguish. However, when only one bird is in view, focus on bill length as an additional aid: in Greater Yellowlegs, bill is nearly 3 times the length of the head.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along shorelines and mudflats of ponds, lakes, rivers, and estuaries; also in marshes, wet meadows, and flooded agricultural fields.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern Alaska and British Columbia east across central Canada to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. Generally winters along the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts south to Baja California and Mexico. Winter range also includes Idaho, Utah, and central New Mexico (A.O.U. 1998). Occasionally some individuals are found north of wintering range in the interior United States.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare closely to Lesser Yellowlegs; note larger size and longer bill. In breeding plumage, more heavily streaked below than on Lesser Yellowlegs. Bill is usually slightly upturned. When heard, the 3-5 note call is louder than Lesser Yellowlegs' 1-3 note call.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression in mossy hummock, usually near water.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4; 49 mm.; buff in color, with dark brown or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes likely incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 23 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 18-20 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 256,
"SPECIES_ID": 1417,
"CLO": 1417,
"SPEC_NAME": "Lesser Yellowlegs",
"LATINNAME": "Tringa flavipes",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-6.0 ****",
"SECRETS": "When seen side by side, the 2 species of yellowlegs are usually easy to distinguish. However, when only one bird is in view, focus on bill length as an additional aid: in Lesser Yellowlegs, bill is about only 2 times the length of the head.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along shorelines and mudflats of ponds, lakes, rivers, and estuaries; also in marshes, wet meadows, and flooded agricultural fields.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska east and south across northern and central Canada to northern Ontario and extreme western Quebec. Generally winters along the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts south to Baja California and Mexico. Occasionally some individuals are found north of wintering range in the interior United States.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare closely to Greater Yellowlegs; note smaller size and shorter bill (which is never upturned). In breeding plumage, less heavily streaked below than on Greater Yellowlegs. When heard, the 1-3 note call is not as loud as Greater Yellowlegs' 3-5 note call.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is lined with leaves or grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4, usually 4; 42 mm.; buff or yellowish-gray in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes likely incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 22-23 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 18-20 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 257,
"SPECIES_ID": 1418,
"CLO": 1418,
"SPEC_NAME": "Solitary Sandpiper",
"LATINNAME": "Tringa solitaria",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "During spring migration, the Solitary Sandpiper is 1 of the early shorebird migrants: it returns from Central & S. American wintering grounds as early as mid March. Likewise, by late June or early July, the first fall migrants are seen.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along shorelines and mudflats of bogs, ponds, lakes, and streams; also in marshes and flooded agricultural fields.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and Yukon east across western and southern Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, and Quebec to southern Labrador; and south to central British Columbia, south-central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, and northern Minnesota. Generally winters from northern Mexico and the Bahamas south to Central and South America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A brown and white shorebird. Outer edges to tail are barred black-and-white, the pattern of which can often be seen on standing bird. Note also the greenish leg color and white eye ring. In flight, pale white rump is divided in half by dark bar which runs from lower back to tip of tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in coniferous trees (sometimes in deciduous trees), up to 40 feet above the ground; typically uses old cup-shaped nest of American Robin, Cedar Waxwing or other song birds.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-5, usually 4; 36 mm.; green or cream-buff in color, with dark brown or violet markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation lasts approximately 23-24 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 258,
"SPECIES_ID": 1419,
"CLO": 1419,
"SPEC_NAME": "Green Sandpiper",
"LATINNAME": "Tringa ochropus",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in swamps, marshes, wet meadows, flooded fields, or on mudflats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and India; occasionally seen in Alaska and the western Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare closely to Solitary Sandpiper: Green Sandpiper has a white rump and white uppertail coverts; tail is not as extensively barred as in Solitary Sandpiper. Also resembles Wood Sandpiper, which is more heavily spotted on upperparts and has more barring in tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 259,
"SPECIES_ID": 1420,
"CLO": 1420,
"SPEC_NAME": "Wood Sandpiper",
"LATINNAME": "Tringa glareola",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along edges of ponds, lakes, and streams, or in wet meadows (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in Europe and Asia; winters primarily in Africa, India, the Mediterranean region, and Australia. Also known to breed in the western and central Aleutian Islands; casual or accidental elsewhere in North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare closely with Solitary Sandpiper and Green Sandpiper. This species has more spotting on upperparts than Green Sandpiper, and it also has more barring in tail; however, it also has a white rump patch, which separates it from Solitary Sandpiper. Pale wing linings are lighter in color than that which is found on Solitary or Green Sandpiper.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground in a scrape or depression; or in a tree in an old, cup-like nest of a thrush or other song bird. Nest is lined with grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4, usually 4; 38 mm.; light green, creamy-white, or buff in color, with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 22-23 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 28-30 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 260,
"SPECIES_ID": 1421,
"CLO": 1421,
"SPEC_NAME": "Terek Sandpiper",
"LATINNAME": "Tringa cinerea",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on mudflats, in meadows or marshes, along edges of ponds and lakes, or in wet grassy areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, India, and Australia; regularly migrates through the western Aleutian Islands. Considered casual or accidental elsewhere in North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Bill is long and noticeably upturned; note orange-yellow legs, grayish upperparts, white or pale white breast and belly, and dark and light patterns on upper wing surface.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 261,
"SPECIES_ID": 1422,
"CLO": 1422,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Sandpiper",
"LATINNAME": "Tringa hypoleucos",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along rivers, streams, lakes, and ponds (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, India, and Australia; regularly migrates through the western Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Greenish legs. Bill is nearly all dark. Compare closely with Spotted Sandpiper; bobs up and down like that species. In breeding plumage, however, underparts of adult are white and breast is streaked with gray (spots on breast and belly are lacking).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 262,
"SPECIES_ID": 1423,
"CLO": 1423,
"SPEC_NAME": "Spotted Sandpiper",
"LATINNAME": "Tringa macularia",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.7",
"SECRETS": "In flight, wings are held stiffly, as if they were made out of wood. When walking along shoreline, Spotted Sandpipers bob up and down. These two field marks help identify this bird, even at a great distance.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along shorelines or on mudflats of streams, rivers, lakes, and ponds; in migration and in winter, often frequents rocky shorelines with exposed stones or pebbles.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds throughout most of North America, except for extreme northern Canada and the southeastern United States. Generally winters from South Carolina, Florida, the Gulf coast, southern New Mexico, southern Arizona, and southwestern British Columbia south to Baja California, Mexico, Central America, and South America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding plumage, large black spots on breast, sides, and belly easily identify this species. Note also the change in bill color and leg color from breeding to winter plumage. Underparts are white or grayish-white in winter plumage; compare with Common Sandpiper.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple saucer- or cup-shaped depression which is lined with grasses, moss, or weeds.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-4, usually 4; 32 mm.; brown, green or pinkish-buff in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Male incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 20-24 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 17-21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 263,
"SPECIES_ID": 1424,
"CLO": 1424,
"SPEC_NAME": "Grey-tailed Tattler",
"LATINNAME": "Tringa brevipes",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "Gray-tailed Tattler",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along streams, lakes, and ponds; also frequents rocky or sandy coast lines/beaches (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia and Australia; regularly migrates through the Aleutian Islands; considered casual or accidental elsewhere in North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare closely with Wandering Tattler. Grey-tailed Tattler is not as boldly or extensively barred on underparts in breeding season; eyebrow tends to be more prominent. However, best separated from Wandering Tattler by voice.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 264,
"SPECIES_ID": 1425,
"CLO": 1425,
"SPEC_NAME": "Wandering Tattler",
"LATINNAME": "Tringa incana",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "In addition to wintering population along the Pacific coast, Wandering Tattlers also migrate across the Pacific Ocean to winter on islands near the Great Barrier Reef in Australia.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds along streams and lakes in rocky or scrub habitats of mountainous or hilly areas; also in damp meadows. In migration and in winter, also found along rocky or sandy coastlines/beaches (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in mountainous areas of Alaska, Yukon, and British Columbia; generally winters along the Pacific coast from northern California south to Mexico and South America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A grayish shorebird; solid gray above; pale white underneath with heavy barring on breast, sides, and belly in breeding season. Legs greenish-yellow in color. In winter plumage, breast and sides are plain gray and belly is white. Compare closely with Grey-tailed Tattler. Bobs up and down while walking.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is lined with roots and leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4; 43 mm.; green in color, and heavily blotched with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 23-25 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 265,
"SPECIES_ID": 1426,
"CLO": 1426,
"SPEC_NAME": "Willet",
"LATINNAME": "Catoptrophorus semipalmatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.5",
"SECRETS": "The Willet is like two different birds: at rest, it is generally dull gray in appearance; but in flight, its wings display a remarkable black-and-white flash. Fairly common, concentrations of birds may exceed 1000 in number.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on beaches, mudflats, in meadows and marshes, and along edges of lakes and ponds (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: In the west, breeding range extends from eastern Oregon, southern Idaho, central Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, and southern Manitoba south to northeastern and east-central California, western Nevada, Utah, northern Colorado, western and northern Nebraska, and South Dakota. In the east, it breeds along the Atlantic coast from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia south to Florida, and along the Gulf coast west and south to Texas and Mexico. Generally winters in coastal areas; in the west from central California south to Baja California and Mexico; and in the east from Virginia southward through the breeding range to Mexico. In migration, more common in coastal areas than the interior of the continent (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A large, stocky, brownish-gray shorebird. Note heavy bill, which is thicker and more stout than bill of Greater Yellowlegs. Legs are gray in color. In winter, body plumage becomes entirely gray in color. Quite vocal; once its call is learned, it can be identified at great distances. In flight, wings flash black and white.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Somewhat colonial. Nests on the ground; nest is a scrape or depression placed in the sand or in grassy areas. Nest is lined with grasses or sedges.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-5, usually 4; 53 mm.; olive in color, with heavy brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 22-29 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 266,
"SPECIES_ID": 1429,
"CLO": 1429,
"SPEC_NAME": "Ruddy Turnstone",
"LATINNAME": "Arenaria interpres",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The Ruddy Turnstone has a wide distribution throughout the world, occurring on every continent except Antarctica. In non-breeding season, it is usually found along coastal areas, but may also be seen at inland locations during migration.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tundra habitats, usually near water; also on beaches, along rocky coastlines, and in other areas with limited vegetation (e.g., wet dirt fields or on bare shorelines of lakes) (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds on the Arctic tundra, from northern Alaska east across the Arctic islands to Greenland. Generally winters along the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts, south to Baja California and Mexico.\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding plumage, black, white, and chestnut color pattern immediately identify this species. In winter, breast pattern is retained, but chestnut colors are replaced with varying shades of brown and gray. Note orange legs.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is lined with leaves, mosses, and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4, usually 4; 41 mm.; green-olive in color, with black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 22-24 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 19-21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 267,
"SPECIES_ID": 1430,
"CLO": 1430,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black Turnstone",
"LATINNAME": "Arenaria melanocephala",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Although closely related to the Ruddy Turnstone, it is not as widespread in distribution as that species; however, on the Pacific coast, Black Turnstones typically outnumber Ruddy Turnstones.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in coastal salt-grass tundra habitats; also frequents rocky seacoasts and jetties, and coastal beaches or mudflats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in coastal areas of western and southern Alaska; generally winters along the Pacific coast from southern Alaska south to Baja California and Mexico.\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding plumage, mostly black on upperparts (with white spotting); lower breast and belly entirely white. In winter, black on head, neck, and breast is replaced with brownish-black wash.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is sometimes lined with grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4; 41 mm.; olive-yellow in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21-22 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 268,
"SPECIES_ID": 1431,
"CLO": 1431,
"SPEC_NAME": "Short-billed Dowitcher",
"LATINNAME": "Limnodromus griseus",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Identification of dowitchers must be done with great care! Note plumage coloration, feather edging, extent of barring on tail, amount of spotting on foreneck, breast and belly color pattern, barring on sides, and any call notes.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in wet meadows, or in grassy tundra or muskeg habitats; also frequents coastal beaches, or mudflats and shallow waters of lakes, ponds, and estuaries (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in southern Alaska; breeding range also extends from southern Yukon and southern Mackenzie south to northwestern British Columbia, central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, and northeastern Manitoba; breeding in the east extends from central Quebec south to the north coast of Ontario and south-central Quebec. Generally winters in coastal areas, from central Washington south to Baja California and Mexico; and also from coastal South Carolina, Florida, and the Gulf coast south to eastern Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Often difficult to separate from Long-billed Dowitcher; up front, it must be recognized that some dowitchers will go unidentified. First start by determining the age of the bird; once age is determined, concentrate on the appropriate field marks that separate the two species for that age group. Age classes include breeding-plumaged adults, winter plumaged adults, and juvenal or first-fall plumage.\r\n\r\nIn general, back, wing covert, and scapular feathers of juvenal Short-billed Dowitchers are broadly edged with reddish-buff color and have internal markings; face and neck tend to be buffy in color. Breast on winter plumaged birds tend to be paler gray than in Long-billed Dowitcher. Breeding birds often have white on belly and back feathers are broadly edged with a rust or orange-red color. Remember that bill length can not be used to separate the two species of dowitchers.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is lined with leaves, twigs, and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4, usually 4; 41 mm.; buff-green or brown in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and the male cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 269,
"SPECIES_ID": 1432,
"CLO": 1432,
"SPEC_NAME": "Long-billed Dowitcher",
"LATINNAME": "Limnodromus scolopaceus",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Identification of dowitchers must be done with great care! Note plumage coloration, feather edging, extent of barring on tail, amount of spotting on foreneck, breast and belly color pattern, barring on sides, and any call notes.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in wet meadows, or in grassy tundra or muskeg habitats; also frequents mudflats and shallow waters of lakes, ponds, marshes, and flooded fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in coastal areas of western and northern Alaska, northern Yukon, and northwestern Mackenzie; generally winters from south coastal British Columbia, southern New Mexico, central Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida south to Baja California and Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Often difficult to separate from Short-billed Dowitcher; up front, it must be recognized that some dowitchers will go unidentified. First start by determining the age of the bird; once age is determined, concentrate on the appropriate field marks that separate the two species for that age group. Age classes include breeding-plumaged adults, winter plumaged adults, and juvenal or first-fall plumage.\r\n\r\nIn general, back, wing covert, and scapular feathers of juvenal Long-billed Dowitchers are narrowly edged with reddish-buff color and have no internal markings; face and neck tend to be uniformly gray in color. Breast on winter plumaged birds tend to be darker gray than in Short-billed Dowitcher. Breeding birds are often reddish-orange on the underparts from chin to undertail coverts; back feathers are black with narrow edgings of rust, making the bird appear darker when compared with Short-billed Dowitcher. Call is a woodpecker-like 'keek'. Remember that bill length can not be used to separate the two species of dowitchers.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is lined with leaves and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4; 42 mm.; brown in color, with brown and gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 20-21 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 270,
"SPECIES_ID": 1434,
"CLO": 1434,
"SPEC_NAME": "Surfbird",
"LATINNAME": "Aphriza virgata",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Although most persons are familiar with the Surfbird by way of seeing it near the unsettled surf of the Pacific Ocean, most people do not know that this species actually breeds above the timberline on rocky mountain tundra areas of Alaska.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in rocky tundra habitats, and in rocky areas along seacoasts and jetties (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in Alaska, and in western and northern Yukon. Generally winters from south coastal Alaska south along the Pacific coast to Baja California and Mexico.\r\n\r\nField Marks: A chunky grayish, or brownish-gray shorebird. Note pale and dark areas on bill; in breeding plumage, scapulars are reddish-brown with black markings, and breast is more heavily streaked. Legs are yellowish-green.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is lined with leaves, lichens, or mosses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4; 44 mm.; buff in color, with dark, red-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 271,
"SPECIES_ID": 1435,
"CLO": 1435,
"SPEC_NAME": "Great Knot",
"LATINNAME": "Calidris tenuirostris",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in rocky tundra habitats; also frequents rocky seacoasts, sandy beaches, and nearby mudflats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia, India, and Australia; occasionally seen in migration in the Aleutian Islands; considered accidental in Oregon (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Bill is black and straight; generally a dark, brownish-gray shorebird with black streaking on breast and flanks in breeding plumage (also compare this plumage with Surfbird and Rock Sandpiper); note narrow band of chestnut feathers on back of breeding adult.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 272,
"SPECIES_ID": 1436,
"CLO": 1436,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red Knot",
"LATINNAME": "Calidris canutus",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Although Red Knots winter on the Atlantic, Pacific, & Gulf coasts, they are not often seen in the interior of N. America during migration; this is because they migrate primarily along the Atlantic & Pacific coasts, and in the Great Lakes.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on the tundra, usually near water; also frequents coastal beaches, and mudflats of ponds, lakes, and seacoasts (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes northern Alaska, Greenland, and the Arctic islands. Generally winters in coastal areas: on the Pacific coast from Washington south to Baja California and Mexico; and along the Atlantic coast (Massachusetts) and Gulf coast south to eastern Mexico.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Breeding birds are brownish-black above, and reddish-brown or chestnut below; in winter, they are grayer in appearance and appear dowitcher-like, but with a shorter bill and gray barring on white rump (as seen in flight).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is lined with leaves and lichens.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4, usually 4; 41 mm.; buff-olive in color, and spotted or blotched with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21-23 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 18-20 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 273,
"SPECIES_ID": 1437,
"CLO": 1437,
"SPEC_NAME": "Sanderling",
"LATINNAME": "Calidris alba",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "In winter, Sanderlings are occasionally mistaken for one of the 'peep' sandpipers; note the Sanderling's larger size, paler appearance, and (in flight) conspicuous white wing stripe.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on the tundra, usually near water; also frequents sandy beaches, and (less often) mudflats of lakes or rivers (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes northern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, northern Keewatin, northwest coast of Hudson Bay, the Arctic islands, and Greenland. Generally winters in coastal areas: on the Pacific coast from Alaska south to Baja California and Mexico; and along the Atlantic coast (Massachusetts) and Gulf coast south to eastern Mexico.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark bill; in breeding plumage, note reddish-brown wash to back, breast, flanks, and head. In winter, white underparts and pale gray upperparts give it a very bright appearance (it is the palest winter sandpiper). Black shoulder patch in winter birds is variable in size.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is lined with leaves and mosses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4, usually 4; 36 mm.; green-olive or olive-brown in color, with brown and black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 24-31 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 17 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 274,
"SPECIES_ID": 1438,
"CLO": 1438,
"SPEC_NAME": "Semipalmated Sandpiper",
"LATINNAME": "Calidris pusilla",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Although it is a common migrant in the east and mid-West, Semipalmated Sandpipers are rare along the Pacific coast, where they should be identified with great care; compare closely with Western Sandpiper.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on the tundra, usually near water; also frequents marshes, meadows, beaches, and mudflats of lakes and ponds (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and northern Yukon east across northern Mackenzie and the Arctic islands to northern Labrador; and south to northeastern Manitoba, northern Ontario, and northern Quebec. Generally winters from southern Florida and the Bahamas south to Central & South America (A.O.U. 1998); sightings of this species elsewhere in North America during the winter should be thoroughly documented.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Typical peep; note black legs, small size, absence of spotting or streaks on flanks, and overall brownish-gray appearance. Note that similarly-appearing Western Sandpiper has more reddish coloration on head and scapulars.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is lined with leaves and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 4; 30 mm.; olive or yellowish-buff in color, with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 18-22 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 19 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 275,
"SPECIES_ID": 1439,
"CLO": 1439,
"SPEC_NAME": "Western Sandpiper",
"LATINNAME": "Calidris mauri",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The western counterpart to the Semipalmated Sandpiper. Note that when adults begin flying south for the winter in July, they still show remnants of streaking on flanks that is present in the spring.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on the tundra, usually near water; also frequents marshes, beaches, flooded fields, and mudflats of lakes and ponds (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in coastal western and northern Alaska; generally winters along the Pacific coast (from Washington south), Atlantic coast (from North Carolina south), and Gulf coast south to Baja California and Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Typical peep; note black legs, presence of spotting or streaks on flanks, and reddish-orange coloration to scapulars, crown, and cheek in breeding plumaged birds; even juvenile birds show rufous color on back and scapulars.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Occasionally nests in small colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is lined with leaves and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4; 31 mm.; cream to light brown in color, and spotted with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 20-22 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 19-21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 276,
"SPECIES_ID": 1440,
"CLO": 1440,
"SPEC_NAME": "Little Stint",
"LATINNAME": "Calidris minuta",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tundra habitats; also frequents marshes, mudflats, and flooded fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and India; considered a rare migrant in northern Alaska and the Aleutian Islands; casual or accidental elsewhere in North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Rufous coloration on face, cheeks, neck, and upper breast are more prominent than that which is seen in Western or Semipalmated Sandpipers. Compare also with Least Sandpiper: note dark legs and less prominent streaking on breast. Juvenile birds resemble Rufous-necked Stints, but center of feathers on wing coverts is predominantly black.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 277,
"SPECIES_ID": 1441,
"CLO": 1441,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-necked Stint",
"LATINNAME": "Calidris ruficollis",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "This species is sometimes called Rufous-necked Stint or Rufous-necked Sandpiper.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in tundra habitats; also frequents beaches, marshes, and tidal mudflats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in northern and western Alaska; also breeds in Europe and Asia; winters in Asia, India, and the Australian region. Occasionally seen in migration along the Pacific coast south of breeding range; casual or accidental further inland (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding plumage, rufous-colored head, throat, and neck readily identify this species; however, note that in some birds the reddish coloration may be pale or indistinct.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, usually in a cavity built within patch of moss, grass, or other vegetation alongside a stream.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4; yellow with rufous or cinnamon markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 278,
"SPECIES_ID": 1442,
"CLO": 1442,
"SPEC_NAME": "Temminck's Stint",
"LATINNAME": "Calidris temminckii",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tundra and taiga habitats; also frequents marshes, mudflats, shorelines of lakes and ponds, and flooded fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and India. Occasionally seen in migration on the Aleutian Islands. Considered to be accidental in British Columbia (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Least and Baird's Sandpipers; note greenish-yellow legs, buffy-brown breast band, and white outer tail feathers.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 279,
"SPECIES_ID": 1443,
"CLO": 1443,
"SPEC_NAME": "Long-toed Stint",
"LATINNAME": "Calidris subminuta",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tundra habitats; also frequents mudflats, shorelines of lakes and ponds, and sandy beaches (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia, India, and Australia; considered to be a regular migrant through the Aleutian Islands and Alaska; accidental elsewhere in North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark crown and forehead contrast with nape and side of neck; legs yellowish in color. Compare with Least Sandpiper; note dark legs, darker forehead, more conspicuous eyebrow (which broadens behind eye), and less prominent streaking on breast.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 280,
"SPECIES_ID": 1444,
"CLO": 1444,
"SPEC_NAME": "Least Sandpiper",
"LATINNAME": "Calidris minutilla",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "A common shorebird, the Least Sandpiper can be found during the spring migration well into late May and sometimes in early June; strange as it may seem, fall migrants first appear as early as late June!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on the tundra; also frequents marshes, mudflats, flooded fields, shorelines of ponds and lakes, and coastal beaches (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and Yukon east across northern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, and Hudson Bay to northern Quebec, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia; and south to northwestern British Columbia, northern Saskatchewan, northeastern Manitoba, and northern Ontario. Generally winters from Washington, southern Nevada, Utah, central New Mexico, central Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, the Gulf states, and North Carolina south to Baja California and Mexico (A.O.U. 1998). In winter, small numbers of individuals are found north of known range, especially when mild weather conditions persist into January.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Overall, a brownish-gray shorebird. Smallest of the five common peeps, and the only one with yellowish legs. In breeding plumage, streaking on breast is prominent, and ends abruptly about mid-way down the breast; in winter plumage, this streaking is replaced by a gray-brown breast band.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is lined with leaves and grasses and placed within a tuft of moss or grassy vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4; 29 mm.; buff in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 19-23 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 281,
"SPECIES_ID": 1445,
"CLO": 1445,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-rumped Sandpiper",
"LATINNAME": "Calidris fuscicollis",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Spring migration is mostly through interior of North America; in the fall, most birds migrate in eastern North America and along Atlantic coast; rare in western North America at any season.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on the tundra, usually near water; also frequents marshes, mudflats, flooded fields, and shorelines of lakes and ponds (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in the Arctic tundra, from northern Alaska east to extreme northern Canada, including northwestern Hudson Bay and the Arctic islands. Winters in South America.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note streaking on sides and flanks; compare with Western Sandpiper. The White-rumped Sandpiper is one of the largest peeps and its most diagnostic field mark is, of course, the white rump. Note also long wings.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is placed in a tuft of vegetation and lined with leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4; 34 mm.; pale green in color, and heavily spotted with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21-22 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 16-17 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 282,
"SPECIES_ID": 1446,
"CLO": 1446,
"SPEC_NAME": "Baird's Sandpiper",
"LATINNAME": "Calidris bairdii",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Less common than other peeps. Although it migrates through the interior of North America, in most of the continent, the Baird's Sandpiper is most frequently encountered in the fall, when the migration is more widespread.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on the tundra; also frequents marshes, mudflats, lakes, and ponds, often in the drier, grassier areas away from water.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from western and northern Alaska and northern Yukon east to the Arctic islands and northwestern Greenland; and south to northwestern British Columbia, northern Mackenzie, northern Keewatin, and Southampton Island. Winters in South America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: One of the largest peeps. Generally a grayish-brown shorebird, with buffy-gray wash or fine streaking across breast and (in immatures) scaled appearance to upper back. Could be mistaken for a Least Sandpiper, but note larger size and black legs; could also be mistaken for a Pectoral Sandpiper, but again note dark legs.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression in a tuft of vegetation and lined with leaves, lichens, or grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 4; 33 mm.; pink to olive-buff in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 20-22 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 16-20 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 283,
"SPECIES_ID": 1447,
"CLO": 1447,
"SPEC_NAME": "Pectoral Sandpiper",
"LATINNAME": "Calidris melanotos",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "A common migrant in the east and mid-West, the Pectoral Sandpiper is strikingly absent on the west coast, where it is most often encountered as a fall migrant.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on the tundra; also frequents marshes, mudflats, meadows, flooded fields, and shorelines of lakes and ponds (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from western and northern Alaska and northern Yukon east to the Arctic islands and northern Mackenzie; and south to central Mackenzie, southeastern Keewatin, and northeastern Ontario. Winters in South America, and occasionally as far north as the Gulf coast and Florida (A.O.U. 1998). Occasionally some individuals are found north of known winter range into the middle of the winter season.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note yellowish or brownish legs, and streaking across breast which abruptly ends about halfway down the breast. Belly and lower breast are white in color. Large size separates it from the peeps, including the Least Sandpiper.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression in a tuft of vegetation and lined with leaves and grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4; 37 mm.; white to pale buff-olive in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21-23 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 284,
"SPECIES_ID": 1448,
"CLO": 1448,
"SPEC_NAME": "Sharp-tailed Sandpiper",
"LATINNAME": "Calidris acuminata",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tundra habitats; also frequents marshes, shorelines of lakes and ponds, wet grassy areas, mudflats, and flooded fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia and Australia. Considered a regular migrant in western Alaska. Becomes more rare as a migrant along the Pacific coast south to southern California; and becomes even more rare at other inland locations across the continent (A.O.U. 1998). Usually encountered as a fall migrant.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Pectoral Sandpiper; note 'V'-shaped streaking along flanks of adults. Most birds encountered, however, are immatures; when comparing to Pectoral Sandpiper, note white eyebrow (which is more conspicuous and broadens more behind the eye) and buffy wash across the upper breast. Pattern of streaking on most immatures is confined mostly to upper breast and sides.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 285,
"SPECIES_ID": 1449,
"CLO": 1449,
"SPEC_NAME": "Purple Sandpiper",
"LATINNAME": "Calidris maritima",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on the tundra; also frequents rocky seacoasts, jetties, and shorelines (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in Greenland and in the Arctic islands south to Southampton Island and James Bay. Winters in coastal areas from southern New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland south to Virginia, and occasionally along the shoreline of the Great Lakes region or the Gulf coast west to southern Texas. Considered casual or accidental elsewhere in North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: White eye-ring. Legs are yellow or orange in color. Note 2-toned bill: yellow or orange at base and dark at tip. Belly is white. Breast and sides are heavily streaked with grayish-brown in breeding plumage; in winter, this is replaced by a more uniform slate-gray wash across breast and flanks.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is placed within a clump of vegetation and lined with grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4, usually 4; 37 mm.; light olive or brown in color, with brown and black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and male cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21-22 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 286,
"SPECIES_ID": 1450,
"CLO": 1450,
"SPEC_NAME": "Rock Sandpiper",
"LATINNAME": "Calidris ptilocnemis",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "This species and the Purple Sandpiper are very similar in appearance and widely regarded as being conspecific (i.e., the same species). In winter plumage it is probably impossible to distinguish between these two species except by range.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on the tundra, in coastal or montane areas; also frequents rocky seacoasts and jetties (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in western Alaska and along the Aleutian Islands; winters from the Aleutian Islands south along the Pacific coast to central California.\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding plumage, the Rock Sandpiper has a black patch on lower breast, suggestive of Dunlin; note also streaking on flanks and fine streaking on upper breast. Feathers on crown and back are dark, with chestnut edgings; bill is slightly decurved at tip, paler at base. Winter plumage strongly resembles Purple Sandpiper; compare also with Surfbird.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is placed within moss or lichens and may be lined with grass and leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4; 39 mm.; olive in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 20 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 287,
"SPECIES_ID": 1451,
"CLO": 1451,
"SPEC_NAME": "Dunlin",
"LATINNAME": "Calidris alpina",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "In the winter and during migration, Dunlins may oftentimes be found in large numbers, with some flocks numbering several hundred or more individuals.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on the tundra; also frequents shorelines of lakes and ponds, mudflats, flooded fields, marshes, and sandy beaches (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northern, western, and south-coastal Alaska east to northern Mackenzie, northeastern Keewatin, and Baffin Island; and south to Southampton Island, northeastern Manitoba, and the south coast of Hudson Bay. Generally winters in coastal areas, from southeastern Alaska south to Baja California and Mexico; and in the east from the New England area south to Florida and along the Gulf coast (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding plumage, the rufous coloration to the back, decurved bill, and black belly patch are diagnostic. In winter, upperparts are dark gray, breast is pale gray, and belly is white in color; note that bill is shorter than in dowitchers; Dunlins are also larger than any of the North American peeps.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is placed within a clump of vegetation and lined with leaves and lichens.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 4; 34 mm.; green to olive-buff in color, with gray and reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21-22 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 19-21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 288,
"SPECIES_ID": 1452,
"CLO": 1452,
"SPEC_NAME": "Curlew Sandpiper",
"LATINNAME": "Calidris ferruginea",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The first North American nesting record for this species was documented in June 1962, near Barrow, Alaska.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on the tundra; also frequents mudflats, marshes, and beaches (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Africa, Asia, India, and Australia. It is a rare breeder in northern Alaska (near Barrow) (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Long, decurved bill. Bill shape and reddish or chestnut color in breeding plumage readily identifies this species. Becomes predominantly gray in color in winter plumage (compare with Dunlin); in flight, note the white rump.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is lined with mosses, lichens, and leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4; yellow to greenish-white in color, with black or brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs. Incubation lasts approximately 21 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 289,
"SPECIES_ID": 1453,
"CLO": 1453,
"SPEC_NAME": "Stilt Sandpiper",
"LATINNAME": "Micropalama himantopus",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "East of the Rocky Mountains, this species is a fairly common migrant, especially in the mid-West. Along the Atlantic coast, it is a rare spring migrant, but is actually common in the fall. Less frequently seen in the west, where it is rare.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on the tundra; also frequents mudflats, flooded fields, marshes, and shorelines of lakes and ponds (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northern Alaska and Yukon east to northern Mackenzie and Victoria Island; and southeast to southeastern Keewatin, northeastern Manitoba, and northern Ontario. Winters from South America north to Mexico; occasionally wintering birds are found in California, Florida, and along the Gulf coast (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Greenish legs, barred underparts, and chestnut auricular patch identify this species in breeding plumage. Bill is slightly decurved at tip. In winter, becomes grayer in appearance; compare with yellowlegs, dowitchers, and Curlew Sandpiper.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is placed within a clump of vegetation; sometimes lined with decayed leaves or grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4; 36 mm.; pale green to olive-green in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 19-21 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 17-18 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 290,
"SPECIES_ID": 1454,
"CLO": 1454,
"SPEC_NAME": "Buff-breasted Sandpiper",
"LATINNAME": "Tryngites subruficollis",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "If you do not know the habitat where this species is found, you may spend years looking for it without success. Hint: it does not frequent mudflats like many other shorebirds. Best time to look for this species is late August-mid Sept.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on the tundra; in migration, typically found in short-grass fields, pastures, sod farms, recently plowed fields, or even on dry mudflats where aquatic vegetation has just begun to grow.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in the Arctic tundra, from northern Alaska east across northern Yukon and northwestern Mackenzie to the Arctic islands. Winters in South America; migration in the fall is more widespread, which is why the fall is the best time to look for this species.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Buffy wash across face, throat, and breast; mottled brown on the upperparts. Underside of wings are white, as seen in flight.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is placed within moss or grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 4; 37 mm.; white to buff or olive, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 291,
"SPECIES_ID": 1455,
"CLO": 1455,
"SPEC_NAME": "Spoonbill Sandpiper",
"LATINNAME": "Eurynorhynchus pygmeus",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on mudflats, beaches, and on stone or shell banks (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Asian species; occasionally seen in northwestern Alaska and British Columbia (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Bill shape is definitive. Compare breeding plumage with Red-necked Stint.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 292,
"SPECIES_ID": 1456,
"CLO": 1456,
"SPEC_NAME": "Broad-billed Sandpiper",
"LATINNAME": "Limicola falcinellus",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in wet meadows, marshes, bogs, grassy sloughs, and muddy ponds (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, India, and Australia; occasionally seen in the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Double white eyebrow gives head and crown an appearance suggestive of Common Snipe. Note long bill (with droop at tip), short legs.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 293,
"SPECIES_ID": 1457,
"CLO": 1457,
"SPEC_NAME": "Ruff",
"LATINNAME": "Philomachus pugnax",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Perhaps the only bird in the world with two commonly accepted names: its official name is Ruff, but a female of this species may also be called a Reeve.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tundra habitats, along shorelines of lakes and ponds, in marshes, flooded fields, or meadows, or on mudflats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, India, and Australia; has bred in Alaska. Encountered in migration in Alaska. Elsewhere in North America, it is a rare migrant along both coasts, even more rare inland. However, the trend is for more individuals to be seen each year.\r\n\r\nField Marks: This species features extreme sexual dimorphism in both size and plumage; males average 2-1/2 to 2-3/4 inches larger than females, and in breeding plumage males sport variably colored head tufts and neck plumes suggestive of a Sage Grouse. In breeding plumage, females tend to be brownish-black on upperparts with black blotching on the breast. Non-breeding plumage features gray-brown upperparts with dark-centered feathers, paler on the breast, and a white belly. Most books describe the Ruff as 'plump' or 'pot-bellied'; compare shape with Upland Sandpiper. Leg color may vary between yellow, orange, green, or red; compare also with Greater and Lesser Yellowlegs. Distinctive, white 'U'-shape on rump is present in all plumages.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4; pale green, gray, or buff in color, with conspicuous brown spots.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Males display on a lek. Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 294,
"SPECIES_ID": 1458,
"CLO": 1458,
"SPEC_NAME": "Wilson's Phalarope",
"LATINNAME": "Steganopus tricolor",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.6 ***",
"SECRETS": "Phalaropes twirl around in the water to disturb or stir up aquatic insects or other small life forms, which it then eats. When this occurs, the Wilson's Phalarope resembles a wind-up toy that has been thrown into the water.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on marshes, wet meadows, mudflats, and shorelines of lakes or ponds.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from coastal British Columbia and southern Yukon east across Alberta, central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, southern Ontario, extreme southern Quebec, and New York to New Brunswick; and south to east-central California and northern Texas, then north-eastward to Kansas, western Nebraska, eastern South Dakota, and northern Iowa east to northern Ohio. Winters in South America; occasionally recorded in North America during the winter season (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding plumage, note needle-like bill and color patterns on head and neck. Non-breeding plumage features gray upperparts and white underparts. Lacks a white wing stripe in flight; however, note white rump. Legs are dark in breeding season, but are yellow throughout the fall migration.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Semi-colonial. Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is placed within a clump of vegetation and lined with grass; usually near water.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4, usually 4; 33 mm.; buffy in color, dotted and blotched with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Male incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 16-21 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 295,
"SPECIES_ID": 1459,
"CLO": 1459,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-necked Phalarope",
"LATINNAME": "Phalaropus lobatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Phalaropes are often cited as examples of reversed sexual dimorphism: females are larger, are typically more brightly colored, and they also initiate courtship. Males incubate eggs and rear the young.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on the tundra; also frequents lakes, ponds, marshes, estuaries, and bays in migration; winters at sea (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska east across Yukon, northern Mackenzie, and central Keewatin to Victoria and southern Baffin Islands; and south to northwestern British Columbia, northern Alberta, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, northern Quebec, and the Labrador coast. Also breeds in Greenland. Most birds winter at sea in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: White wing stripe, seen in flight. In breeding plumage, note reddish-brown color on side of neck, and dark back with chestnut or buffy streaks. Winter plumage is predominantly gray; note dark gray back with paler streaks, white underparts and forecrown, and dark eye patch. Bill is thicker than in Wilson's Phalarope, but thinner than in Red Phalarope.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which forms a domed cup of grass; lined with bits of leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 4; 29 mm.; olive in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Male incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 19 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 20 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 296,
"SPECIES_ID": 1460,
"CLO": 1460,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red Phalarope",
"LATINNAME": "Phalaropus fulicaria",
"FAMILY_ID": "SCOL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Perhaps the most difficult of the three phalaropes to see; its movements during migration are along the east and west coast and it winters at sea; rarely seen at inland locations.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on the tundra. Also frequents bays and estuaries in migration; when found at inland locations, may also occur on lakes, ponds, or marshes; winters at sea (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in the Arctic tundra from western and northern Alaska east across northern Yukon, northern Mackenzie, eastern Keewatin, and the Arctic islands to Greenland. Winters at sea in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding plumage, note two-toned bill, reddish-brown underparts, and white face. Bill is shorter and thicker than in other phalaropes. White wing stripe, seen in flight. Winter plumage is predominantly gray; note dark gray back without streaks (compare with Red-necked Phalarope), white underparts and forecrown, and dark eye patch.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Semi-colonial. Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is often lined with grasses or moss.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 4; 32 mm.; gray-buff to olive-brown in color, with chestnut and black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Male incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 18-20 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 16-21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 297,
"SPECIES_ID": 1474,
"CLO": 1474,
"SPEC_NAME": "Double-striped Thick-knee",
"LATINNAME": "Burhinus bistriatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "BURH",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Thick-knees represent a group of mostly terrestrial shorebirds which are mostly nocturnal in their habits. They have an enlarged ankle joint, from which their name is derived.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in savannas, grasslands, or other similar habitats, usually in arid conditions.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico, Central America, and South America; considered accidental in Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note striped crown, white belly, gray-brown upperparts and chest, and yellowish legs.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 298,
"SPECIES_ID": 1483,
"CLO": 1483,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black Oystercatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Haematopus bachmani",
"FAMILY_ID": "HAEM",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "In Baja California, the Black Oystercatcher and American Oystercatcher overlap in range, and hybrids are known; some authorities consider these two species of oystercatchers to be conspecific (A.O.U. 1998).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along rocky seacoasts and occasionally on adjacent beaches or mudflats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident along the Pacific coast from the Aleutian Islands south to Baja California.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Plumage is entirely black or blackish-brown; note thick, red bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is lined with bits of rock or shells.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 57 mm.; buffy in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 24-29 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 35 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 299,
"SPECIES_ID": 1484,
"CLO": 1484,
"SPEC_NAME": "American Oystercatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Haematopus palliatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "HAEM",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The shorelines of every continent except Antarctica are known to have one or more species of oystercatchers; these birds specialize in feeding on bivalve shellfish or clams.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along rocky or sandy seacoasts (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds along the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts from Massachusetts south to Florida, west to Texas and Mexico, and north to Baja California. It is resident throughout most of its range, except for the extreme northeastern populations.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note thick, red bill and pied appearance to head, wings, and body.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression placed in the sand.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3; 56 mm.; green-brown or buff in color, spotted or blotched with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 24-29 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 35 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 300,
"SPECIES_ID": 1491,
"CLO": 1491,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-winged Stilt",
"LATINNAME": "Himantopus himantopus",
"FAMILY_ID": "RECU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshes and flooded fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, India, and Australia; considered accidental in Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black wings, white underparts. Note white crown and hind neck (compare with Black-necked Stilt); sometimes crown and hind neck may be dusky gray in color.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 301,
"SPECIES_ID": 1494,
"CLO": 1494,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-necked Stilt",
"LATINNAME": "Himantopus mexicanus",
"FAMILY_ID": "RECU",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "3.2",
"SECRETS": "Stilts are often gregarious, a behavior pattern most readily seen during the breeding season when one or more birds will fly over and dive at humans who approach too closely to nest site.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on mudflats or in shallow marshes, ponds, or flooded fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range along the Atlantic coast extends from southeastern Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia south to southern Florida; elsewhere in North America, breeding range extends (often locally) from Washington, southern Alberta, Montana, Nebraska, southeastern Missouri, southwestern Kentucky, and western Tennessee south to southern Alabama, southern Mississippi, the Gulf coast, Baja California, and Mexico. Generally winters from northern California, the Gulf coast, and central Florida south into Mexico, Central America, and South America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Long reddish-pink legs and black and white plumage are unmistakable.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in small colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression, usually on bare ground and lined with weed stalks, pebbles, and other materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 44 mm.; yellow or buff in color, with black or brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 22-26 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 28-32 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 302,
"SPECIES_ID": 1498,
"CLO": 1498,
"SPEC_NAME": "American Avocet",
"LATINNAME": "Recurvirostra americana",
"FAMILY_ID": "RECU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.5",
"SECRETS": "In winter, large concentrations may form, sometimes numbering 600 or more birds; however, avocets are most often seen in the western half of N. America. East of the Mississippi in the interior U.S., they are uncommon to rare in migration.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on mudflats or in marshes, ponds, estuaries, and fresh-water or alkaline lakes; prefers alkaline lakes for breeding (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern British Columbia, central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, western Ontario, and western Minnesota south to northern Baja California, Arizona, southern Colorado, southern New Mexico, Mexico, and Kansas; also along coastal Texas and coastal North Carolina. Generally winters in coastal areas from northern California, western Louisiana, and coastal Mississippi & Alabama south to Mexico and Central America; some birds also winter in southern Florida and Delaware (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Long, recurved bill, long legs, and black and white wing pattern make this bird easy to identify. Note rusty or tan color to head and neck in breeding season; becomes gray in winter plumage.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression, usually on bare ground and lined with a few dry grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 50 mm.; olive in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 22-29 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 28-35 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 303,
"SPECIES_ID": 1511,
"CLO": 1511,
"SPEC_NAME": "Oriental Pratincole",
"LATINNAME": "Glareola maldivarum",
"FAMILY_ID": "GLAR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in grassy steppe habitat (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia, India, and Australia; considered accidental in Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note forked tail and dark, brownish-gray upperparts, white rump, and chestnut wing linings; cream-colored throat is outlined in black; bill is dark with a small amount of red is at base of lower mandible.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 304,
"SPECIES_ID": 1518,
"CLO": 1518,
"SPEC_NAME": "European Golden-Plover",
"LATINNAME": "Pluvialis apricaria",
"FAMILY_ID": "CHAR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in grassy tundra habitats, plowed fields, and prairies or pastures with short grass; occasionally also on mudflats or beaches (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and India; regularly occurs in Greenland during migration; is occasionally seen in Labrador and Newfoundland (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with American Golden-Plover: note larger size, white axillaries and paler underwing surface, and brighter colors on back and wings.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 305,
"SPECIES_ID": 1519,
"CLO": 1519,
"SPEC_NAME": "Pacific Golden-Plover",
"LATINNAME": "Pluvialis fulva",
"FAMILY_ID": "CHAR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "In the fall and winter, one of the best places to see this species in California is the Spaletta Plateau area within the Point Reyes National Seashore; local birders can direct you to the spot!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in grassy tundra habitats, plowed fields, and pastures; occasionally also on mudflats or beaches (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Eurasian species; winters in Africa, India, Asia, Australia, and the Hawaiian Islands. Breeds in Europe and Asia; also breeds along the coast of the Bering Sea in Alaska. In migration, seen in the Aleutian Islands and along the Pacific coast of California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with American Golden-Plover: note that, in breeding plumage, white stripe that extends from forehead is narrower and continues down the side of the bird onto the flanks; in both breeding and non-breeding plumage, there is a brighter golden wash on the upperparts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is lined with mosses, leaves, and other vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: Assumed to be same as American Golden-Plover: 3-4, usually 4; 48 mm.; cinnamon to light buff or cream in color, with conspicuous spots or blotches of black or brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Assumed to be same as American Golden-Plover: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 26-27 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 22 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 306,
"SPECIES_ID": 1520,
"CLO": 1520,
"SPEC_NAME": "American Golden-Plover",
"LATINNAME": "Pluvialis dominica",
"FAMILY_ID": "CHAR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Once treated as a subspecies of the 'Lesser Golden-Plover'; however, that species was split into the Pacific Golden-Plover and the American Golden-Plover; large flocks of 500 or more can be seen during spring migration.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in grassy tundra habitats, plowed fields, and prairies or pastures with short grass; occasionally also on mudflats or beaches (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and Yukon east across northern Mackenzie to the Arctic islands; and south to north-central British Columbia, northeastern Manitoba, northern Ontario, and Southampton Island. Winters in South America; spring migration is primarily through interior of continent (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Pacific Golden-Plover: note that, in breeding plumage, white stripe that extends from forehead is wider, expands into a large patch on the side of the breast, and does not continue down the side of the bird onto the flanks; in both breeding and non-breeding plumage, the golden wash on the upperparts is duller.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is lined with mosses, leaves, and other vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4, usually 4; 48 mm.; cinnamon to light buff or cream in color, with conspicuous spots or blotches of black or brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 26-27 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 22 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 307,
"SPECIES_ID": 1521,
"CLO": 1521,
"SPEC_NAME": "Gray Plover",
"LATINNAME": "Pluvialis squatarola",
"FAMILY_ID": "CHAR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Not as gregarious in the interior of North America as the American Golden-Plover; in fact, it is uncommon to see more than 10 or 15 birds at a time during the migration. Note that it is more common along the coasts.",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "Black-bellied Plover",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on the tundra; also frequents mudflats, beaches, shorelines of lakes and ponds, and plowed fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from western and northern Alaska east across northwestern and north-central Mackenzie and northern Keewatin to the Arctic islands. Winters predominantly in coastal areas; from southwestern British Columbia south to Baja California and Mexico in the west; and from southern New England south to Florida and west to Texas and Mexico in the east (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with the Golden-Plovers: note that this species lacks a golden wash on back and wings; note also white crown in breeding plumage. Grayer in appearance, it is also told from the Golden-Plovers by white uppertail coverts and black axillaries, as seen in flight.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is lined with mosses, grasses, and lichens.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4, usually 4; 52 mm.; gray, green, white, or brown in color, with dark black or brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 26-27 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 35-45 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 308,
"SPECIES_ID": 1523,
"CLO": 1523,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Ringed Plover",
"LATINNAME": "Charadrius hiaticula",
"FAMILY_ID": "CHAR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tundra habitats, sandy areas, cultivated fields, or areas with short grass near water; also frequents mudflats, beaches, and shorelines of lakes, ponds, and rivers (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, and Africa. In North America, it is a local breeder in western Alaska and the Arctic islands. It also breeds in Greenland. Does not winter in North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare closely with Semipalmated Plover; breast band is often broader in the center of the chest than on Semipalmated Plover, and white eyebrow tends to be more conspicuous. However, whenever possible, it may be best to use voice to separate these two species.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is sometimes lined with bits of shells, small stones, or other materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4, usually 4; buffy in color, with black or brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 23 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 24 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 309,
"SPECIES_ID": 1524,
"CLO": 1524,
"SPEC_NAME": "Semipalmated Plover",
"LATINNAME": "Charadrius semipalmatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "CHAR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Common call, a whistled, rising 'chu-weet', is diagnostic of this species and can be used to identify birds at great distances, in the fog, or when birds are flying high overhead.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tundra habitats and in areas with little or no vegetation, such as sandy beaches, gravelly plains, mudflats, dirt fields, and bare shorelines of lakes and ponds (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and Yukon east across the Arctic islands, northern Mackenzie, and northern Keewatin to the northern Labrador coast; and south to central British Columbia, northeastern Alberta, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, central Quebec, southern New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia. Winters predominantly in coastal areas; from Washington south to Baja California and Mexico in the west; and from South Carolina south to Florida and west to Texas and Mexico in the east (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Single complete breast band; short, bicolored bill (more uniformly dark in winter), and dark upperparts separate this species from Piping and Snowy Plovers. Note also orange-colored legs.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in loose colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is sometimes lined with shell bits or grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4, usually 4; 33 mm.; buffy in color, with conspicuous spots, streaks, or blotches of black or brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 23-25 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 22-31 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 310,
"SPECIES_ID": 1526,
"CLO": 1526,
"SPEC_NAME": "Little Ringed Plover",
"LATINNAME": "Charadrius dubius",
"FAMILY_ID": "CHAR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in inland fresh-water areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, India, and Australia; occasionally seen in the western Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Single breast band; black feathering that is on forehead and encompasses the eye is separated from brown crown by a white line. Bill is mostly dark.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 311,
"SPECIES_ID": 1527,
"CLO": 1527,
"SPEC_NAME": "Wilson's Plover",
"LATINNAME": "Charadrius wilsonia",
"FAMILY_ID": "CHAR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "When identifying Wilson's and Semipalmated Plovers in the breeding season, beware of confusing half-grown Killdeer with these species: although adult Killdeer have two breast bands, the juvenile plumage features only one band.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on sandy beaches and tidal mudflats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in coastal areas. In the west breeding range extends from central Baja California south to Mexico; in the east, it extends from southern New Jersey south along the Atlantic coast to Florida, then west along the Gulf coast to Texas and south to Mexico. Generally winters from Baja California, the Gulf coast, and Florida south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Bill is all black; size and length of bill is greater than in Semipalmated Sandpiper or Snowy Plover. One single neck band, which is brown in female and black in male.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Sometimes breeds in loose colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3; 36 mm.; buffy in color, with spots, scrawls, or blotches of black or brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 23-24 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 312,
"SPECIES_ID": 1528,
"CLO": 1528,
"SPEC_NAME": "Killdeer",
"LATINNAME": "Charadrius vociferus",
"FAMILY_ID": "CHAR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.4 ****",
"SECRETS": "True to its scientific name, the Killdeer is an extremely vociferous species; in a flock of shorebirds, it is often the first to sound alarm, which usually results in the other shorebirds taking flight, much to the dismay of the birder.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a wide diversity of open habitats, including agricultural fields, pastures, mudflats, meadows, and even urban areas; usually, but not always, near water (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: An extremely common and widespread species; breeds throughout North America south of central and northern Alaska, central Yukon, Keewatin, and northern Quebec. Birds in the northern half of the breeding range, especially in the interior of North America, are migratory.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Reddish-orange rump and the presence of two breast bands separate this species from all other plovers. Call, 'kill-deer', is also easily recognized, even by the novice birder.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, sometimes on gravel of railroad bed, parking lot, or other similar areas; nest is a simple scrape or depression.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 37 mm.; gray-buff in color, with spots, scrawls, or blotches of black or brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 24-28 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 25 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 313,
"SPECIES_ID": 1534,
"CLO": 1534,
"SPEC_NAME": "Piping Plover",
"LATINNAME": "Charadrius melodus",
"FAMILY_ID": "CHAR",
"STATUS": "Endangered, Threatened",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "As is true of most plovers, the Piping Plover displays the 'start-stop' method when feeding or walking: this consists of the bird taking a few steps, stopping, looking around, perhaps picking at food, then taking a few more steps.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on beaches, river sandbars, mudflats, and along shorelines of lakes and ponds, usually in sandy or alkaline conditions (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: A localized breeder throughout most of its range. Breeding range in the interior of the continent extends from south-central portions of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, and northern Minnesota south to north-central and northeastern Montana, central Nebraska, and northern Iowa; also breeds in the Great Lakes region, and along the Atlantic coast from New Brunswick, southern Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland south to South Carolina. Generally winters in coastal areas, along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts from North Carolina south to Florida, then west to eastern Texas and Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Orange legs, pale back and crown, bicolored bill (all dark in winter), one single (sometimes incomplete) breast band.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is sometimes lined with shells.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 31 mm.; buff in color, with purple or black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 25-31 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 20-32 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 314,
"SPECIES_ID": 1536,
"CLO": 1536,
"SPEC_NAME": "Snowy Plover",
"LATINNAME": "Charadrius alexandrinus",
"FAMILY_ID": "CHAR",
"STATUS": "Threatened in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "This species and the Piping Plover are, because of the pale coloration of their upperparts, often difficult to see against the background of sand-colored beaches.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on sandy beaches, dry mudflats, and along shorelines of lakes, ponds and rivers, usually in sandy conditions (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds along the Pacific coast from southern Washington south to Baja California and Mexico; and along the Gulf coast from Florida west to Texas and south to Mexico; also breeds locally in the interior of the continent within the following states and provinces: southern Oregon, California, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, Montana, southern Saskatchewan, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, Arizona, and New Mexico. Generally winters in coastal areas, essentially occurring throughout the coastal area of its breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note black legs, black bill, pale back and crown, and conspicuously incomplete breast band. Also has dark patch behind the eye.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Sometimes breeds in loose colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is sometimes lined with pieces of shells.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-3, usually 3; 30 mm.; buff in color, spotted or scrawled with black or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 27-28 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 31 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 315,
"SPECIES_ID": 1541,
"CLO": 1541,
"SPEC_NAME": "Collared Plover",
"LATINNAME": "Charadrius collaris",
"FAMILY_ID": "CHAR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on river sandbars, sandy beaches, coastal lagoons, and shorelines of rivers, lakes, or ponds.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident from Mexico south to South America; considered accidental in Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Single breast band; black feathering on lores and top of crown, with rear of crown and hindneck having a variable amount of chestnut color; bill is thin and dark, and legs are yellowish in color.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeding range includes Central America and South America; also breeds in Mexico.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 316,
"SPECIES_ID": 1545,
"CLO": 1545,
"SPEC_NAME": "Mongolian Plover",
"LATINNAME": "Charadrius mongolus",
"FAMILY_ID": "CHAR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on beaches, mudflats, and along shoreline of lakes, rivers, and ponds (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, India, and Australia; migrates regularly through Alaska, occasionally seen elsewhere in North America; has bred in northern and western Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding plumage, note rust-colored breast and traces of rust on crown and nape; white throat outlined in black; becomes predominantly gray in winter. Buffy wash extends across chest of immatures.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is lined with leaves and other vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-3; cinnamon-buff to olive-buff in color, spotted with black or brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 317,
"SPECIES_ID": 1549,
"CLO": 1549,
"SPEC_NAME": "Mountain Plover",
"LATINNAME": "Charadrius montanus",
"FAMILY_ID": "CHAR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.7 ***",
"SECRETS": "This species employs an interesting and complex breeding strategy: the female lays one clutch of eggs, which the male incubates; then the female lays another clutch of eggs about 11-13 days later, which she incubates.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open grasslands and short-grass prairie habitats; also in plowed fields or sandy deserts (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Locally distributed throughout breeding range, which extends from southern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan south through Montana, Wyoming, western Nebraska, Colorado, and western Kansas, and continuing to northeastern Utah, New Mexico, western Texas, and western Oklahoma. Generally winters from central California, southern Arizona, and central Texas south to Baja California and northern Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Does not have breast bands, a feature which distinguishes this species from all other North American brown-backed plovers; note also buffy tinge to sides, which extends across breast in winter plumage; white forehead and white underwings (as seen in flight).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is sometimes lined with rootlets or dried grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-4, usually 3; 38 mm.; olive in color, spotted or scrawled with black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 28-31 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 33-34 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 318,
"SPECIES_ID": 1554,
"CLO": 1554,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eurasian Dotterel",
"LATINNAME": "Eudromias morinellus",
"FAMILY_ID": "CHAR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open stony or sandy areas, recently plowed fields, grasslands, and plains; also may frequent marshes, mudflats, and coastal areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, and Africa; migrates regularly through Alaska; elsewhere on the Pacific coast, it is considered accidental in Washington and California. It breeds in northern and western Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding plumage, note black belly, tan sides and flanks, white undertail coverts, white throat, and white eyebrow. Upperparts brownish-gray. Becomes duller in winter, with a pale white belly.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is lined with lichens or leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3; yellow-olive to red-brown in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Apparently, both sexes incubate the eggs, although male may perform most of this role.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 319,
"SPECIES_ID": 1560,
"CLO": 1560,
"SPEC_NAME": "Northern Lapwing",
"LATINNAME": "Vanellus vanellus",
"FAMILY_ID": "CHAR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open or cultivated fields, pastures, wet meadows, bogs, mudflats, and coastal areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and India; occasionally seen in northeastern North America, usually in the fall (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note orange undertail coverts, black and white tail, white belly, black breast band, and conspicuous crest.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 320,
"SPECIES_ID": 1586,
"CLO": 1586,
"SPEC_NAME": "Band-tailed Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Larus belcheri",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coastal waters, including bays and estuaries (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to South America; occasionally seen in Panama and Florida (A.O.U. 1998). Accidental in California, where one bird was observed in 1997.\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding plumage, note slaty black mantle and white trailing edge to wing; yellow bill is large and heavy, with the outer third red in color, and with a black spot present on the upper mandible. Tail is white with a black, subterminal band.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 321,
"SPECIES_ID": 1588,
"CLO": 1588,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-tailed Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Larus crassirostris",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coastal waters and on small, rocky, coastal islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Japan and the Kuril Islands; considered casual or accidental in Alaska, British Columbia, California, and Maryland (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Ring-billed Gull; bill also has a black ring, but is somewhat larger and is tipped with red. Note black, subterminal band on tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 322,
"SPECIES_ID": 1590,
"CLO": 1590,
"SPEC_NAME": "Heermann's Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Larus heermanni",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Beginning in about late June-early July, Heermann's Gulls disperse northward along the Pacific coast, where they may be seen throughout the fall. Their numbers start declining about mid-November & by February most birds have returned south.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on small islands or isolated coasts; generally found in coastal waters or adjacent sandy beaches (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends along the Pacific coast from Mexico north to Baja California and occasionally in southern California. Post-breeding dispersal along the Pacific coast results in birds appearing as far north as southern British Columbia, and as far south as Guatemala; occasionally seen further inland (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Years to adult plumage: 3-4. Adult has white head, red bill with a dark tip, dark gray mantle, somewhat paler gray underparts, and a black tail with a white terminal band; in winter, head becomes streaked with grayish-brown. Younger birds are much darker.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a simple scrape or depression; or it may be a saucer-shaped nest built from sticks, grasses, and weeds.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-3, usually 3; 59 mm.; pearl gray in color with lavender, brown, and olive markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 28 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 323,
"SPECIES_ID": 1593,
"CLO": 1593,
"SPEC_NAME": "Mew Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Larus canus",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Compare with Ring-billed Gull. Study the head shape; the shape, size, and color of the bill; and the flight pattern of Mew Gulls. In time, you will be able to identify this bird at a distance, even with the naked eye.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coastal waters and nearby areas, usually in rocky or sandy habitats; also frequents inland lakes, rivers, and marshes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska, central Yukon, and northwestern and southern Mackenzie south to British Columbia and northern Alberta; also breeds at Churchill in northeastern Manitoba. Generally winters from southern Alaska south along the Pacific coast to northern Baja California; and inland to eastern Washington & Oregon, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona; very rare or accidental at inland locations east of the Rockies (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Years to adult plumage: 3. Adult has white head, completely yellow bill, black wing tips, and gray mantle. Note pigeon-headed appearance to head and white spots at end of primary feathers. Second-winter birds are similar but bill has a dark tip; also note dark tail band. First winter birds have a brownish-gray wash throughout wings and underparts, and a darker tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Usually breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground, usually near water; nest is a scrape or simple structure built from seaweeds, grasses, and weed stalks.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-3, usually 3; 57 mm.; yellow-brown to green-brown in color with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 24-26 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 30-32 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 324,
"SPECIES_ID": 1595,
"CLO": 1595,
"SPEC_NAME": "Ring-billed Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Larus delawarensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "3.5 ****",
"SECRETS": "In the west, the range of this species overlaps with the California Gull. Take advantage of this opportunity to study these birds side by side; this will enable you to find vagrant California Gulls in the eastern U.S.!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a wide variety of fresh-water and salt-water habitats; also away from water in agricultural fields, large grassy lawns, and garbage dumps.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from British Columbia and northeastern Alberta east to Saskatchewan, north-central Manitoba, northern Ontario, southern Quebec, southern Labrador, and northeastern Newfoundland; and south to northeastern California, northwestern Nevada, northwestern Utah, and Wyoming east to the Great Lakes region, New York, New Hampshire, and New Brunswick. Winters in portions of southern Canada and throughout most of the United States south to Mexico and Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Years to adult plumage: 3. Adult has white head, yellow bill with a black subterminal ring, pale eyes (compare with California Gull), black wing tips, and gray mantle. Second-winter birds are similar but tail has a diffuse dark terminal band. First winter birds have a brownish-gray wash throughout wings and an obvious dark tail band; entire tip of bill is dark.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Usually breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is simple saucer-shaped structure built from weeds and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-7, usually 2-4; 59 mm.; light brown in color with darker brown, lavender, and gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 325,
"SPECIES_ID": 1596,
"CLO": 1596,
"SPEC_NAME": "California Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Larus californicus",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.3",
"SECRETS": "Casual or accidental in eastern North America (A.O.U. 1998); scan large flocks of Ring-billed Gulls carefully to locate this rare eastern visitor.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in lakes, marshes, and along seacoasts, bays, and estuaries; also frequents mudflats, agricultural fields, and garbage dumps (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern Mackenzie south through Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba to central Montana, North Dakota, and northeastern South Dakota. Breeding range continues from southern British Columbia, Idaho, and southwestern Montana south to Washington, Oregon, northeastern California, western Nevada, northern Utah, and Colorado. Winter distribution includes most areas south of a line running from British Columbia to eastern Idaho, Montana, and eastern Colorado; most common at this time along the Pacific coast (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Years to adult plumage: 4. Adult has white head, yellow bill with red and black spots, and gray mantle. Note dark eye and greenish-yellow legs. Second-winter birds have a brownish-gray wash on wings and back, and a bicolored bill; first-winter birds are darker. Compare closely with Herring and Ring-billed Gull; also with Lesser Black-backed Gull.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Usually breeds in colonies, on islands with a sandy or gravelly substrate, or along the shoreline of lakes and ponds. Nests on the ground; nest is simple structure built of rubbish, weeds, and sticks.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-5, usually 2-3; 68 mm.; olive-buff in color with bold gray and brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 25 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 45 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 326,
"SPECIES_ID": 1597,
"CLO": 1597,
"SPEC_NAME": "Great Black-backed Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Larus marinus",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.2",
"SECRETS": "Our largest North American gull; scan large inland lakes east of the Missouri River in the winter -- on rare occasions you may be lucky to find this species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on rocky coasts & islands, estuaries, beaches, and bays; may also frequent large inland lakes or garbage dumps (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range is primarily along the Atlantic coast from northern Quebec, northern Labrador, and Newfoundland south to the St. Lawrence River and along the coast to North Carolina; also breeds in southern Ontario, New York, and northern Vermont. Generally winters along the Atlantic coast throughout breeding range south to Florida; on the Great Lakes; and less commonly on the Gulf coast of Florida. Occasionally seen in winter at other inland locations in North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Years to adult plumage: 4. Large size and huge bill, combined with black mantle and wings of adult, are good field marks for this species. Wing tips are mostly black except for white spots at extreme edges of primary feathers. Plumage is highly variable; first-winter birds are similar in appearance to Herring Gull but not as dark; dark mantle and wings appear progressively over second and third years of age.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Sometimes breeds in colonies, on rocky coasts or, less frequently, on inland lakes. Nests on the ground; nest is simple structure built of seaweeds, grasses, mosses, and sticks.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-5, usually 2-3; 78 mm.; brown or olive with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 26-29 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 49-56 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 328,
"SPECIES_ID": 1599,
"CLO": 1599,
"SPEC_NAME": "Glaucous-winged Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Larus glaucescens",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.6",
"SECRETS": "Frequent hybridization between this species and the Western Gull has been documented; also known to hybridize with Herring Gull (A.O.U. 1998).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on coastal waters and associated estuaries, beaches, and bays; and along rocky seacoasts. May also frequent garbage dumps (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from the Bering coast of Alaska south along the Pacific coast to Washington and northwestern Oregon. Generally winters in the south Bering Sea and along the Pacific coast from Alaska south to Baja California; casual to accidental further inland (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Years to adult plumage: 4. A large gull; in all plumages note pale mantle and lack of black or dark-colored wing tips. However, compare with Thayer's and Glaucous Gulls.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, on islands or cliffs in association with rocky seacoasts. Nests on the ground; nest is simple structure built of seaweeds, straw, and other materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2-3; 71 mm.; buff, olive-buff, or olive, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 27-29 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 35-54 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 329,
"SPECIES_ID": 1600,
"CLO": 1600,
"SPEC_NAME": "Western Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Larus occidentalis",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.8",
"SECRETS": "Rare inland; along the Pacific coast, this is the darkest-backed gull with a white belly.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on coastal waters and associated estuaries, beaches, and bays; and along rocky seacoasts. May also frequent garbage dumps (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends along the Pacific coast from southwestern British Columbia south to west-central Baja California; generally winters throughout breeding range south to southern Baja California; occasionally seen further inland (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Years to adult plumage: 4. A large gull; adults have dark mantle and white head. Third-winter birds are similar to adults; second-winter birds have brown wash throughout wings and dark tip to bill; first-winter birds are dark gray overall, with black bill. From Monterey northward, adults typically have paler backs and darker eyes than those individuals found south of Monterey. In all plumages, compare with Herring Gull.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, on islands or cliffs in association with rocky seacoasts. Nests on the ground; nest is simple structure built of weeds and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-5, usually 3; 72 mm.; buff-olive in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 26 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 42-49 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 330,
"SPECIES_ID": 1601,
"CLO": 1601,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow-footed Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Larus livens",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "This species was formerly considered a subspecies of Western Gull, but was recently split from that species. The Salton Sea is one of the best locations to look for Yellow-footed Gulls in the United States.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on coastal waters and associated sandy beaches (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in the Gulf of California; post-breeding migration occurs inland to Salton Sea; also winters within the Gulf of California and occasionally as far north as coastal southern California in San Diego (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Years to adult plumage: 3. A large gull; adults are similar to Western Gull but have yellow legs and feet. Second-winter bird is like adult but tail is extensively black; note dark tip to bill. In first-winter birds, note mostly white color to head and body, mostly dark bill, and brownish wash in back and wings.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Little information is known; perhaps similar to Western Gull.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 331,
"SPECIES_ID": 1602,
"CLO": 1602,
"SPEC_NAME": "Glaucous Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Larus hyperboreus",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Some female Glaucous Gulls are so small that size alone should not be used to separate this species from similar Iceland Gull; compare wing pattern, wing length, body size, bill size and bill color to separate these two species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on coastal waters and associated estuaries, beaches, and bays; and in tundra lakes or along rocky seacoasts. May also frequent large inland lakes and garbage dumps (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in Greenland and on Arctic coasts and islands from western Alaska east to northern Labrador. Winters in the west in coastal waters from northwestern Alaska south to northern Baja California; and in the east along the Atlantic coast from Labrador south to Florida, and occasionally west along the Gulf coast to Texas; also winters inland to the Great Lakes region (A.O.U. 1998); occasionally seen at other inland locations on large lakes or reservoirs.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Years to adult plumage: 4. In adult plumage, white wing tips appear translucent and have no black or gray markings (compare with Iceland and Glaucous-winged Gulls). Younger birds are similar to adults but may have buffy wash (some first-winter birds may be practically all white in color, however); mandible of younger birds typically has a dark smudge or tip.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, usually near colonies of other seabirds. Nests on steep cliff faces or on shore of tundra lakes; nest is simple structure built of seaweeds, mosses, and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3; 76 mm.; buffy-brown or deep olive-buff, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 27-28 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 45-50 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 332,
"SPECIES_ID": 1603,
"CLO": 1603,
"SPEC_NAME": "Iceland Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Larus glaucoides",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Identification problems are well-documented with this species, and the similar Thayer's and Glaucous Gulls. Kumlien's subspecies of Iceland Gull is considered a separate species by some, and a hybrid Thayer's x Iceland by others.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coastal waters, less commonly on large inland lakes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes southern Baffin Island, northwestern Quebec, and Greenland. Generally winters along the Atlantic coast from Newfoundland and the Gulf of St. Lawrence south to Virginia and Bermuda; also winters inland to the Great Lakes region; rare to accidental at other inland sites in North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Years to adult plumage: 4. Plumage is similar to Glaucous Gull; size approximates that of Herring Gull. Comparisons in all plumages must also be made to Thayer's Gull. Some Iceland Gulls have white outer primaries, whereas others have a variable amount of gray spots on the tips of the outer primaries (as seen from above). First winter birds have a black bill, but second winter birds exhibit a pale base to the bill; again, compare closely with Thayer's Gull and Glaucous Gull.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on steep cliff faces; nest is simple structure built of seaweeds, mosses, and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-3; 68 mm.; reddish-brown in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes likely incubate the eggs and care for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 333,
"SPECIES_ID": 1604,
"CLO": 1604,
"SPEC_NAME": "Thayer's Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Larus thayeri",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Recently treated as a subspecies of Herring Gull, Thayer's Gull was given full species status in 1973. Some authorities feel it is a subspecies of Iceland Gull. This controversial species is coveted by some birders and ignored by others.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tundra habitats and on coastal waters and associated estuaries, beaches, and bays. May also frequent inland lakes, rivers, and garbage dumps (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in northwestern Greenland and on the Arctic islands; generally winters along the Pacific coast from southern British Columbia south to central Baja California and, to a lesser extent, in portions of Alaska, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and the Great Lakes region; rare elsewhere in North America during the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Years to adult plumage: 4. Identification is often difficult; one must compare this species with the Herring and Iceland Gulls. Adult is usually separated from Herring Gull by dark eye and pale gray primary feathers (as seen from below in flying bird). Interested readers are encouraged to consult A Field Guide to Advanced Birding (by Kenn Kaufman, 1990, Houghton Mifflin Co.) or the Audubon Society Master Guide to Birding, volume 2 (edited by John Farrand, Jr., 1983, Alfred A. Knopf) for good discussions on how to identify Thayer's, Herring, Glaucous, and Iceland Gulls in the field.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on cliff faces.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-3, usually 2; 74 mm.; mottled brown or olive in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes likely incubate the eggs and care for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 334,
"SPECIES_ID": 1605,
"CLO": 1605,
"SPEC_NAME": "Herring Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Larus argentatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.6 ***",
"SECRETS": "At large dams and spillways, closely examine large flocks of wintering Herring Gulls for rare gulls, including Thayer's and Iceland Gulls. Use patience and caution in making all identifications.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on coastal waters and associated estuaries, beaches, and bays; also frequents inland lakes, rivers, garbage dumps, and a variety of other habitats, usually near water (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and Yukon, east across northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, Southampton and Baffin Islands, and northern Quebec to northern Labrador; and south to British Columbia, central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southeastern Wyoming, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, northern New York, and along the Atlantic coast to northeastern South Carolina; breeding also occurs at disjunct locations in southern Alabama, southern Louisiana, and southern Texas. Generally winters from the Aleutian Islands and southern Alaska, the Great lakes region, and Newfoundland south to the Gulf coast, Mexico, and Baja California; in winter, usually found in coastal areas or in large inland lakes or rivers (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Years to adult plumage: 4. This is the typical large, gray-backed gull with a yellow bill (with red spot) that most of us are familiar with. In most of range, large size and dark plumage is usually indicative of immatures in first-winter plumage. Note the range in appearance between first and fourth years; compare with Thayer's, Western, and Lesser Black-backed Gulls.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground (when disturbed, sometimes up to 60 feet high in tree); nest is simple structure built of weeds, seaweeds, and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-4, usually 3; 72 mm.; color a mix of olive, light blue, and cinnamon, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 24-28 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 35 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 335,
"SPECIES_ID": 1606,
"CLO": 1606,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow-legged Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Larus cachinnans",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Formerly considered a subspecies of Herring Gull, this species was recently given full species status.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along seacoasts, lakes, and rivers (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and islands in the eastern Atlantic Ocean; considered casual or accidental along the eastern coast of North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Herring Gull, but slightly larger with bright yellow legs (Herring Gull typically has pink legs).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 336,
"SPECIES_ID": 1608,
"CLO": 1608,
"SPEC_NAME": "Slaty-backed Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Larus schistisagus",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The appearance of this species at St. Louis, MO, during the winter of 1983-84 was significant enough to warrant coverage on the evening news with Dan Rather!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coastal waters; vagrants may appear at large inland lakes or rivers.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia, although nesting on the Bering Sea coast of Alaska was documented in 1996; otherwise, can be found throughout the year in coastal waters of western and southwestern Alaska. Considered accidental elsewhere in North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Years to adult plumage: 4. A large gull; adult has pink legs, yellowish eyes, and dark gray mantle and wings; white trailing edge to wings extends as a row of terminal or subterminal spots on blackish outer primary feathers. Compare with Herring and Western Gulls.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Sometimes breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is simple structure built of seaweeds and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3; olive-buff in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both parents care for the young. Incubation and fledging collectively may take as long as 3 months.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 337,
"SPECIES_ID": 1609,
"CLO": 1609,
"SPEC_NAME": "Lesser Black-backed Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Larus fuscus",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tundra habitats and on coastal waters and associated estuaries, beaches, and bays. May also frequent inland lakes, rivers, and garbage dumps (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe and Africa; also breeds in Greenland. Winters in small but increasing numbers in North America, from the Great Lakes region and eastern Canada south to the Gulf coast and Florida; more rare further inland (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This 4-year gull has a dark gray mantle, white head, and yellowish legs in adult plumage. Compare immature birds with Herring Gull; note that second-winter birds have a darker mantle than Herring Gull while first-winter birds have a brighter head and belly and a more mottled appearance to back and wings.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 338,
"SPECIES_ID": 1618,
"CLO": 1618,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-headed Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Larus ridibundus",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Birds in North America are largely the result of significant population expansion in Europe. First recorded in January 1930, this species' breeding range is likely to expand within North America.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on coastal waters and associated estuaries, beaches, and bays; also frequents lakes, rivers, bogs, marshes, and grasslands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Primary breeding range includes Europe and Asia, but also known to breed in Greenland, Newfoundland, Quebec, Maine, and Massachusetts. In migration, regularly occurs in the Aleutian Islands. Wintering birds are regularly encountered along the Atlantic coast from Labrador, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia south to New York, and occasionally to Florida and west along the Gulf coast to Mississippi; also winters in the Great Lakes region. Casual or accidental elsewhere in North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Years to adult plumage: 2. Compare with Bonaparte's Gull. In adult plumage, note dark brown hood (breeding season) and reddish bill; in flight, primary feathers on underside of wing are dark gray (except for the outermost 3 or 4 primaries). First-winter birds have pale-colored legs and pale bill with a dark tip; note tail band and wing pattern.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is simple structure built from dried grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-3, usually 3; 52 mm.; brown, pale green, or blue in color, with black, brown, or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 23-26 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 35-42 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 339,
"SPECIES_ID": 1620,
"CLO": 1620,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bonaparte's Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Larus philadelphia",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "In places where range overlaps with Franklin's Gull, learn to concentrate on bill color, head color pattern, and wing tips to separate these two species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in open coniferous forests near lakes or ponds; frequents coastal waters and associated estuaries, beaches, and bays; also found further inland on marshes, rivers, lakes, ponds, and agricultural fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and Yukon east across northwestern and central Mackenzie to northern Manitoba; and south to British Columbia, central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, central Ontario, Wisconsin, and south-central Quebec. Winter range includes Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf coasts: in the west, from southern British Columbia south to Baja California and Mexico; and in the east from Massachusetts south to Florida and west along the Gulf coast to Texas and Mexico. Also winters further inland, in the southwestern U.S., the Great Lakes region, and in the Ohio and lower Mississippi River valleys south to the Gulf coast and Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Years to adult plumage: 2. In adult plumage, note black hood (breeding season) and black bill; in flight, primary feathers on underside of wing are white or light gray. Wing, as seen from above in flight, shows bright flash of white along outer primaries, which are tipped with black. Winter plumage features a diagnostic black dot behind the eye. First-winter birds have banded tail and dark bands on upper wings, somewhat suggestive of wing pattern seen in first-winter Black-legged Kittiwake. Compare also with Black-headed Gull.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed up to 20 feet high in tree, near water; nest consists of a saucer-shaped structure of twigs which is lined with moss, lichens, and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3; 50 mm.; buffy to olive in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 24 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 340,
"SPECIES_ID": 1626,
"CLO": 1626,
"SPEC_NAME": "Laughing Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Larus atricilla",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "6.1 ****",
"SECRETS": "What's in a name? Children who are introduced to the call of this species can unmistakably hear the laughter in the bird's voice. This is a great way to introduce children to birding!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on coastal waters and associated estuaries, beaches, and bays; also frequents agricultural fields and, less commonly, inland lakes or ponds (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Coastal in distribution: along the Pacific coast of Mexico, and from the Gulf coast of Mexico north and east to Florida and north along the Atlantic coast to southern New Brunswick. Winters from North Carolina southward throughout its breeding range. Wanders inland, where it is a casual visitor in many states and provinces (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Years to adult plumage: 3. In adult plumage, note black hood (breeding season), dark reddish bill, and white underparts; wing tips are black, with no white bar (compare with Franklin's Gull). Second-winter birds lack half-hooded appearance of Franklin's Gull; note also that sides of breast are gray and tail has a partial dark band. First-winter birds are grayer still, with a complete tail band; again, compare with Franklin's Gull.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is a scrape or simple saucer-shaped structure built from weeds, sedges, and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3; 54 mm.; brownish-olive in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 20 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 35 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 341,
"SPECIES_ID": 1627,
"CLO": 1627,
"SPEC_NAME": "Franklin's Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Larus pipixcan",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "3.4",
"SECRETS": "In the interior of N. America, birders mistakenly assume that a vagrant hooded gull will likely be a Franklin's Gull; however, one should learn to not eliminate Laughing Gull from consideration when identifying vagrant hooded gulls.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshes and agricultural fields; and on estuaries, beaches, bays, lakes, rivers, and ponds (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, and northwestern Minnesota south locally to east-central Oregon, southern Idaho, northwestern Utah, northwestern Wyoming, and northeastern South Dakota. Winters in South America, but is occasionally seen along the coast of California and in Florida (A.O.U. 1998). In migration, more commonly seen at inland locations away from the coast.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Years to adult plumage: 3. In adult plumage, note black hood (breeding season), dark reddish bill (turns black in winter), and white underparts (pinkish tinge to breast in breeding season). Wing tips are white, with black subterminal spots on primaries separated from gray upperwing by white bar. In winter, retains a partial hood (compare with Laughing and Bonaparte's Gulls). First-winter birds lack white bar in upperwing, and can be confused with Laughing Gull; note, however, the half-hooded appearance and white outer tail feathers in banded tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests over water; nest is a floating platform of dead marsh plants.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3; 52 mm.; brown or greenish-brown in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 24-25 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 32 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 342,
"SPECIES_ID": 1628,
"CLO": 1628,
"SPEC_NAME": "Little Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Larus minutus",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshes and flooded agricultural fields; and on estuaries, beaches, bays, lakes, rivers, and ponds (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe and Asia; first documented nesting in North America occurred in 1962; now known to breed at local, disjunct locations in Churchill (Manitoba), southern Minnesota, northern Wisconsin, northern Michigan, Ontario, and southern Quebec. In North America, winters in the Great Lakes region and along the Atlantic coast from Newfoundland south to Virginia. Occasionally seen (i.e., rare) south to Florida and further inland within the United States and Canada (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Years to adult plumage: 3. In adult plumage, note black hood (breeding season), dark reddish bill (turns black in winter), white underparts, and small size. Has dark spot behind eye, like Bonaparte's Gull, in winter plumage. In flight, wings are uniformly pale gray above, but are dark gray underneath. First-winter birds appear similar to Bonaparte's Gull, but have more black in upper surface of outer primaries (lacks white wing flash as a result) and head shows a more extensive smudge of black on crown. There is also some black in primary feathers of second-winter birds.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is a scrape lined with grasses and leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 2-3; 41 mm.; brown to gray in color, with dark brown or dark gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 23-25 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 21-24 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 343,
"SPECIES_ID": 1629,
"CLO": 1629,
"SPEC_NAME": "Ivory Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Pagophila eburnea",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on ice packs and nearby cliffs in Arctic areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Circumpolar in distribution. Breeds on Arctic islands. Generally winters in areas of Arctic drift ice, south to the southern Bering Sea and northern Canada; rare along the Atlantic coast from eastern Quebec and Nova Scotia south to New Jersey. Casual or accidental elsewhere in North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Years to adult plumage: 2. In adults, note all white plumage, and dark bill with a yellow tip. First-winter birds are speckled with blackish-brown, and have dark tail band and dark spots on primary feathers; again, note the yellow-tipped bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on cliffs; nest is a saucer-shaped structure built of mosses, seaweeds, and lichens.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-2, usually 2; 61 mm.; olive-buff in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 24-26 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 35 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 344,
"SPECIES_ID": 1630,
"CLO": 1630,
"SPEC_NAME": "Ross' Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Rhodostethia rosea",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "This species first nested in North America in 1980, at Churchill, Manitoba; in migration, 1000 or more birds may be found at Point Barrow, Alaska, in September or October.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in Arctic waters and tundra habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Circumpolar in distribution. Breeds in Churchill (Manitoba); at least one breeding record each also exists for Greenland and for an area on or near Bathurst Island. Suspected to winter in Arctic waters. In migration, occurs off the coast of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands; also in the Arctic islands, and in Greenland. Casual or accidental elsewhere in North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Years to adult plumage: 2. In adults, note short black bill and white wings. In breeding plumage, white head is enclosed within black necklace on nape, neck, and chin; rosy appearance appears on breast. First-winter birds show a black tail band (on central tail feathers) and dark spot behind the eye; in flight, black bars on wing and back form the shape of the letter 'M'.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is built of dried grasses, sedges, twigs, and other vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-3, usually 3; 44 mm.; olive-green in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21-22 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 20 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 345,
"SPECIES_ID": 1631,
"CLO": 1631,
"SPEC_NAME": "Sabine's Gull",
"LATINNAME": "Xema sabini",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pelagic waters, along seacoasts, and in tundra habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Circumpolar in distribution. Breeding range extends from northern Alaska, east to northwestern Mackenzie and the Arctic islands; and south locally to northern Keewatin, southern Southampton Island, and southwestern Baffin Island. Also breeds in Greenland. Generally winters in the Pacific Ocean, south of Baja California; and, to a lesser extent, in tropical areas of the Atlantic Ocean. In migration, can be found off both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts (A.O.U. 1998). Rare at most inland sites in North America.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Years to adult plumage: 2. In adults, note black/white/gray pattern in wing, dark hood, and dark bill with yellow tip. Juvenile plumage shows similar black/white/mottled gray-brown wing pattern; and a dark tail band.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: May breed in colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression lined with grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 46 mm.; brown or greenish-brown in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 23-26 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 346,
"SPECIES_ID": 1633,
"CLO": 1633,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-legged Kittiwake",
"LATINNAME": "Rissa tridactyla",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pelagic waters, along rocky seacoasts and islands, and occasionally on large inland lakes or reservoirs (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes coastal waters of western and northwestern Alaska and the Arctic islands south locally through Baffin Island and Newfoundland to southeastern Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. Generally winters in pelagic waters; along the Pacific coast from southern Alaska south to Baja California; and along the Atlantic coast from Newfoundland and Nova Scotia south to Florida (A.O.U. 1998). Rare at most inland sites in North America.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Years to adult plumage: 3. In adults, note black legs, gray wings with black tips, and all yellow bill. In winter, adults have a blotched smudge behind eye extending onto back of crown. First-winter birds have a dark spot behind eye, black or mostly black bill, black tail band, and black half-collar on back of neck; note black and white wing pattern. Compare with Bonaparte's and Sabine's Gulls.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on cliffs; nest is a cup-shaped structure built from seaweeds, mosses, and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 57 mm.; buff-brown to off-white in color, with olive or brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 23-32 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 43 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 347,
"SPECIES_ID": 1634,
"CLO": 1634,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-legged Kittiwake",
"LATINNAME": "Rissa brevirostris",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pelagic waters, on rocky islands, and on pack ice (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Bering Sea and northern Pacific Ocean. Breeds on the Pribilof, Aleutian, and Commander Islands. Generally winters in the northern Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Alaska. Casual or accidental elsewhere in North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Years to adult plumage: 2. In adults, note red legs, gray wings with black tips, and all yellow bill. First-winter birds have a dark spot behind eye, black bill, and black half-collar on back of neck; note, however, that the tail is entirely white. Compare with Black-legged Kittiwake.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on cliffs; nest is a cup-shaped structure built from seaweeds, mosses, and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 56 mm.; Color combination includes blue, buff, pink, brown, or white, with olive-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 23-32 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 38-48 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 348,
"SPECIES_ID": 1636,
"CLO": 1636,
"SPEC_NAME": "Whiskered Tern",
"LATINNAME": "Chlidonias hybridus",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in lakes, rivers, and marshes; also frequents coastal areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, India, and Australia; considered accidental in New Jersey and Delaware (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Adults are mostly gray, with dark gray breast and belly, white cheek, and black cap; retains partial black cap in winter, at which time it has white forehead, breast, and belly.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 349,
"SPECIES_ID": 1637,
"CLO": 1637,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-winged Tern",
"LATINNAME": "Chlidonias leucopterus",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in lakes, rivers, and marshes; also frequents coastal areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, India, and Australia; considered casual or accidental in Alaska and in eastern North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding plumage, note reddish bill, black wing linings, and white tail. In winter, wing linings are white and sides of breast are unmarked; dark spot behind eye is usually separate from dark crown. Compare with Black Tern.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 350,
"SPECIES_ID": 1638,
"CLO": 1638,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black Tern",
"LATINNAME": "Chlidonias niger",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-3.1 ***",
"SECRETS": "Black Terns give strident alarm calls and fly in a harassing manner at people who approach their breeding colonies.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in lakes, sloughs, marshes, meadows, and other fresh-water habitats; also frequents pelagic and coastal waters and associated estuaries and bays (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from British Columbia, northern Alberta, south-central Mackenzie, northwestern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, southern Quebec, southern New Brunswick, and central Nova Scotia south locally to California, northern Nevada, northern Utah, Colorado, Nebraska, Illinois, northern Ohio, Pennsylvania, western New York, and extreme northeastern United States. Generally winters in coastal waters from Mexico southward.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black and gray adult has white undertail coverts. In winter, becomes white below with gray back, wings, and tail; note dark patch on crown, which extends down along side of head to form ear patch; also, winter birds show dark vertical bar on side of breast. Molting birds have a pied appearance.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests over water; nest is a floating platform of aquatic vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3; 33 mm.; olive or buff in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21-22 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 21-28 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 351,
"SPECIES_ID": 1639,
"CLO": 1639,
"SPEC_NAME": "Large-billed Tern",
"LATINNAME": "Phaetusa simplex",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in lakes, rivers, and coastal areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to South America; considered accidental in Illinois, Ohio, and New Jersey (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A large, grayish-white tern with black wing tips and conspicuously large, yellow bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 352,
"SPECIES_ID": 1640,
"CLO": 1640,
"SPEC_NAME": "Gull-billed Tern",
"LATINNAME": "Sterna nilotica",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "3.8",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in recently plowed fields and in a variety of fresh- and salt-water habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in coastal areas, from southern California south to Mexico; in the Gulf coast area, from Mexico north to Texas and east to Florida; and north along the Atlantic coast to New York. Winter range generally includes the Gulf coast and southern Florida south to coastal Mexico.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Grayish-white tern with a black cap and nape (in breeding plumage) and thick, black, gull-like bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, usually near water; nest is a scrape or depression lined with bits of shells and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-4, usually 2-3; 47 mm.; pink-buff to yellowish, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 22-23 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 28-35 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 353,
"SPECIES_ID": 1641,
"CLO": 1641,
"SPEC_NAME": "Caspian Tern",
"LATINNAME": "Sterna caspia",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "13.8 ***",
"SECRETS": "The presence of migrating birds high overhead is sometimes revealed by the loud, raucous call typical of this species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a variety of fresh- and salt-water habitats, including mudflats and sandy beaches.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds at a variety of disjunct locations from Baja California and the Gulf coast north into Canada and south coastal Alaska; breeding sites include both coastal areas and inland areas. Generally winters in coastal areas; in the west, from central California south to Baja California and Mexico; and in the east, from North Carolina south to Florida and west along the Gulf coast to Texas and south to Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Large, grayish-white tern with dark blackish-gray outer primaries, a black cap and nape, and a large, thick, bright-red (or orange) bill. Note partial loss of black cap in non-breeding season and in immatures; however, never acquires white forehead seen in Royal Tern; also compare with Elegant Tern.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is a scrape or depression lined with grasses, seaweeds, or mosses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-4, usually 2-3; 65 mm.; pale, pinkish-buff in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 20-22 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 30-40 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 354,
"SPECIES_ID": 1642,
"CLO": 1642,
"SPEC_NAME": "Royal Tern",
"LATINNAME": "Sterna maxima",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.7",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coastal waters and associated estuaries and lagoons.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds locally in coastal areas from New Jersey south along the Atlantic coast to Florida and west along the Gulf coast to Texas and Mexico; and along the Pacific coast from southern California and Baja California south to Mexico. Winters along the Pacific coast from central California south throughout breeding range; and along the Atlantic coast from North Carolina south through breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Large, grayish-white tern with mostly pale white outer primaries (as seen in flight from below; compare with Caspian Tern), a black cap and nape, and a large, orange-red bill that is comparatively thinner than bill of Caspian Tern. Note that black cap is only present briefly at the start of the breeding season; otherwise, adults exhibit a white crown with black feathers on the rear part of the head and nape of neck. In young birds and non-breeding plumaged adults, the eye is usually separate from the black feathering on the head (compare with Elegant Tern).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is a scrape or depression which is sometimes lined with shell fragments or fish bones.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-2, usually 1; 63 mm.; buff-white in color, with dark reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 30-31 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 28-35 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 355,
"SPECIES_ID": 1646,
"CLO": 1646,
"SPEC_NAME": "Sandwich Tern",
"LATINNAME": "Sterna sandvicensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coastal areas and associated estuaries, bays, and mudflats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds locally in coastal areas from Virginia south along the Atlantic coast to Florida and west along the Gulf coast to southern Texas. Winters in Florida, the Gulf coast region, and southern Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A medium-sized, grayish-white tern with a yellow-tipped black bill, pale gray-white wings with outermost primaries dark, and a black cap and nape; in non-breeding plumage, note partial loss of black cap, which is replaced with white forehead and streaked crown.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 1-2; 51 mm.; white to pinkish-buff in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 24-25 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 30-35 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 356,
"SPECIES_ID": 1647,
"CLO": 1647,
"SPEC_NAME": "Elegant Tern",
"LATINNAME": "Sterna elegans",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coastal waters and associated estuaries, bays, and beaches.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds along the Pacific coast from southern California south to Baja California and northern Mexico; post-breeding dispersal results in birds dispersing as far north as British Columbia. Winters in Central and South America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Resembles Royal Tern, but is slightly smaller in size and bill is longer and noticeably thinner. Compared to Caspian Tern, it is obviously smaller in size, bill is usually more orangish in color, and underside of primary feathers is mostly pale. In young birds and non-breeding plumaged adults, the eye is usually enclosed by the black feathering on the head (compare with Royal Tern).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-2, usually 1; 54 mm.; white to pinkish-buff in color, with dark brown or black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation is thought to last about 20 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 357,
"SPECIES_ID": 1648,
"CLO": 1648,
"SPEC_NAME": "Roseate Tern",
"LATINNAME": "Sterna dougallii",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "Threatened or Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pelagic and coastal waters and associated estuaries, bays, and beaches (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes local, disjunct coastal areas from Quebec, Maine, and Nova Scotia south to North Carolina; also in the Florida Keys. Wintering range includes the West Indies and South America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A medium-sized, grayish-white tern with white underparts, reddish-orange legs, a black bill (base of bill reddish in breeding season), pale gray-white wings with outermost primaries dark, and a black cap and nape; in flight, compare underwing pattern with Common and Arctic Terns. Overall, plumage is paler in color when compared with similar species (e.g., Common and Arctic Terns). Juvenile-plumaged birds show a brownish cap and mottled or scaled gray-white pattern to back; note black legs. Black cap is mostly present on first-summer individuals; note, however, the white feathering on the forehead.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape or depression which is sometimes lined with dried grass and seaweed.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 1-2; 42 mm.; pale buff to olive-buff in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21-26 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 27-30 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 358,
"SPECIES_ID": 1652,
"CLO": 1652,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Tern",
"LATINNAME": "Sterna hirundo",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.7",
"SECRETS": "Prior to the 1980's, birders did not have access to advanced bird I.D. books; as a result, Forster's & Common Terns were sometimes misidentified. Old field guides do not mention the carpal bar of the winter plumage Common Tern, for example.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a variety of fresh- and salt-water habitats, including estuaries, bays, lakes, and marshes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from south-central Mackenzie, Alberta, and Saskatchewan east to northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, southern Quebec, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia; and south to Montana, northeastern South Dakota, the Great Lakes region, and New York east to the Atlantic coast, and south to South Carolina; also breeds in western Florida and locally along the Gulf coast to Texas. Winters in South America and Central America, occasionally north to the Gulf coast, Florida, Baja California, and California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Medium-sized, grayish-white tern with red bill (tipped with black), and reddish legs and feet. A dark, wedge-shaped area is usually present on the upper surface of the gray wings. Immatures and birds in non-breeding plumage have a dark shoulder or carpal bar. In winter, displays a partial-hooded appearance (compare with Forster's Tern).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is a scrape or depression lined with grasses, seaweeds, or shells.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 3; 42 mm.; buff-olive or brown in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21-27 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 26-27 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 359,
"SPECIES_ID": 1653,
"CLO": 1653,
"SPEC_NAME": "Arctic Tern",
"LATINNAME": "Sterna paradisaea",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Discussions of extreme feats of migration often mention this species, which migrates from the Arctic breeding grounds to the Antarctic wintering grounds; a distance of about 11,000 miles.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pelagic and coastal waters and associated estuaries and bays; also in tundra habitats; less frequently along inland lakes and rivers (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in Alaska, the Arctic islands, Greenland, and northern Canada; winters in subantarctic and Antarctic waters; migration is mostly at sea (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Medium-sized, grayish-white tern with black cap and nape, red bill, and reddish legs and feet. In flight, top side of wings appear uniformly gray (compared to dark, wedge-shaped feather pattern on Common Tern's wing). Note gray upperparts and pale gray underparts. Compare closely with Common Tern; and also with Forster's Tern.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is a scrape or depression lined with grasses and pieces of shells.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 41 mm.; brown or greenish in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 20-24 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 21-28 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 360,
"SPECIES_ID": 1656,
"CLO": 1656,
"SPEC_NAME": "Forster's Tern",
"LATINNAME": "Sterna forsteri",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "3.3 ****",
"SECRETS": "Prior to the 1980's, birders did not have access to advanced bird I.D. books; as a result, Forster's & Common Terns were sometimes misidentified. Old field guides do not mention the carpal bar of the winter plumage Common Tern, for example.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a variety of fresh- and salt-water habitats, including estuaries, bays, lakes, and marshes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds along the Gulf coast from northern Mexico north to Texas and east to Louisiana and Alabama. Further north, breeding range generally extends from southeastern British Columbia and central Alberta east to southern Ontario; and south discontinuously to Baja California, western Nevada, north-central Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, Kansas, and northern Iowa east to eastern Michigan and New York, and south along the Atlantic coast to South Carolina. Generally winters south of a line extending from northern California east across southwestern Arizona, southern New Mexico, Texas, and the Gulf coast, north to Virginia (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Medium-sized, grayish-white tern with orangish bill (tipped with black), black cap and nape, and orangish legs and feet. In contrast to Common Tern, primary feathers on wings are silvery-white above, creating a flash of white in flight. Immatures and birds in non-breeding plumage have a crisp, dark line that runs horizontally through the eye; lacks carpal bar on wing and half-hooded appearance to head (compare all of these features with Common Tern). Note gray tail, edged with white.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is a grass-lined platform, or scrape lined with grasses and bits of shells.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 3; 43 mm.; brown or olive in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 23-24 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 361,
"SPECIES_ID": 1660,
"CLO": 1660,
"SPEC_NAME": "Aleutian Tern",
"LATINNAME": "Sterna aleutica",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pelagic and coastal waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in Alaska, along the Chukchi Sea coast, and along the western and southern coasts of the state; also in the Aleutian Islands; winters at sea (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Medium-sized, grayish-white tern with black bill, black cap and nape, black legs, white forehead, and white tail. Compare wing color pattern with Common and Arctic Terns. Juvenile plumage is characterized by mottled grayish-brown appearance and reddish coloration to legs and lower mandible.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is a scrape or depression.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 42 mm.; clay to olive-buff in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is suspected that both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 362,
"SPECIES_ID": 1662,
"CLO": 1662,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bridled Tern",
"LATINNAME": "Sterna anaethetus",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pelagic and coastal waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding sites in the Pacific Ocean include small islands off the western and southwestern coast of Mexico; also breeds in the Atlantic region in the Florida Keys. In the Pacific Ocean, ranges at sea off of Central and South America; in the Atlantic region, it may range north along the Atlantic coast to North Carolina and west along the Gulf coast to Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Medium-sized tern. Note dark upperparts, light underparts, forked tail, black line through eye, and black cap and nape. White forehead extends behind the eye as a white eyebrow; compare with Sooty Tern.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is a scrape or depression.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1; white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 363,
"SPECIES_ID": 1663,
"CLO": 1663,
"SPEC_NAME": "Sooty Tern",
"LATINNAME": "Sterna fuscata",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pelagic waters; breeds on islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding sites include islands on the western Mexican coast, islands on the Gulf coast of Texas, islands off the coast of North and South Carolina, and the Dry Tortugas in Florida. Ranges at sea in the Pacific Ocean south to Panama; and in the Atlantic region from Texas east to Florida and north along the Atlantic coast to New England and Nova Scotia (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Medium-sized tern. Note dark cap and upperparts, and white underparts. Adults have black bill, white forehead, and black lores. Juvenile plumage is brownish-black below, with pale undertail coverts. Compare with Bridled Tern.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is a scrape or depression, sometimes lined with leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 1; 50 mm.; white to buff in color, with lavender or reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 27-30 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 56 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 364,
"SPECIES_ID": 1668,
"CLO": 1668,
"SPEC_NAME": "Least Tern",
"LATINNAME": "Sterna antillarum",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "-3.3 *",
"SECRETS": "Currently listed as Endangered, the Least Tern is yet another example of a species in peril due to habitat destruction and over-hunting; as many as 100,000 birds were killed in a season before it was protected.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on sandy beaches near rivers, lakes, or coastal areas; also frequents bays and estuaries (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range along the Pacific coast runs from central California south to Baja California and Mexico; along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, breeding range extends from Maine south to Florida, and west to Texas and Mexico; also breeds in the interior of North America, along major river systems, including the Colorado, Red, Arkansas, Missouri, Mississippi, and Ohio Rivers. Winters in South America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This is our smallest North American tern. Note grayish-white plumage; black cap, nape, and lores; white forehead; orangish, black-tipped bill; and black outer primary feathers on upper wing. Immatures have black bill, dark legs and feet, and dark shoulder bar.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is a scrape or depression.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 31 mm.; buff or light olive-buff in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 20-22 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 19-20 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 365,
"SPECIES_ID": 1674,
"CLO": 1674,
"SPEC_NAME": "Brown Noddy",
"LATINNAME": "Anous stolidus",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pelagic waters; breeds on islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds on islands off the west coast of Mexico and on the Dry Tortugas in Florida; winters at sea, and may range north along the Atlantic coast to New Jersey or west along the Gulf coast to Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note long tail, dark chocolate-brown color, and creamy-white head.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests in a shrub or tree, up to 12 feet above the ground; nest is a saucer-shaped structure built from dead branches, seaweeds, and other vegetation. Nest may be lined with various shells or coral.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1; 52 mm.; light pinkish-buff in color, with pale lilac to deep reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 35-38 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 40-48 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 366,
"SPECIES_ID": 1675,
"CLO": 1675,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black Noddy",
"LATINNAME": "Anous minutus",
"FAMILY_ID": "LARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pelagic waters; breeds on islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds on islands in tropical waters of Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Known to summer in small numbers in the Florida Keys (Dry Tortugas) (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Brown Noddy, but note predominately black body color, smaller size, and shorter legs.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 367,
"SPECIES_ID": 1679,
"CLO": 1679,
"SPEC_NAME": "Great Skua",
"LATINNAME": "Catharacta skua",
"FAMILY_ID": "STER",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pelagic waters, coastal islands, and estuaries (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds on islands in the north Atlantic and off the coast of Argentina; also breeds on islands in the southern oceans. Regularly winters off the Atlantic coast from Newfoundland and Nova Scotia south to New Jersey (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compared to jaegers, skuas have a thicker bill and broader wings. Note white flash at base of primaries in flying birds. Streaked appearance and reddish-brown color to back and wing coverts can be used to separate this species from South Polar Skua.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 368,
"SPECIES_ID": 1683,
"CLO": 1683,
"SPEC_NAME": "South Polar Skua",
"LATINNAME": "Catharacta maccormicki",
"FAMILY_ID": "STER",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pelagic waters and islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes the coast of Antarctica and the South Shetland Islands; ranges at sea, and may be found from the Gulf of Alaska south to Mexico during the spring-fall months; also frequents waters off the coast of New England, Newfoundland, and Greenland (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compared to jaegers, skuas have a thicker bill and broader wings. Note white flash at base of primaries in flying birds. Dark brownish-gray back and wing coverts can be used to separate this species from Great Skua. Compare with Pomarine Jaeger. Note also that there is a light phase variation to the plumage.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 369,
"SPECIES_ID": 1684,
"CLO": 1684,
"SPEC_NAME": "Pomarine Jaeger",
"LATINNAME": "Stercorarius pomarinus",
"FAMILY_ID": "STER",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The fall is the best time to look for jaegers at inland locations. Concentrate on large lakes & reservoirs, & be prepared to study the birds with spotting scopes. If possible, take a boat out to get closer and/or to get photos of the birds.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on the tundra; also found in pelagic waters and, less commonly, on large inland lakes and reservoirs (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in tundra habitats of western and northern Alaska, extreme northern Canada, the Arctic islands, and in Greenland. Winters at sea in the Pacific Ocean from northern California southwards; and in the Atlantic-Gulf region north to the Gulf coast and Florida. Most of the migration is off the Atlantic and Pacific coasts (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: The largest of our three species of jaegers, the Pomarine appears large-bodied and has deep, relative slow wing beats. On wings, white flash at base of primaries is larger than in other species of jaegers; in addition, there is sometimes a smaller, paler area of white at the base of the primary coverts. Tail streamers in adult birds appear broad and twisted at the end; note also the dark breast band and facial color patterns in light phase birds. Note that there are two color phases (light and dark). Oftentimes, separation from Parasitic Jaeger is difficult or impossible; it is suggested that advanced bird identification guides be consulted to aid in identification, especially when immature birds are involved.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a scrape or depression, usually in drier areas of the tundra.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 62 mm.; brownish-olive in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 25-27 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 31-37 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 370,
"SPECIES_ID": 1685,
"CLO": 1685,
"SPEC_NAME": "Parasitic Jaeger",
"LATINNAME": "Stercorarius parasiticus",
"FAMILY_ID": "STER",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The fall is the best time to look for jaegers at inland locations. Concentrate on large lakes & reservoirs, & be prepared to study the birds with spotting scopes. If possible, take a boat out to get closer and/or to get photos of the birds.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on the tundra and in coastal marshes; also found in pelagic waters and, less commonly, on large inland lakes and reservoirs (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes Greenland; and western and northern Alaska east across northern Yukon, northwestern and central Mackenzie, Keewatin and the Arctic islands, northeastern Manitoba, Southampton Island, northern Ontario, and northern Quebec to northern Labrador. Winters at sea in the Pacific Ocean from central California southwards; and in the Atlantic-Gulf region from Maine south to Florida and west to Texas. Most of the migration is off the Atlantic and Pacific coasts (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: The Parasitic Jaeger appears more slender-bodied than the Pomarine; falcon-like in its flight, its wing beats are not as deep nor as slow as in Pomarine Jaeger. On wings, white flash at base of primaries is less extensive than in Pomarine Jaeger. Tail streamers are straight and pointed in adult birds; note also the breast band (usually not as dark as in Pomarine Jaeger) and facial color patterns in light phase birds. There are three color phases (light, dark, and intermediate). Oftentimes, separation from Pomarine Jaeger is difficult or impossible; it is suggested that advanced bird identification guides be consulted to aid in identification, especially when immature birds are involved.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is a scrape or depression, sometimes lined with leaves, lichens, or grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-2, usually 2; 57 mm.; olive or brown in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 25-28 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 25-30 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 371,
"SPECIES_ID": 1686,
"CLO": 1686,
"SPEC_NAME": "Long-tailed Jaeger",
"LATINNAME": "Stercorarius longicaudus",
"FAMILY_ID": "STER",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on the tundra; also found in pelagic waters and, less commonly, along seacoasts or on large inland lakes and reservoirs (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes Greenland; and western, northern, and central Alaska east across Yukon, northern Mackenzie and the Arctic islands, Keewatin, and Southampton Island to northern Quebec. Winters at sea in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans off the coast of South America; most of the migration is off the Atlantic and Pacific coasts (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Tail streamers in adult birds are very long and diagnostic; flight style is tern-like (compare with Parasitic Jaeger). On wings, white flash at base of primaries on underside of wing is less extensive than in Parasitic Jaeger and is present only on immature birds; in both immatures and adults white flash on upperwings is very limited (again, compare with Parasitic Jaeger). There are three color phases (light, dark, and intermediate). One good field mark is to note contrast between grayish back and secondary coverts and the darker primary and secondary feathers. Oftentimes, separation from Parasitic Jaeger is difficult; it is suggested that advanced bird identification guides be consulted to aid in identification, especially when immature birds are involved.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a scrape or depression.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 55 mm.; olive or brown in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 23-25 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 22-28 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 372,
"SPECIES_ID": 1687,
"CLO": 1687,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black Skimmer",
"LATINNAME": "Rynchops niger",
"FAMILY_ID": "RYNC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "33.8",
"SECRETS": "The adaptations of the 3 species of skimmers in the world include a vertically slit pupil (similar to a cat) to withstand the glare of the sand; and the longer lower mandible, which is held in a downward angle in flight to catch their food.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coastal areas and associated estuaries, bays, lagoons, beaches, and mudflats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range is primarily in localized coastal areas, including the Atlantic coast from southern Massachusetts south to Florida and west along the Gulf coast to Texas and Mexico. Also breeds on the Pacific coast from northern California south to Mexico. Generally winters along the Gulf coast, in Florida (sometimes as far north as North Carolina), and from southwestern California south to Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Large size, black-and-white plumage, and unusually shaped black and red bill make this species easy to identify.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is a scrape or depression.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-5, usually 4; 34 mm.; blue-white or cream-white in color, with brown, lilac, and gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21-23 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 23-25 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 373,
"SPECIES_ID": 1690,
"CLO": 1690,
"SPEC_NAME": "Dovekie",
"LATINNAME": "Alle alle",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on coastal cliffs; found in pelagic waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding areas include eastern Baffin Island and coastal areas in Greenland. Generally winters within the breeding range south to Southampton Island, Ungava Bay, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and the Bay of Fundy; occasionally occurs as far south as North Carolina on the Atlantic coast; casually occurs at Point Barrow, Alaska, along the Arctic coast of Canada, and elsewhere in Canada and the northern United States (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A small, chubby seabird, the Dovekie has a very short bill, black upperparts, and white underparts with streaking on the flanks. Throat is black in breeding season, white in the winter.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests in a rock crevice on steep cliff faces.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1; 48 mm.; bluish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 28-31 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 26-30 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 374,
"SPECIES_ID": 1691,
"CLO": 1691,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Murre",
"LATINNAME": "Uria aalge",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "In the northern Atlantic region, there is a form of the Common Murre known as Bridled Murre; it has a white eye ring and streak extending back from the eye; it was once thought to be a separate species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on coastal cliffs; found in pelagic waters and rocky seacoasts (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in coastal areas in Greenland, along the Atlantic coast from Labrador and southeastern Quebec south to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, and along the Pacific coast from Alaska and the Aleutian Islands south to central California. Generally winters at sea near the breeding grounds, ranging as far south as northern Baja California in the Pacific and Virginia along the Atlantic coast (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A large seabird, the Common Murre has a long, pointed bill, blackish-brown upperparts, brownish head, and white underparts with some streaking on the flanks. Throat is dark in breeding season, white in the winter; note facial pattern of winter-plumaged birds.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on cliff ledges.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1; 81 mm.; white in color, with shades of blue, green, or brown and with brown or black spots or scrawls.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 32-33 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 19-21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 375,
"SPECIES_ID": 1692,
"CLO": 1692,
"SPEC_NAME": "Thick-billed Murre",
"LATINNAME": "Uria lomvia",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on coastal cliffs; found in pelagic waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in coastal areas in Greenland; in eastern North America from Prince Leopold, Cobourg, Bylot, and Baffin Islands south to northern Hudson Bay, northern Quebec, Labrador, and Newfoundland; and along the Pacific coast from Alaska and the Aleutian Islands south to British Columbia. Also breeds in northwestern Mackenzie. Generally winters at sea near the breeding grounds, ranging as far south as central California in the Pacific and New Jersey in eastern North America; occasionally may be seen in the Great Lakes region and south to Florida in the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A large seabird, the Thick-billed Murre has a medium-length, stout bill with the appearance of a hook at its end; black upperparts; and white underparts with some streaking on the flanks. White underparts form an inverted 'V' on the upper breast where it meets the dark throat. Throat is dark in breeding season, dusky-white in the winter. Overall, darker than Common Murre, but compare to that species in all plumages.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on cliff ledges.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1; 81 mm.; bluish-green, white, or pale white to olive buff in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 30-35 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 376,
"SPECIES_ID": 1693,
"CLO": 1693,
"SPEC_NAME": "Razorbill",
"LATINNAME": "Alca torda",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on coastal cliffs and rocky shorelines; found in pelagic waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in coastal areas in Greenland and in eastern North America from southeastern Baffin Island and Labrador south to southeastern Quebec, eastern Newfoundland, southern New Brunswick, eastern Maine, and Nova Scotia. Generally winters at sea near the breeding grounds, ranging as far south as New York, and occasionally to South Carolina or Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A large seabird, the Razorbill has black upperparts, white underparts and, in the breeding season, a narrow white line running from the base of the upper mandible to the eye. Throat is dark in breeding season, white in the winter. Bill is thick (from top to bottom) and large upper mandible is hooked at the end; note white vertical line which crosses upper and lower mandibles. The tail points upward on swimming birds.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests on cliff ledges or in rock crevices.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-2, usually 1; 76 mm.; bluish-white or greenish-white in color, with brown or black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 35-37 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 16-25 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 377,
"SPECIES_ID": 1694,
"CLO": 1694,
"SPEC_NAME": "Great Auk",
"LATINNAME": "Pinguinus impennis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCI",
"STATUS": "Extinct",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Although it once numbered into the millions, the Great Auk was a flightless bird that was hunted excessively for food and for bait; last living birds were taken in 1844 near Iceland.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Occurred in pelagic waters and on coastal islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Currently extinct. Breeding range formerly included the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Greenland, Newfoundland, and Iceland; winter range extended from breeding areas south to Maine and Massachusetts, and occasionally south to South Carolina (A.O.U. 1998).",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 378,
"SPECIES_ID": 1695,
"CLO": 1695,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black Guillemot",
"LATINNAME": "Cepphus grylle",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on rocky islands or coastal cliffs; found in coastal waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in coastal areas in Greenland; in northern Alaska and northern Yukon; and in eastern North America from the Arctic islands south to northern Ontario, Hudson and James Bays, Newfoundland, New Brunswick, and southern Nova Scotia. Generally winters in the Bering Sea and in coastal areas of eastern North America from breeding grounds south to New England, and occasionally as far south as New York and New Jersey (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding season, note all-black body plumage, with conspicuous white wing patch. In winter, back has a dark, gray-white mottled appearance, wings are dark with white wing patch, and undersides are white. Bill is of medium-length, and is narrow and pointed. Note white axillaries on flying birds; compare with Pigeon Guillemot.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Usually breeds in colonies. Nests on the ground in rocky areas, in crevices on cliff face, or even amidst flotsam on beach habitats.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-2, usually 2; 60 mm.; dull white in color, with gray or dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 28-32 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 34-39 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 379,
"SPECIES_ID": 1696,
"CLO": 1696,
"SPEC_NAME": "Pigeon Guillemot",
"LATINNAME": "Cepphus columba",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The Pigeon and Black Guillemot are very similar in appearance; in fact, it is believed by some authorities that they constitute different forms of the same species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Nests on rocky shorelines or coastal cliffs; found in coastal waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds locally in coastal areas from western and northern Alaska south to southern California. Generally winters in coastal waters near breeding grounds: from Alaska to central California, and occasionally to southern California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding season, note all-black body plumage, with conspicuous white wing patch that has a black, triangular insert. In winter, back has a dark-grayish mottled appearance, wings are dark with same white/black pattern as in breeding plumage, undersides are white, and head is duskier than in Black Guillemot. Bill is of medium-length, and is narrow and pointed. Note dark gray axillaries on flying birds; compare with Black Guillemot.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Usually breeds in colonies. Nests in a crevice or cave on cliff face; also in abandoned burrows of other bird or mammal species; alternatively may excavate its own burrow.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-2, usually 2; 61 mm.; dull white in color, with gray or dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 30-32 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 35 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 380,
"SPECIES_ID": 1698,
"CLO": 1698,
"SPEC_NAME": "Marbled Murrelet",
"LATINNAME": "Brachyramphus marmoratus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCI",
"STATUS": "Threatened in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Management of federal forest lands in CA, OR, & WA was deadlocked in a controversial debate for years; President Clinton intervened, & the result was the President's Forest Plan. This species & the Spotted Owl are at the heart of that plan.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in old, coniferous forests, on islands, and in coastal waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds locally along the Pacific coast, specifically in southern Alaska, coastal British Columbia, western Washington, and in central California; breeding at other areas between central California and Alaska is probable, but not documented. Generally winters in coastal waters throughout breeding range, extending south to northern Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding season, has mottled gray-brown appearance, with darker coloration to wings and back. In winter, generally white below and dark, grayish-black on upperparts. Bill is relatively short and pointed. Note white bar on scapulars and dark tail; compare with Kittlitz's Murrelet.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground on islands. However, unlike other murrelets which nest in burrows or rock crevices, also nests high (up to 150 feet) in mature and old-growth coniferous trees; Marbled Murrelets may nest as many as 30 miles inland from the coast. Surprisingly, the first confirmed nest of this species in North America was not made until 1974, when one was found in California.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1; 60 mm.; light greenish-yellow in color, with black and brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 27-30 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 27 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 381,
"SPECIES_ID": 1700,
"CLO": 1700,
"SPEC_NAME": "Kittlitz's Murrelet",
"LATINNAME": "Brachyramphus brevirostris",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coastal waters and adjacent cliffs and mountains (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in coastal areas, from northwestern Alaska south to the Aleutian Islands and east to southeast Alaska; generally winters in nearby offshore waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding season, has mottled gray-brown plumage with a white belly. Bill is shorter than in Marbled Murrelet. In winter, generally white below and dark, grayish-black on upperparts; white on side of face encompasses the eye. Note white outer tail feathers; compare with Marbled Murrelet.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, usually on bare rock or cliff ledge.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1; 60 mm.; olive in color, with dark and light brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 382,
"SPECIES_ID": 1701,
"CLO": 1701,
"SPEC_NAME": "Xantus' Murrelet",
"LATINNAME": "Synthliboramphus hypoleucus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on islands and in coastal and pelagic waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds on islands offshore from southern California and western Baja California; generally winters in coastal waters throughout breeding range and as far north as northern California, occasionally further north (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Crisp black above; white below. Two forms are known, and differ in amount of white on side of face. Note white wing linings; compare with Craveri's Murrelet. Also lacks the partial dark collar of the Craveri's Murrelet.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, in caves, or in crevices or burrows under large rocks.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-2, usually 2; 54 mm.; blue, green, or dark brown in color, sometimes with lavender or brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes are thought to incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 34 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 383,
"SPECIES_ID": 1702,
"CLO": 1702,
"SPEC_NAME": "Craveri's Murrelet",
"LATINNAME": "Synthliboramphus craveri",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on islands and in coastal and pelagic waters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range is primarily limited to the Gulf of California, where it breeds on islands; also probably breeds along the west coast of Baja California. Generally winters at sea and in coastal waters throughout the Gulf of California; post-breeding dispersal also occurs as far north as Monterey Bay (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Crisp black above; white below. Note partial white eye ring. Grayish wing linings and partial neck collar on sides of chest distinguish this species from Xantu's Murrelet.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies on islands. Nests on the ground, usually in a rock crevice.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-2, usually 2; yellowish-white, olive, or brown in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 22 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 384,
"SPECIES_ID": 1703,
"CLO": 1703,
"SPEC_NAME": "Ancient Murrelet",
"LATINNAME": "Synthliboramphus antiquus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pelagic waters and along rocky seacoasts (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds locally along the Pacific coast, from southern Alaska south to British Columbia, and occasionally to northwestern Washington. Generally winters in offshore coastal waters throughout breeding range, north to the Aleutian Islands, and south to central California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black head, grayish back, white wing linings. In breeding season, sides of breast change from gray to black; also note white feathering above eye. Bill is short, and pale-colored. Compare with Marbled Murrelet.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, usually in rock crevice or in abandoned burrows; nest is sometimes lined with grass and leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-2, usually 2; 61 mm.; bluish-white to cream, or olive in color, with gray and brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 33-36 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 385,
"SPECIES_ID": 1705,
"CLO": 1705,
"SPEC_NAME": "Cassin's Auklet",
"LATINNAME": "Ptychoramphus aleuticus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pelagic waters and on islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Localized coastal breeding distribution ranges from southern Alaska south to southern Baja California. Generally winters in offshore waters from southern British Columbia south through the breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Mostly gray, with slightly darker upperparts; note pale white belly and white undertail coverts. Conspicuous, partial white eye ring form crescents above and below the eye. Note small, pale coloration at base of lower mandible.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, on islands. Nests in burrows or crevice.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1; 47 mm.; white, with a bluish or greenish tint.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 38 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 41 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 386,
"SPECIES_ID": 1706,
"CLO": 1706,
"SPEC_NAME": "Parakeet Auklet",
"LATINNAME": "Aethia psittacula",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pelagic waters and along rocky seacoasts (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range in North America is limited to western coastal Alaska and nearby islands, including the Aleutian Islands. Generally winters at sea, from the northern Pacific Ocean south to central California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note mottled gray sides, gray breast and throat (dusky white in winter), dark gray neck and upperparts, elongated white feathers or plumes trailing back from the eye, and thick, heavy red bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests in rock crevice in cliff, on steep slopes, or on beaches.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1; 54 mm.; white or bluish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 35-36 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 35 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 387,
"SPECIES_ID": 1707,
"CLO": 1707,
"SPEC_NAME": "Crested Auklet",
"LATINNAME": "Aethia cristatella",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pelagic waters and on islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range in North America is limited to the Bering Sea islands and the Aleutian Islands. Winters offshore in the Bering Sea and near the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Parakeet Auklet, but note entirely gray underparts and conspicuous crest or tuft of feathers.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests in rock crevice in cliff, on steep slopes, or on beaches.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1; 54 mm.; color varies from white to light blue.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 34-41 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 35 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 388,
"SPECIES_ID": 1708,
"CLO": 1708,
"SPEC_NAME": "Whiskered Auklet",
"LATINNAME": "Aethia pygmaea",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pelagic waters and on islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range in North America is limited to the Aleutian Islands. Winters in waters offshore from the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Smaller than Crested Auklet, with white plumes before and in back of the eye. Also has conspicuous crest; crest, entirely gray underparts, and smaller size separate it from Parakeet Auklet. Note also the orangish, white-tipped bill. Winter plumage is duller.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests in rock crevice or burrow on steep slopes or beaches.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1; 48 mm.; dull white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known; incubation lasts approximately 35 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 389,
"SPECIES_ID": 1709,
"CLO": 1709,
"SPEC_NAME": "Least Auklet",
"LATINNAME": "Aethia pusilla",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pelagic waters and on islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range in North America is limited to islands in western Alaska, the Bering Sea islands near Alaska, and the Aleutian Islands. Winters offshore in the Bering Sea and near the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Our smallest North American alcid. Variably dusky gray-white below in breeding season, white below in the winter. Upperparts are dark blackish-gray. Bill is short, reddish in color. White feathers on forehead and at base of bill are augmented in breeding season by white plumes extending back from the eye.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests in rock crevice in cliff, on steep slopes, or on beaches.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1; 40 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 31 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 29 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 390,
"SPECIES_ID": 1710,
"CLO": 1710,
"SPEC_NAME": "Rhinoceros Auklet",
"LATINNAME": "Cerorhinca monocerata",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Rhinoceros Auklets nest in burrows which they excavate themselves, using their bill and feet. Some burrows may be as deep as 20 feet into the side of a hill or bank.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pelagic waters and on islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends along the Pacific coast, from Alaska south to southern California; nests on islands. In the winter, can be found in offshore waters from southern British Columbia south to Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note large, thick, yellowish-orange bill; in the breeding season, a rhinoceros-like horn appears at base of bill. White plumes on side of face originate from junction of upper and lower mandible and from behind eye. Otherwise, plumage is generally gray, with blackish-brown back and wings, and a whitish belly. In the winter, head plumes and bill color are duller. Compare with Parakeet Auklet.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests in burrows; nest itself is built from sticks, grasses, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1; 69 mm.; white in color, sometimes with gray or lavender markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 45 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 48-55 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 391,
"SPECIES_ID": 1711,
"CLO": 1711,
"SPEC_NAME": "Atlantic Puffin",
"LATINNAME": "Fratercula arctica",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pelagic waters, and on islands and rocky seacoasts (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in Greenland; also breeds in North America from Labrador south coastally to southeastern Quebec, Newfoundland, southwestern New Brunswick, and eastern Maine. Generally winters at sea and in offshore waters from Labrador south to Massachusetts and occasionally as far south as Virginia (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note extremely large bill, white oval facial patch, white underparts, and black neck and back. Winter plumage is duller; bill is less massive in immatures.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests in burrows; nest is usually lined with grass, seaweeds, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-2, usually 1; 63 mm.; white in color, sometimes with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 39-45 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 38-44 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 392,
"SPECIES_ID": 1712,
"CLO": 1712,
"SPEC_NAME": "Horned Puffin",
"LATINNAME": "Fratercula corniculata",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pelagic waters and on islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range in North America is limited to the coasts of northern, western, and southern Alaska, and the Aleutian Islands, south to British Columbia. Generally winters at sea and in offshore waters from the Bering Sea and the Aleutian Islands south occasionally to southern California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note extremely large bill, white oval facial patch, white underparts, and black neck and back. Winter plumage is duller; bill is less massive in immatures.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests in burrows or rock crevices; nest is sometimes lined with grasses, mosses, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1; 72 mm.; white with light spotting.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 40-42 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 34-40 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 393,
"SPECIES_ID": 1713,
"CLO": 1713,
"SPEC_NAME": "Tufted Puffin",
"LATINNAME": "Fratercula cirrhata",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pelagic waters and on islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in coastal areas; breeding range extends from Alaska and the Aleutian Islands south to southern California; winters at sea and in offshore waters throughout the breeding range to central California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note extremely large, colorful bill, and (in breeding season) white triangular facial patch and yellowish plumes. Adults are otherwise blackish overall in the breeding season, and have blackish-brown underparts in winter. Bill colors are duller in winter, and bill is yellowish-gray and less massive in immatures. Plumage is grayer in immatures, which also have grayish-white underparts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests in burrows or rock crevices.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1; 72 mm.; pale blue or off-white in color, with lavender and brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 41 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 45 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 394,
"SPECIES_ID": 1714,
"CLO": 1714,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-throated Loon",
"LATINNAME": "Gavia stellata",
"FAMILY_ID": "GAVI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Red-throated Loons are not commonly found at inland locations; to maximize your opportunities of finding them on inland lakes or reservoirs, search in the fall (October or November), especially after the passage of major weather fronts.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on tundra lakes and ponds, along seacoasts and associated bays and estuaries, and occasionally on lakes and rivers (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from coastal Alaska east through central Yukon, Mackenzie, and the Arctic islands to Greenland; and south to Vancouver Island (along the Pacific coast), northern Saskatchewan, Hudson Bay, and northern Newfoundland. Generally winters in coastal areas; in the west from Alaska south to Baja California and Mexico; and in the east from Newfoundland south to Florida; rarely on the Gulf coast (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Grayish face and neck, with red throat patch. In winter, has pale gray crown and nape, white cheek and throat. Best field mark is the bill, thinner than in Common Loon and usually held at a slightly upturned angle.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, either in a depression or on a mound of mud and plants.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 73 mm.; olive-green to dark brown in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 24-29 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 49-51 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 395,
"SPECIES_ID": 1715,
"CLO": 1715,
"SPEC_NAME": "Arctic Loon",
"LATINNAME": "Gavia arctica",
"FAMILY_ID": "GAVI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Two subspecies are known, one of which breeds in eastern Siberia and western Alaska; the other form breeds in Europe and Asia. Both were once regarded as distinct species (A.O.U. 1998).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in tundra and taiga habitats; also frequents seacoasts and associated bays and estuaries; and, less commonly, lakes and rivers (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in western Alaska; occasionally found in winter in western and southern Alaska and in California (A.O.U. 1998); accidental elsewhere in North America.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Often inseparable from Pacific Loon. However, in winter, white flank patch on swimming bird can be used to distinguish this species from Pacific Loons.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, usually on a mound of aquatic vegetation and mud.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 84 mm.; brownish in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 28-30 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 60-65 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 396,
"SPECIES_ID": 1716,
"CLO": 1716,
"SPEC_NAME": "Pacific Loon",
"LATINNAME": "Gavia pacifica",
"FAMILY_ID": "GAVI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "See Secrets for Arctic Loon; the complex taxonomy involving these species is made even more interesting when it is revealed that the Pacific Loon was once regarded as a subspecies of the Arctic Loon!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in tundra and taiga habitats; also frequents seacoasts and associated bays and estuaries; and, less commonly, lakes and rivers (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from the Arctic coast of Alaska and the Arctic islands south to southern Alaska, southwestern Yukon, southern Mackenzie, northeastern Alberta, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, and northwestern Quebec. Generally winters along the Pacific coast of North America, from Alaska to Baja California and Mexico, and less commonly inland to Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. Rare elsewhere in North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Grayish head and neck and iridescent throat patch (usually purple, but may seem like black or green) are characteristic of breeding plumage. In winter, head and neck are pale gray, with a darker border around the white throat; this color pattern is absent in Red-throated Loon. A thin, brownish neck strap is seen in some birds.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, usually on a mound of aquatic vegetation and mud.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-2, usually 2; 76 mm.; brownish in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 23-25 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 60-65 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 397,
"SPECIES_ID": 1717,
"CLO": 1717,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Loon",
"LATINNAME": "Gavia immer",
"FAMILY_ID": "GAVI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.8 ****",
"SECRETS": "The wailing, haunting cry of the Common Loon is often heard in the sound tracks of Hollywood movies; sometimes, the movies place loons in areas where they are not known to breed!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on lakes, ponds, rivers, and seacoasts and associated bays and estuaries (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska east across Yukon, northwestern and southern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, southern Baffin Island, and Labrador to Newfoundland; and south to Nevada, western Wyoming, northern North Dakota, the Great Lakes region, northern New York, southern New England, and Nova Scotia. In winter can be found on the Pacific coast (Aleutian Islands south to Baja California), the Atlantic coast (from Newfoundland south to Florida), and on the Gulf coast south to Texas (A.O.U. 1998). In the summer, non-breeding plumaged Common Loons occasionally are found south of known breeding range.\r\n\r\nField Marks: This is the loon that most novice birders and non-birders are familiar with. Bill is thick, long, and pointed; in the breeding season bill it is black, but becomes grayer in winter. In the breeding season, the blackish crown and nape encircle neck in a pattern reminiscent of a barber pole; in the winter, white indentation on neck is the only remnant of this feature. Observers should study this neck pattern closely as it will aid in identification of winter-plumaged loons along the coast, where more than one species may be present simultaneously. Checkered pattern on back in breeding season is replaced with dark brown coloration in winter.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, usually on the shoreline of an island; nest may be a simple scrape or it may be placed on a mat of grasses, twigs, and other vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 89 mm.; olive-green to dark brown in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 26-31 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 75-80 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 398,
"SPECIES_ID": 1718,
"CLO": 1718,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow-billed Loon",
"LATINNAME": "Gavia adamsii",
"FAMILY_ID": "GAVI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on tundra lakes; also frequents seacoasts and associated bays and estuaries; less commonly found on inland lakes in winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds on the Arctic tundra of northwestern Alaska, the Arctic islands, east-central Mackenzie, and northern and east-central Keewatin. Generally winters along the Pacific coast from Alaska south to British Columbia, less commonly to northern California and inland to Alberta; casual or accidental elsewhere at inland locations during the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Best field mark is the pale yellow bill, the upper mandible of which has a straight top edge, thereby giving the bill a slightly upturned appearance. Although bill is darker in the winter, note the diagnostic dark spot behind the eye in winter plumage. Compare with Common Loon.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest may be a simple scrape or it may be placed on a mound of grasses, twigs, and mud.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2; 89 mm.; yellow-olive to brown in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 27-29 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 399,
"SPECIES_ID": 1738,
"CLO": 1738,
"SPEC_NAME": "Rock Dove",
"LATINNAME": "Columba livia",
"FAMILY_ID": "COLU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.2",
"SECRETS": "The Rock Dove has not only been introduced into the U.S., but it is now found widely established throughout the world. First introduced into North America in the early 1600's, Rock Doves are known to breed in every month of the year.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in urban areas, about farmlots, under large bridges, and on natural cliff walls or along rocky seacoasts; usually close to human settlements.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident throughout the United States and Mexico, and northward into the middle latitudes of the Canadian provinces.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Many different color variations exist, from all white to the typical grayish plumage. In flight, dark tail band and white rump are typical of birds from wild stock.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on cliff ledges or, more commonly, on the side of buildings or under cover of large man-made structures (e.g., bridges or barns). Nest is a loosely built, saucer-shaped structure of sticks, twigs, and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-2, usually 2; 39 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 16-19 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 25-26 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 400,
"SPECIES_ID": 1766,
"CLO": 1766,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-crowned Pigeon",
"LATINNAME": "Columba leucocephala",
"FAMILY_ID": "COLU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in mangrove, tropical deciduous, and tropical lowland evergreen forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Found in the Florida Everglades and Florida Keys.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Overall, blackish in color, except for back of neck, which has iridescent feathers; and crown, which is white, dull white, or grayish-brown depending on sex and age.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, usually up to 15 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a platform built from twigs and lined with roots and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-2, usually 2; 37 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes are thought to incubate the eggs and care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 401,
"SPECIES_ID": 1768,
"CLO": 1768,
"SPEC_NAME": "Scaly-naped Pigeon",
"LATINNAME": "Columba squamosa",
"FAMILY_ID": "COLU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in montane evergreen and tropical lowland evergreen forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to the West Indies; considered a casual visitor in southern Florida at Key West (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Overall, blackish in color, except for iridescent purple and chestnut feathering on rear of neck. Note also red eye ring in male; yellow eye ring in female.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 402,
"SPECIES_ID": 1772,
"CLO": 1772,
"SPEC_NAME": "Band-tailed Pigeon",
"LATINNAME": "Columba fasciata",
"FAMILY_ID": "COLU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.7 ****",
"SECRETS": "Study Band-tailed Pigeons in flight; at first, although they may resemble Rock Doves, you'll be able to see differences in flight style & overall shape. In time, you will be able to identify these birds from silhouette alone in flight!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested areas, including suburban woodlands.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southwestern British Columbia southward through the coastal states and western Nevada to Baja California; and from southern Nevada, Arizona, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and western Texas southward into Mexico. Generally winters from western Washington, central California, Arizona, and western Texas south throughout breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Wings and back are gray, with darker primary feathers and primary coverts; tail is also gray, with a broad, light gray terminal band. Undersides are purplish. Note bicolored bill and white stripe on hind neck.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, usually up to 40 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a platform built from sticks or twigs and sometimes lined with pine needles.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-2, usually 1; 40 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 18-20 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 25-27 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 403,
"SPECIES_ID": 1776,
"CLO": 1776,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-billed Pigeon",
"LATINNAME": "Columba flavirostris",
"FAMILY_ID": "COLU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested areas, and forest edge habitats.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident from Mexico and southern Texas south to Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Overall dark plumage with purplish chest and bicolored bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, usually up to 30 feet above the ground. Nest is a loose platform of twigs, lined with stems and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-2, usually 1; 38 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes are thought to incubate the eggs and care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 404,
"SPECIES_ID": 1787,
"CLO": 1787,
"SPEC_NAME": "European Turtle-Dove",
"LATINNAME": "Streptopelia turtur",
"FAMILY_ID": "COLU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open scrub or plains habitats; also frequents open woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to the Europe, Africa, and Asia; considered accidental in southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note black patch with white dots on side of neck (absent in immatures). Dark tail, bordered in white.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 405,
"SPECIES_ID": 1790,
"CLO": 1790,
"SPEC_NAME": "Oriental Turtle-Dove",
"LATINNAME": "Streptopelia orientalis",
"FAMILY_ID": "COLU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open forest and savanna habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia; considered a casual visitor to Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to European Turtle-Dove, but larger; black patch on side of neck has bluish-gray (not white) dots. Dark tail, bordered in white.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 406,
"SPECIES_ID": 1792,
"CLO": 1792,
"SPEC_NAME": "Spotted Dove",
"LATINNAME": "Streptopelia chinensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "COLU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in agricultural lands and in suburban areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia, introduced into North America. Established in southern California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note brownish-gray tail, the outer tail feathers of which are black with white tips. Brownish-gray upperparts, purplish-pink below; note spotted collar, for which it is named. Compare with Mourning Dove.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, usually up to 40 feet above the ground. Nest is a platform built from small sticks.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 407,
"SPECIES_ID": 1798,
"CLO": 1798,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eurasian Collared-Dove",
"LATINNAME": "Streptopelia decaocto",
"FAMILY_ID": "COLU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in suburban, park, and farm grove habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to the Europe and Asia; introduced and now established in southern Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and southeastern Louisiana (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Soft gray plumage overall; tail appears dark at base, with a wide terminal white band (as seen from below in flight). Black and white collar on back of neck is key; compare with Ringed Turtle-Dove, which is an escaped cage bird in portions of the U.S.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 408,
"SPECIES_ID": 1842,
"CLO": 1842,
"SPEC_NAME": "Passenger Pigeon",
"LATINNAME": "Ectopistes migratorius",
"FAMILY_ID": "COLU",
"STATUS": "Extinct",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "This is yet another species for which conservation measures were not enacted early enough to maintain a viable population. The last living bird died in captivity in 1914. At one time, observers could count billions of these birds!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Formerly found in forests; also frequented nearby open country habitats and cultivated lands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Extinct. Breeding range formerly extended from Montana, east-central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, southern Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia south to eastern Kansas, Oklahoma, Mississippi, and Georgia; wintered in the mid-West and southeast, from Arkansas, southern Missouri, Tennessee and North Carolina south to the Gulf coast and Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nFormerly a common migrant in North America, the cause for this species' decline is likely attributable to unlimited hunting, loss of forest lands, and harassment of nesting colonies. W.R. Manlove (1933. The Migrant 4(2):18-19. A roost of the wild pigeon.) described a flight of these birds that took place in the fall of 1870 at a location 10 kilometers north of Nashville, TN, as follows:\r\n\r\n\tWhen a flock of pigeons approached a grove the column would wheel and the first birds would alight on the ground under the trees in perfect alignment and begin to feed. The birds following would hover a moment on the wing and then drop in front of the first rank. When the first had advanced to where the second rank had been feeding, it would again take wing and drop in front, as before. This constant movement gave to the flock the appearance of a great cylinder of fluttering birds, hundreds of yards long, rolling through the woods with machine-like precision, and at about the speed a man would walk.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 409,
"SPECIES_ID": 1843,
"CLO": 1843,
"SPEC_NAME": "Mourning Dove",
"LATINNAME": "Zenaida macroura",
"FAMILY_ID": "COLU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.3 ***",
"SECRETS": "Mourning Doves begin incubating as soon as the 1st egg is laid; as a result, the 2nd egg laid hatches about 2 days after the 1st; resulting size difference in nestlings can easily be observed. One pair may raise 2-5 broods per season.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Widespread; found in open woodlands, agricultural areas, suburban areas, and open habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central British Columbia, east across central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, southern Quebec, Maine, and New Brunswick to Nova Scotia; and south to the Gulf coast, Baja California, and Mexico; northern populations are migratory (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note brownish-gray upperparts, with black spots; pale gray underparts, with pink hue. Brownish-gray tail, the outer tail feathers of which are blackish-gray with white tips. In flight, tail narrows to a point, and wings are falcon-like, with pointed tips. When flushed, note the distinctive whistling sound that its wings make.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees (sometimes on the ground), usually up to 40 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a flimsy platform built from sticks or twigs.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-4, usually 2; 28 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 410,
"SPECIES_ID": 1846,
"CLO": 1846,
"SPEC_NAME": "Zenaida Dove",
"LATINNAME": "Zenaida aurita",
"FAMILY_ID": "COLU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tropical deciduous forests, lowland scrub habitats, and in second-growth habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to the West Indies; formerly resident in the Florida Keys, where it bred. Now considered a casual visitor in southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Mourning Dove; note more rounded, gray-tipped tail and white trailing edge to secondary feathers (seen in flight and on bird at rest). Compare also with White-winged Dove.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 411,
"SPECIES_ID": 1847,
"CLO": 1847,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-winged Dove",
"LATINNAME": "Zenaida asiatica",
"FAMILY_ID": "COLU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.6",
"SECRETS": "White-winged Doves can easily be detected once one knows the song, which is often described as 'Who-cooks-for-you?' Once you have learned this song, you can detect the presence of this species even before one is seen.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tropical deciduous forest, riparian thickets, open scrubby areas, and second-growth habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, central Arizona, central New Mexico, and western and central Texas south to Baja California and Mexico; locally breeds in southern Louisiana and southern Alabama. Populations in California, Nevada, and Utah are migratory (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note white wing patch, and white tips to tail feathers; tail is more rounded in shape than Mourning Dove.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: May breed in colonies. Nests in trees or shrubs, usually up to 25 feet above the ground. Nest is a saucer-shaped structure built from sticks, twigs, or grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-4, usually 2; 31 mm.; creamy buff to white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 13-16 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 412,
"SPECIES_ID": 1849,
"CLO": 1849,
"SPEC_NAME": "Inca Dove",
"LATINNAME": "Columbina inca",
"FAMILY_ID": "COLU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.7 *",
"SECRETS": "If you're looking for your lifer Inca Dove, don't be fooled into thinking you have go to some wild, ultra-rural setting: these birds are commonly seen in cities and towns. Walk alley ways or quiet streets and listen for its song.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in riparian thickets, second-growth habitats, and open, scrubby areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from southeastern California, southern Nevada, central Arizona, southern New Mexico, central Texas, and western Louisiana south into Mexico; also breeds in northeastern Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Larger than Common Ground-Dove; both species have rufous flash in wings, but the Inca Dove has a longer, white-edged tail and a scaled appearance on belly and flanks.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, usually up to 25 feet above the ground. Nest is a saucer-shaped structure built from twigs, weeds, grasses, and other vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2; 22 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14-16 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 413,
"SPECIES_ID": 1851,
"CLO": 1851,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Ground-Dove",
"LATINNAME": "Columbina passerina",
"FAMILY_ID": "COLU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.5 ***",
"SECRETS": "The Common Ground-Dove, perhaps more so than other southern doves, is prone to wandering far north of its normal range. Look for them in the fall, especially in the mid-West following the passage of a hurricane in the Gulf coast area.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in second-growth habitats, open, scrubby areas, pastures, agricultural lands, and in lowland pine savanna habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from the southern United States and Baja California south into Mexico.\r\n\r\nField Marks: This dove is identified by its tiny size, flash or rufous in the wing, and grayish-black tail. Compare with Inca Dove.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, but may sometimes nest in shrub or tree (up to 21 feet above the ground). Nest is a simple scrape (ground) or saucer-shaped structure (shrub or tree) made from twigs and other vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-3, usually 2; 22 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 11 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 414,
"SPECIES_ID": 1853,
"CLO": 1853,
"SPEC_NAME": "Ruddy Ground-Dove",
"LATINNAME": "Columbina talpacoti",
"FAMILY_ID": "COLU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in second-growth habitats, riparian thickets, and open, scrubby areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident of Mexico and Central America; rarely found in southern California, southern Arizona, and southern Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Common Ground-Dove; lacks that species' scaled appearance on head and breast. Also note more rufous coloration on back and mostly dark bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Little information is available.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 415,
"SPECIES_ID": 1866,
"CLO": 1866,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-tipped Dove",
"LATINNAME": "Leptotila verreauxi",
"FAMILY_ID": "COLU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "This species was formerly called White-fronted Dove.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in various forested and wooded habitats, including brushy thickets, and tropical deciduous or evergreen forests.\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident in southern Texas and in Mexico.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Grayish-brown back, paler underparts, and mostly dark tail with outer tail feathers tipped with white.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrub or tree, usually up to 12 feet above the ground. Nest is a flimsy saucer-shaped structure built from sticks, grass, and other vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2; 31 mm.; creamy-buff to white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 416,
"SPECIES_ID": 1889,
"CLO": 1889,
"SPEC_NAME": "Key West Quail-Dove",
"LATINNAME": "Geotrygon chrysia",
"FAMILY_ID": "COLU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tropical deciduous forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to the West Indies; considered a casual visitor in southern Florida, where it apparently was once more common and perhaps even bred (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note purplish hue to wings, back, and tail; and greenish tint to nape of neck. White line on side of face is located below the eye.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 417,
"SPECIES_ID": 1892,
"CLO": 1892,
"SPEC_NAME": "Ruddy Quail-Dove",
"LATINNAME": "Geotrygon montana",
"FAMILY_ID": "COLU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tropical evergreen and mixed evergreen-deciduous forests; also on coffee plantations.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to the West Indies, Mexico, and Central America; considered a casual visitor in southern Texas and southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note buffy-white line below eye (compare with Key West Quail-Dove). Upperparts are brown or chestnut in color; underparts are tan or cinnamon-buff in color.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, or builds a stick platform nest in tree.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2?; buff-colored.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation period lasts approximately 11 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 418,
"SPECIES_ID": 2120,
"CLO": 2120,
"SPEC_NAME": "Budgerigar",
"LATINNAME": "Melopsittacus undulatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PSIT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in suburban areas, with open grassy habitats nearby (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Australia; introduced (and now established) in west-central Florida. However, this is a common cage bird, and escapes may be found in many areas of North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Variable plumage; typically birds have yellow head and back, with dark barring on back; wings are dark yellowish-green, and rump and underparts are green. In flight, also note white wing stripe.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Lays 4-7 eggs. Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 18 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 30-36 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 419,
"SPECIES_ID": 2217,
"CLO": 2217,
"SPEC_NAME": "Thick-billed Parrot",
"LATINNAME": "Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha",
"FAMILY_ID": "PSIT",
"STATUS": "Endangered",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested pine habitats.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Now endemic to northwest Mexico; formerly wandered north to Arizona. Recently was introduced to southeastern Arizona (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A large, greenish parrot, with red forehead extending back and over the eye; also note red shoulder and, in flight, yellow stripe on underside of wing.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavity.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-2; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 420,
"SPECIES_ID": 2219,
"CLO": 2219,
"SPEC_NAME": "Carolina Parakeet",
"LATINNAME": "Conuropsis carolinensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "PSIT",
"STATUS": "Extinct",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The A.O.U. (1998) notes that the last known living Carolina Parakeet died in the Cincinnati Zoo on 21 February 1918; however, other sources indicate the last known individual of this species died there in September 1914.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Formerly found in deciduous and riverine forests, and cypress swamps; also foraged in cultivated areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Extinct. Former range extended from eastern Nebraska, Iowa, southeastern Wisconsin, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey south to Florida, the Gulf coast states, and southern Oklahoma (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nFormerly a common species, the Carolina Parakeet is notable in that it was the only member of its family that was native to the United States. However, because it was a known agricultural pest, farmers hunted and killed these birds. Carolina Parakeets were also shot by sport hunters, and some were taken from the wild to become cage birds. These activities, combined with habitat loss, likely contributed to the overall decline and extinction of this species. The last known living Carolina Parakeet died in the Cincinnati Zoo in 1918 (A.O.U. 1998).",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 421,
"SPECIES_ID": 2241,
"CLO": 2241,
"SPEC_NAME": "Monk Parakeet",
"LATINNAME": "Myiopsitta monachus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PSIT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in urban and suburban areas, including city parks (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to South America; introduced (and now established) in the eastern United States, ranging from Illinois, Michigan, southern Quebec, southern New York, Connecticut, and Rhode Island south to New Jersey; also in Texas and Florida. Individual reports are known from other states, west to California and Oregon (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Greenish upperparts, wings, and tail; note lemon-yellow belly and undertail coverts, and dull, grayish-white throat and chest.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, where it builds bulky, domed stick nests, up to 40 feet above the ground. Lays 5-9 eggs, which are white. Incubation lasts approximately 31 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 422,
"SPECIES_ID": 2255,
"CLO": 2255,
"SPEC_NAME": "Canary-winged Parakeet",
"LATINNAME": "Brotogeris versicolurus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PSIT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "White-winged Parakeet",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in suburban areas and in parks (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to South America; introduced (and now established) in southern California and in west-central and southeastern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Greenish parakeet, with conspicuous wing patches. Wing patches are predominantly white with a yellow hue to them.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in cavities, or (in California) in dead fronds of palm trees; lays 5 eggs, which are white. Female incubates the eggs; incubation lasts approximately 26 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 423,
"SPECIES_ID": 2302,
"CLO": 2302,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-crowned Parrot",
"LATINNAME": "Amazona viridigenalis",
"FAMILY_ID": "PSIT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in mixed deciduous-evergreen forests, along forest edge, and in areas with scattered trees (A.O.U. 1998); also in urban and suburban areas.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico; introduced (and now established) in southern Florida. A known breeding population in Texas in the lower Rio Grande Valley is thought to have originated from birds that escaped from captivity (A.O.U. 1998). Origin of birds in southern California is also thought to be of escaped cage birds.\r\n\r\nField Marks: A large, rather chunky parrot. Greenish overall, with red crown (less extensive in female) and forehead, red wing patch, and black tips to primary feathers.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Little information is available.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 424,
"SPECIES_ID": 2443,
"CLO": 2443,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Cuckoo",
"LATINNAME": "Cuculus canorus",
"FAMILY_ID": "CUCU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in taiga and other open habitats; also in bushy habitats, and open woodlands and along forest edge (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and India; occasionally found in migration in Alaska and the Aleutian Islands; considered accidental in Greenland and Massachusetts (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: There are two color phases: gray and brown; interestingly, only immatures and females exhibit the brown form. In gray phase, head and upperparts are gray, and tail is dark gray; underparts are dull white, with narrow gray barring (compare with Oriental Cuckoo). In brown or red phase, both underparts, back, and tail are heavily barred with black; however rump is paler than similar phase in Oriental Cuckoo.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 425,
"SPECIES_ID": 2445,
"CLO": 2445,
"SPEC_NAME": "Oriental Cuckoo",
"LATINNAME": "Cuculus saturatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "CUCU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia and Australia; considered a casual visitor to Alaska and the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: There are two color phases: gray and brown. Similar in appearance to Common Cuckoo, but is generally darker above and is more heavily barred underneath; in brown or red phase, rump is usually more heavily barred than in Common Cuckoo.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 426,
"SPECIES_ID": 2540,
"CLO": 2540,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-billed Cuckoo",
"LATINNAME": "Coccyzus erythropthalmus",
"FAMILY_ID": "COCC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.2 ***",
"SECRETS": "The call most frequently heard is a repetitive series of 'cu-cu-cu' phrases; in areas where range overlaps with Least Bittern, use caution in identifying birds by sound alone, as this call is similar to call of Least Bittern.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in scrubby habitats, along woodland edge, and in open woodland areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from east-central Alberta across southern Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, and New Brunswick, to Nova Scotia; and south to Montana, southeastern Wyoming, eastern Colorado, north-central Oklahoma, and Tennessee east to the Carolinas. This species winters in South America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Yellow-billed Cuckoo; note black bill, absence of rufous wing patches, reddish eye ring, and gray-and-white undertail pattern.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, usually up to 10 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a platform built from twigs and grasses and lined with fern leaves, grass, and other vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 2-3; 27 mm.; bluish-green.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 10-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 7-9 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 427,
"SPECIES_ID": 2541,
"CLO": 2541,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow-billed Cuckoo",
"LATINNAME": "Coccyzus americanus",
"FAMILY_ID": "COCC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.6 ****",
"SECRETS": "Common call is a series of 'kuks', ending with descending 'cowlp!' notes; also may give a monotonous series of 'oooh' calls in the summer.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested areas, open woodlands, and in riparian forests.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes southern Ontario, southwestern Quebec, and most areas of the United States south and east of central California, southern Idaho, Wyoming, southeastern Montana, and North Dakota east to Maine; also breeds in Baja California, and in Mexico; winters in South America (A.O.U. 1998). Has experienced significant population decline in California.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Black-billed Cuckoo; note yellow lower mandible, presence of rufous wing patches, lack of reddish eye ring, and black-and-white undertail pattern.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, usually up to 12 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a platform built from twigs and lined with leaves, grass, and other vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-8, usually 4; 31 mm.; light bluish-green in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 9-11 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 7-8 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 428,
"SPECIES_ID": 2543,
"CLO": 2543,
"SPEC_NAME": "Mangrove Cuckoo",
"LATINNAME": "Coccyzus minor",
"FAMILY_ID": "COCC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested areas, scrubby forested habitats, along woodland edge, and in mangrove forests.\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is a resident of Mexico and southern Florida; it is considered a casual visitor to southeastern Texas and in northern and peninsular Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black mask, and buffy belly and undertail coverts distinguish this species from Yellow-billed Cuckoo. Entire underparts are buffy in birds from Mexico.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or thickets. Nest is a platform built from twigs.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2; 31 mm.; greenish-blue in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 429,
"SPECIES_ID": 2558,
"CLO": 2558,
"SPEC_NAME": "Smooth-billed Ani",
"LATINNAME": "Crotophaga ani",
"FAMILY_ID": "CROT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in brushy fields, scrublands, and in agricultural areas, including pastures.\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species' limited distribution includes central and southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black color, large bill, and elaborate tail distinguish anis from other North American birds; bill of this species rises above crown and lacks 'grooves' (compare with Groove-billed Ani).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Employs communal nesting strategy, whereby two or more pairs contribute to nest building and the rearing of young; eggs laid in nest are laid by more than one female. Nests in trees, usually up to 30 feet above the ground. Nest is a bulky, cup-shaped structure built from sticks, weeds, leaves, and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4; 35 mm.; light blue in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 430,
"SPECIES_ID": 2559,
"CLO": 2559,
"SPEC_NAME": "Groove-billed Ani",
"LATINNAME": "Crotophaga sulcirostris",
"FAMILY_ID": "CROT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in second-growth habitats, open areas, along forest edge, and in farm fields.\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is a resident of southern Baja California, Mexico, central and southern Texas, and southern Louisiana; it is especially prone to wandering, and has been seen as far north as Colorado, Minnesota, and southern Ontario (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black color, large bill, and elaborate tail distinguish anis from other North American birds; bill of this species is smaller than in Smooth-billed Ani; note that the bill does not rise above crown and has grooves (visible only at close range).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Employs communal nesting strategy, whereby two or more pairs contribute to nest building and the rearing of young; eggs laid in nest are laid by more than one female. Nests in shrubs or trees, usually up to 12 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a bulky, cup-shaped structure built from twigs and lined with leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-8, usually 3-4; 31 mm.; blue, sometimes greenish, with a chalky coating.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 7 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 431,
"SPECIES_ID": 2565,
"CLO": 2565,
"SPEC_NAME": "Greater Roadrunner",
"LATINNAME": "Geococcyx californianus",
"FAMILY_ID": "NEOM",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.3",
"SECRETS": "The Roadrunner is well-built for its ground-dwelling habits; surprisingly, despite its appearance, it has a melodic song, a series of descending 'coo' notes.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in scrubby or brushy habitats, in desert or arid environments; also near agricultural lands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident from north-central California east to southwestern Missouri; and south to the Gulf coast, Baja California, and Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Large size, long tail, and boldly streaked appearance make the Greater Roadrunner easy to identify.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrub, cactus, or tree, usually up to 15 feet above the ground. Nest is a platform built from sticks and lined with leaves, grasses, and other vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 3-5; 39 mm.; white, occasionally yellowish in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 20 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 18 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 432,
"SPECIES_ID": 2583,
"CLO": 2583,
"SPEC_NAME": "Barn Owl",
"LATINNAME": "Tyto alba",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYTO",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.4",
"SECRETS": "In addition to being found in rural areas, the Barn Owl can also be found in urban and suburban environments; on calm nights, the careful observer may hear its call or see it flying with the aid of street lights.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open areas, including open grasslands; utilizes man-made structures such as buildings or bridges for nest sites; also nests in caves or hollow trees (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: In Canada, it is found in southern British Columbia, extreme southern Ontario, and in southern Quebec; also throughout the United States except northern Idaho, northern Minnesota, and the extreme northeastern U.S. Breeding range extends southward into Baja California and Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note pale reddish-brown back and wings; underparts vary from near white to pale reddish in color, and have a speckled, sandy appearance. Facial disk is white; eyes are dark.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in sheltered locations such as a hollow tree cavity, old barn, rock crevice on cliff, etc.; will also utilize nesting boxes erected for it.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-11, usually 5-7; 43 mm.; white or buffy-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 30-34 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 52-56 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 433,
"SPECIES_ID": 2597,
"CLO": 2597,
"SPEC_NAME": "Flammulated Owl",
"LATINNAME": "Otus flammeolus",
"FAMILY_ID": "STRI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "This small owl feeds largely on insects, spiders, scorpions, and other arthropods; this diet may, in large part, explain its highly migratory behavior.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Montane forests, typically pine forests (A.O.U. 1998); also frequents oak woodlands.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from south-central British Columbia, central Washington, southern Idaho, western Montana, and north-central Colorado south to eastern Oregon, south-central California, Arizona, New Mexico, western Texas, and Mexico. Highly migratory, this species winters from central Mexico south to Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Two color phases are known: red and gray. Small size; small ear tufts. Dark eyes separate this species from the Screech-Owls. Nocturnal; active only at night.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Sometimes breeds in loose colonies. Nests in tree cavities, typically abandoned woodpecker holes.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3-4; 29 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female primarily incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 26 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 434,
"SPECIES_ID": 2600,
"CLO": 2600,
"SPEC_NAME": "Oriental Scops-Owl",
"LATINNAME": "Otus sunia",
"FAMILY_ID": "STRI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia; considered accidental in the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Small size; mottled plumage is grayish-brown in color. Compare with our Screech-Owls, which have more streaking or barring.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 435,
"SPECIES_ID": 2623,
"CLO": 2623,
"SPEC_NAME": "Western Screech-Owl",
"LATINNAME": "Otus kennicottii",
"FAMILY_ID": "STRI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-7.8 *",
"SECRETS": "Formerly classified as one species with the Eastern Screech-Owl; like that species, it is easily found using whistled imitations or tape recordings of its call.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in wooded areas, typically oak and riparian forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident along the Pacific coast, from southern Alaska south to Baja California and Mexico; range extends eastward to south-central British Columbia, northern Idaho, south-central Montana, northwestern Wyoming, southeastern Colorado, extreme western Oklahoma, and south-central Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Small size, yellow eyes, ear tufts. Compare with Eastern Screech-Owl: note dark bill. Usually, plumage is grayish, but some birds in the northwestern part of its range are more brownish in color. Call is similar to Eastern Screech-Owl, but with practice can be readily distinguished from that species.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavities, usually up to 30 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 2-5; 36 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that only the female incubates the eggs; both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21-30 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 28 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 436,
"SPECIES_ID": 2624,
"CLO": 2624,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eastern Screech-Owl",
"LATINNAME": "Otus asio",
"FAMILY_ID": "STRI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-4.6",
"SECRETS": "Eastern Screech-Owls can sometimes be found roosting in Wood Duck boxes during the fall and winter months; in early morning light, they may be seen perched at the entrance hole to the box. Occasionally, they breed in these boxes, as well.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open deciduous or mixed deciduous-coniferous woodlands, especially oak woodlands; also riparian woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from the Atlantic coast (from southwestern Quebec south to Florida) west to southern Saskatchewan, central Montana, northern and eastern Wyoming, eastern Colorado, western Oklahoma, and west-central Texas and eastern Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Small size, yellow eyes, ear tufts. Compare with Western Screech-Owl: note pale-colored bill. Two color phases are typically seen: red and gray. Call is similar to Western Screech-Owl, but with practice can be readily distinguished from that species.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavities, usually from 15-50 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-8, usually 4-5; 34 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 26 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 27 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 437,
"SPECIES_ID": 2627,
"CLO": 2627,
"SPEC_NAME": "Whiskered Screech-Owl",
"LATINNAME": "Otus trichopsis",
"FAMILY_ID": "STRI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pine forests and pine-oak forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from southeastern Arizona south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Small size, yellow eyes, ear tufts. Compare with Western Screech-Owl: it is slightly smaller than that species, but identification is best made by voice in areas where the range of each species overlaps.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavities, usually up to 18 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4, usually 3; 33 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known; role of parents in incubation and brood rearing is probably similar to the other species of Screech-Owls described here.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 438,
"SPECIES_ID": 2645,
"CLO": 2645,
"SPEC_NAME": "Great Horned Owl",
"LATINNAME": "Bubo virginianus",
"FAMILY_ID": "STRI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.6",
"SECRETS": "Can often be seen at dusk, perched on light pole or at top of tree. A powerful owl; evidence of encounter between this species and a Wild Turkey was once discovered in southern Illinois: the turkey lost!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Frequents a wide diversity of forested habitats, especially forests and woodlands with scattered openings.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Widespread; occurs throughout North America with the exception of extreme northern Alaska and extreme northern Canada.\r\n\r\nField Marks: This is the owl that most novice and non-birders are familiar with; its 5-8 note call is easily learned. Large size, conspicuous ear tufts; bulkier and more heavily built than Long-eared Owl. Note chestnut facial disk, yellowish eyes, and barred underparts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: May nest on the ground, on a cliff ledge, or in some other sheltered area; but typically nests up to 70 feet high in tree. Usually uses old tree nest of hawk, heron, or crow.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-6, usually 2-3; 55 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 26-35 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 35 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 439,
"SPECIES_ID": 2666,
"CLO": 2666,
"SPEC_NAME": "Snowy Owl",
"LATINNAME": "Nyctea scandiaca",
"FAMILY_ID": "STRI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The Snowy Owl is an irruptive species, occurring in areas far south of its normal wintering range when its primary prey species (lemming and Arctic Hare) are in extremely low numbers; this may happen every 4-5 years.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on the Arctic tundra; also frequents open areas (e.g., airports, grassy fields, open floodplains, etc.) in winter.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from the Aleutian Islands and northern Alaska east across northern Yukon, northern Mackenzie, Keewatin, the Arctic islands, northeastern Manitoba, and northern Quebec to northern Labrador. Winter range is variable, typically from breeding area south to southern Canada, North Dakota, the Great Lakes region, and New York, but occasionally may be found much further south (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A large, tuftless white owl, with yellow eyes. Barring on front of bird and spotting on upperparts are usually less prominent on adult males; and most apparent on immature birds. Diurnal; may often be spotted during daylight hours.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; nest is a simple scrape which is sometimes lined with moss, lichens, or grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-9 or more, usually 3-4; 56 mm.; white or creamy white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 32-34 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 16 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 440,
"SPECIES_ID": 2672,
"CLO": 2672,
"SPEC_NAME": "Spotted Owl",
"LATINNAME": "Strix occidentalis",
"FAMILY_ID": "STRI",
"STATUS": "Threatened in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Perhaps due to natural range expansion or habitat modification, the Barred Owl was able to recently cross the Great Plains into western Canada, & south into the range of the Spotted Owl; hybrids of these 2 species have been documented.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coniferous forests, mixed coniferous-deciduous forests, and in hardwood forests, including riparian hardwood habitats; usually in stands with mature or old-forest conditions.\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from southwestern British Columbia south through western Washington, western Oregon, and throughout California and extreme western Nevada; also occurs in the Rocky Mountain region from southern Utah and Colorado southward into Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico.\r\n\r\nField Marks: A relatively large, tuftless owl; brownish-gray in color, with dark eyes and white spots on head, back, and wings. Compare with Barred Owl; note that the underparts of the Spotted Owl are barred with brown and white pattern, whereas Spotted Owl shows both barring and streaking on underparts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Usually nests in trees, typically in cavities or in a snag or tree whose top has broken off; however, nest may also be placed on debris platform resulting from abandoned nest of hawk or raven, mistletoe brooms, or squirrel nests. Other nesting sites may include caves or cavities in cliffs.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-4, usually 1-2; 50 mm.; white or buffy-white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 28-32 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 34-36 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 441,
"SPECIES_ID": 2673,
"CLO": 2673,
"SPEC_NAME": "Barred Owl",
"LATINNAME": "Strix varia",
"FAMILY_ID": "STRI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "3.3 ****",
"SECRETS": "Call, 'Who-cooks-for you, who-cooks-for-you-all!', is easily learned; Barred Owls are not as tame nor as easily approached as Spotted Owl.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in dense woodlands and swamps, especially floodplain or lowland forested habitats.\r\n\r\nDistribution: In the west, this species is resident from southeastern Alaska and southern & eastern British Columbia south into northern California, Oregon, and western Montana. Also found in central Alberta and central Saskatchewan; from there, range extends from southern Manitoba, central Ontario, southern Quebec, and New Brunswick east to Nova Scotia; and south to Texas, the Gulf coast, and Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A large, tuftless owl; brownish-gray in color, with dark eyes. Note diagnostic pattern to underparts, where upper breast is barred and lower breast and belly is streaked with a brown and white color pattern; compare with Spotted Owl.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavities, or in abandoned nests of crow, hawk, or squirrel.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 2-3; 50 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 28-33 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 42 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 442,
"SPECIES_ID": 2679,
"CLO": 2679,
"SPEC_NAME": "Great Gray Owl",
"LATINNAME": "Strix nebulosa",
"FAMILY_ID": "STRI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "This diurnal species also exhibits irruptive movements, occasionally wintering well south of its breeding range, most likely in response to substantial decline in prey availability.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in dense coniferous or hardwood forests, usually adjacent to meadows, where it forages; most typically found in woodlands consisting of pine, spruce, paper birch, or poplar (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska east across northern Yukon, northwestern and central Mackenzie, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario to west-central Quebec; and south locally to the following areas: north-central Washington and south-central Oregon to the Sierra Nevada range in California; northern Idaho, western Montana, and western Wyoming; and southwestern & central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, and south-central Ontario. Winter range essentially encompasses breeding range; however, birds may occasionally winter south of their breeding range in the eastern and central parts of the continent (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Built like a battleship; this is the largest North American owl. Dark grayish-white in color, the best field mark is perhaps the facial disk: note the gray and white concentric circles, yellow bill, and yellow eyes.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, usually from 10-50 feet above the ground. Nest is usually an abandoned nest of another bird species; also nests on stumps remaining from broken-top trees; and may even use artificial nest platforms built for it.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 2-4; 54 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 30 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 21-28 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 443,
"SPECIES_ID": 2680,
"CLO": 2680,
"SPEC_NAME": "Mottled Owl",
"LATINNAME": "Strix virgata",
"FAMILY_ID": "STRI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested areas and along woodland edge.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico, Central America, and South America; considered accidental in Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Barred and Spotted Owls; note that upperparts are dark brown and are not as strongly spotted or barred with white or buffy-white markings. Scapulars are more boldly marked with white than back and rest of wing. Underparts are whitish or buffy in color, with dark brown streaking; note that at sides of breast, dark brown mottling contrasts with the otherwise streaked appearance of the underparts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is built in tree cavities; alternatively, may use abandoned nests of other bird species; usually two eggs are laid.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 444,
"SPECIES_ID": 2690,
"CLO": 2690,
"SPEC_NAME": "Northern Hawk Owl",
"LATINNAME": "Surnia ulula",
"FAMILY_ID": "STRI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Like some other birds of prey, the Northern Hawk Owl is an irruptive species, sometimes occurring further south in the winter than normal; however, its invasion cycle is unpredictable & not as frequent. It is diurnal and tame in its habits.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coniferous or mixed coniferous-deciduous forests; also frequents forest edge, bogs, younger woodlands with scrubby undergrowth, and muskeg habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska east across central Yukon, northwestern and central Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, northern Quebec, and central Labrador to Newfoundland; and south to central British Columbia, northwestern Montana, west-central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, southern Quebec, and New Brunswick. Generally winters throughout the breeding range and, in some years, further south (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Although it is an owl, its falcon-shaped body explains why it has been named 'Hawk Owl'. Note barred underparts, long tail, and yellow eyes.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, usually from 10-40 feet above the ground. Nest may be in tree cavity, in the hollow top of trees whose top has broken off, or in an abandoned crow or hawk nest.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-9 or more, usually 5-7; 40 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 25-30 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 25-35 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 445,
"SPECIES_ID": 2695,
"CLO": 2695,
"SPEC_NAME": "Northern Pygmy-Owl",
"LATINNAME": "Glaucidium californicum",
"FAMILY_ID": "STRI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "3.6 **",
"SECRETS": "Chiefly diurnal in its habitats, especially early in the morning or just before dark. Also, often heard calling during the day.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous, coniferous, or mixed coniferous-deciduous forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident range encompasses the Pacific coast from southern Alaska south to southern California and Mexico; and extends eastward to west-central Alberta, central Montana, southern Arizona, and southern New Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A tiny, tuftless owl; note two color phases (red and gray), streaked underparts, and black spots on nape. Bill is pale yellowish in color; compare with Northern Saw-whet Owl.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavities, usually from 8-20 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-7, usually 3-4; 29 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 28 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 27-28 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 446,
"SPECIES_ID": 2703,
"CLO": 2703,
"SPEC_NAME": "Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl",
"LATINNAME": "Glaucidium brasilianum",
"FAMILY_ID": "STRI",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in scrubby habitats, in open woodlands, and in relatively open areas with scattered forest patches.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident range includes southern Texas and south-central Arizona, south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A tiny, tuftless owl. Compare with Northern Pygmy-Owl, which it closely resembles; note streaked (rather than spotted) crown; where both species overlap in range, generally occurs at lower elevations.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavities, usually from 10-20 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 3-4; 29 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 28 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 27-30 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 447,
"SPECIES_ID": 2716,
"CLO": 2716,
"SPEC_NAME": "Elf Owl",
"LATINNAME": "Micrathene whitneyi",
"FAMILY_ID": "STRI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested canyons, and in relatively open areas with scrub and scattered trees; usually in arid or semiarid environments.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident in southern Baja California. Elsewhere, summer breeding range extends from extreme southern Nevada, extreme southeastern California, central Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and western and southern Texas south into Mexico. Withdraws from northern portion of its range in the winter, when it is found in central Mexico and southern Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This is the tiniest North American owl. Note tuftless appearance, yellow eyes, mottled, reddish-gray underparts, and grayish-brown upperparts with conspicuous white markings on wing coverts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in abandoned woodpecker cavities of the saguaro cactus; but may also nest in tree cavities; nest is usually from 15-35 or more feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-5, usually 2-3; 27 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 24 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 28-33 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 448,
"SPECIES_ID": 2720,
"CLO": 2720,
"SPEC_NAME": "Burrowing Owl",
"LATINNAME": "Athene cunicularia",
"FAMILY_ID": "STRI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.7",
"SECRETS": "Diurnal in its habits; often perches on fence posts or dirt mounds, where the keen observer driving at 60 m.p.h. learns to distinguish it from ground squirrels or prairie dogs.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in grassland and arid scrub habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from south-central British Columbia, southern Alberta, and southern Manitoba south to California, Baja California, and Mexico; and east to western Minnesota, northwestern Iowa, northwestern Missouri, Oklahoma, and western Texas. Also breeds in southern Florida. Winters throughout most of breeding range; however, populations found in the northern portions of its range in the Great Basin and Great Plains regions are migratory (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This rather small, grayish-brown owl is best identified by its ground-dwelling habits and long legs. Note also yellow eyes and lack of ear tufts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Usually breeds in colonies. Utilizes burrows of prairie dogs or other species as its nest site.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-11, usually 7-9; 31 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21-28 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 28 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 449,
"SPECIES_ID": 2721,
"CLO": 2721,
"SPEC_NAME": "Boreal Owl",
"LATINNAME": "Aegolius funereus",
"FAMILY_ID": "STRI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The call of the Boreal Owl is one of the most haunting sounds you will ever hear; ironically, it resembles the winnowing of the Common Snipe; spend some time comparing the sounds of these two species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coniferous or mixed coniferous-deciduous woodlands; also frequents alder thickets and muskeg habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and central Yukon east across southern Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, and central Quebec to Labrador; and south to northern British Columbia; the mountains of eastern Washington, northeastern Oregon, central Idaho, western Montana, and locally in Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico; and central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, and northern Minnesota east to southern Quebec and New Brunswick. Generally winters throughout breeding range and, in some years, further south (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This tiny, tuftless owl should be compared with the Northern Saw-whet Owl; facial disk is pale white, with a dark border; also note light-colored bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavities, usually from 10-20 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-10, usually 4-6; 32 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 27-28 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 28-33 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 450,
"SPECIES_ID": 2722,
"CLO": 2722,
"SPEC_NAME": "Northern Saw-whet Owl",
"LATINNAME": "Aegolius acadicus",
"FAMILY_ID": "STRI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "In the winter, when you happen to find one Saw-whet Owl, start looking for more nearby: they often form loose communal winter roosts of two or more individuals.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coniferous (especially cedar groves) or mixed coniferous-deciduous woodlands; also frequents alder thickets and dense brushy, second-growth habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern Alaska, southern and northeastern British Columbia, and central Alberta east to southern Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia; and south to south-central California (and locally in the Mexican highlands), western Texas, central Oklahoma, central Illinois, and central Indiana east to Maryland and the mountains of eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina. In the winter, generally occurs throughout breeding range, but (in some years) also found in areas south of breeding range, including southern California, southern Arizona, the Gulf coast, and Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This tiny, rather tame, tuftless owl is streaked with reddish-brown on the underparts, and is dark reddish-brown on back and wings, with white spotting. Compare with Boreal Owl; note dark bill and reddish-brown facial disk lacking dark border.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavities (or in man-made nest boxes), usually from 14-60 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-7, usually 5-6; 30 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female). Incubation lasts approximately 26-28 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 27-34 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 451,
"SPECIES_ID": 2748,
"CLO": 2748,
"SPEC_NAME": "Long-eared Owl",
"LATINNAME": "Asio otus",
"FAMILY_ID": "STRI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The key to finding Long-eared Owls is knowing when you're in the proper habitat: when the forest or woodland thicket gets so dense that you can barely walk through it, slow down, and intensively scan each tree for this hard-to-find species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in dense coniferous or mixed coniferous-deciduous forests, and in wooded riparian areas; usually near open fields which are used for foraging.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from south-coastal British Columbia and southwestern Mackenzie east across northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, southern Quebec, and New Brunswick to Nova Scotia; and south locally to northwestern Baja California, southern Arizona, southern New Mexico, extreme northern Mexico, western Texas, Oklahoma, Missouri, central Illinois, and southern Indiana east to New York. Northern populations are migratory; winter range extends from southern Canada south to northern Baja California, Mexico, southern Texas, and the Gulf coast east to Georgia (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Great Horned Owl: note comparatively longer ear tufts, bright chestnut of facial disk, overall slim-bodied appearance, and combination of streaks and barring on underparts. Forms communal winter roosts; presence may oftentimes be disclosed by large amounts of white wash and owl pellets in suitable habitat. Relies on its cryptic coloration to avoid detection; allows relative close approach before flying away to nearby thicket.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Typically nests in abandoned squirrel, crow, hawk, or heron nest, usually from 10-40 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-10, usually 4-5; 40 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 26-28 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 23-26 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 452,
"SPECIES_ID": 2750,
"CLO": 2750,
"SPEC_NAME": "Short-eared Owl",
"LATINNAME": "Asio flammeus",
"FAMILY_ID": "STRI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.8 *",
"SECRETS": "Active at dawn, and at dusk; also sometimes at mid-day. Best way to find this species is to scan large open fields, meadows, or marshes just before dusk or at dawn.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open areas, including Arctic tundra, grassy fields, meadows, or marshes.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and northern Yukon east across northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, southern Baffin Island, northern Quebec, and northern Labrador to Newfoundland; and south to central California, northern Nevada, Utah, northeastern Colorado, and Kansas east to western Kentucky; and from southern Indiana east to New Jersey. Northern populations are migratory; winter range generally extends from southern Canada south to southern Baja California, Mexico, the Gulf coast, and Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Often found when one is disturbed from its ground roost; note buffy wing patches at the wrist of the upper wing (seen in flight); when perched, small and indistinct ear tufts may also be seen. Note streaked underparts. Black wrist mark on underside of wing is reminiscent of Red-tailed Hawk's underwing pattern. Flies haphazardly low over open fields in search of food. Forms communal winter roosts, sometimes with a dozen or more owls being present in the same general area.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: May sometimes breed in small colonies. Nests on the ground; nest is a simple depression which is lined with grasses and weeds.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-14, usually 4-7; 39 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 26-28 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 31-36 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 453,
"SPECIES_ID": 2795,
"CLO": 2795,
"SPEC_NAME": "Lesser Nighthawk",
"LATINNAME": "Chordeiles acutipennis",
"FAMILY_ID": "CAPR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "4.8 ****",
"SECRETS": "Unlike Common Nighthawk, the Lesser Nighthawk is usually not seen flying high in the sky; it also prefers arid or desert environments, at lower elevations than the Common Nighthawk.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deserts, scrub habitats, savanna or agricultural fields, and other open areas; usually in dry environments (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in the southwestern United States, Baja California, and Mexico; northern part of range is defined by central interior California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, central Arizona, central New Mexico, and south-central Texas. Northern populations are migratory; generally winters from Baja California and central Mexico, southward (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Very similar to Common Nighthawk, however, easily told from that species by its call, an eerie, quavering trill. Note mottled grayish-brown appearance on upperparts, buffy underparts which are lightly barred, throat color (white in males, and buffy in females), and white tail band (in male only). Compare wing shape and white wing bar pattern to Common Nighthawk.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; no scrape is made -- eggs are simply laid on bare ground, usually a sandy or gravelly substrate.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2; 27 mm.; varies from light gray to light cream, or pinkish-white in color, with tan, gray, or lilac markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 18-19 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 454,
"SPECIES_ID": 2796,
"CLO": 2796,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Nighthawk",
"LATINNAME": "Chordeiles minor",
"FAMILY_ID": "CAPR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.2 ****",
"SECRETS": "In late August and throughout September, Common Nighthawks can be found migrating, sometimes in very large flocks of 150 or more birds.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in cities, grasslands and savannas, meadows, and a wide variety of other open or semi-open habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Widespread. Breeding range extends from southern Yukon and southern Mackenzie east across northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, central Quebec, and southern Labrador to Nova Scotia; and south to southern California, southern Arizona, Mexico, Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida; migrates to South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Very falcon-like in its appearance; note long tail and long, pointed wings. White wing bar in each wing is conspicuous in flight; flight style consists of very dynamic, animated, and uneven wing beats. Note barred underparts; white throat in males (buffy in females), and white tail band in male. Call, given more frequently than in American Woodcock, consists of a nasal 'peent'. May be seen or heard during the day or at night.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; no scrape is made -- eggs are simply laid on bare substrate, which may vary from rocks, gravel, recently burned forestland, or even the flat gravel roofs of city buildings.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 30 mm.; varies from cream-white to olive-buff, or greenish in color, with brown or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 19 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 455,
"SPECIES_ID": 2797,
"CLO": 2797,
"SPEC_NAME": "Antillean Nighthawk",
"LATINNAME": "Chordeiles gundlachii",
"FAMILY_ID": "CAPR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Some authorities consider this species and the Common Nighthawk to be representatives of the same species; in fact, the Antillean Nighthawk was once classified as a subspecies of the Common Nighthawk.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in scrubby, second-growth habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes the Florida Keys and southern Florida; migrates (presumably) to South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare to Common Nighthawk; underparts are buffier; also note the call, a 3-part 'pity-pit-pit'.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; no scrape is made -- eggs are simply laid on bare ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-2, usually 1; 29 mm.; whitish-olive in color, with olive markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 456,
"SPECIES_ID": 2800,
"CLO": 2800,
"SPEC_NAME": "Pauraque",
"LATINNAME": "Nyctidromus albicollis",
"FAMILY_ID": "CAPR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "Common Pauraque",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested areas, second-growth habitats, and scrubby areas; also frequents open and semi-open areas.\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from southern Texas south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Tail is comparatively long, rounded at tip; compare with notched tail of nighthawks. Also note white wing patches, somewhat more rounded wings, barred underparts. At close range, light reddish-brown auricular patch may be visible.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; no scrape is made -- eggs are simply laid on bare ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2; 30 mm.; varies from salmon to pinkish-buff in color, with cinnamon-buff markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 457,
"SPECIES_ID": 2801,
"CLO": 2801,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Poorwill",
"LATINNAME": "Phalaenoptilus nuttallii",
"FAMILY_ID": "CAPR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "3.1",
"SECRETS": "The Common Poorwill is often cited as an example of birds (most notably hummingbirds, swifts, or nightjars) which can enter a state of torpor (like hibernation) when food is scarce or temperatures are cold.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open areas, forested openings, and chaparral habitats; usually in rocky or gravelly terrain (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern interior British Columbia, Montana, and extreme southwestern Saskatchewan, to central North Dakota; and south (through eastern Washington and central Oregon) to California, Baja California, Mexico, and central Texas; locally east to eastern Kansas. Northern populations are migratory; generally winters in California and Arizona, south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Small size (in fact, it is the smallest member of the North American nightjars). Note short, rounded wings, and rounded tail, the outer tail feathers of which are tipped with white. Mottled grayish-brown plumage allows it to blend in to surrounding ground vegetation.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; usually eggs are simply laid on bare ground; alternatively, a simple scrape may be made.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2; 26 mm.; varies from pale cream to pink, or white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 458,
"SPECIES_ID": 2808,
"CLO": 2808,
"SPEC_NAME": "Chuck-will's-widow",
"LATINNAME": "Caprimulgus carolinensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "CAPR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.5 ****",
"SECRETS": "Although it is mostly a bird of eastern forests, the Chuck-will's-widow has been documented as far west as California and Nevada (A.O.U. 1998).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous and pine-oak forested habitats; also frequents open woodlands or scrub habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from eastern Kansas, southern Iowa, central Illinois, northwestern Indiana, extreme southern Ontario, and southern Ohio east to southern New York; and south to Texas, the Gulf coast, and Florida. Some birds winter in southern Florida; however, most individuals migrate to Mexico, Central America, or South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Mottled grayish-brown or buffy-brown appearance; larger than other Caprimulgids, the Chuck-will's-widow is characterized by a long tail and rounded wings; note dark breast feathers. Best told by its voice, a rather haunting 'chuck-will's-widow'.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; no scrape is made -- eggs are simply laid on the forest floor, usually amongst leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2; 37 mm.; pinkish-cream or buff in color, with brown, lavender, or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 20 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 17 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 459,
"SPECIES_ID": 2814,
"CLO": 2814,
"SPEC_NAME": "Buff-collared Nightjar",
"LATINNAME": "Caprimulgus ridgwayi",
"FAMILY_ID": "CAPR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in brushy woodlands and scrub habitats, usually in dry or semiarid environments.\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident in southern Arizona and Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Whip-poor-will, but contains tan or buffy neck collar which is most visible at base of nape. Song is notably different from Whip-poor-will.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; no scrape is made -- eggs are simply laid on the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: Little information is known.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 460,
"SPECIES_ID": 2815,
"CLO": 2815,
"SPEC_NAME": "Whip-poor-will",
"LATINNAME": "Caprimulgus vociferus",
"FAMILY_ID": "CAPR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.9",
"SECRETS": "The two disjunct distributional ranges of this species in North America correspond to two different subspecies. As its Latin name implies, this is a very vocal bird, sometimes depriving people of their sleep.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous and pine-oak forested habitats; also frequents open woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: In the east, breeding range extends from south-central Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba east across central Ontario, southern Quebec, and central New Brunswick to Nova Scotia; and south to northeastern Texas, Arkansas, and northern Mississippi east to South Carolina; in the west, breeds locally in southern California, and from southern Nevada, northern Arizona, central New Mexico, and western Texas south into Mexico. Generally winters in Mexico northward to southern Texas, and along the Gulf coast north to east-central South Carolina (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Rounded tail has white corner patches in the male, and limited, buffy tips to outer tail feathers in the female. Note mottled grayish-brown appearance, rounded wings, and dark throat. Song, a loud 'whip-poor-will', is easily learned.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground; no scrape is made -- eggs are simply laid on the forest floor.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2; 30 mm.; white or creamy-white in color, with brown or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 19-20 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 20 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 461,
"SPECIES_ID": 2830,
"CLO": 2830,
"SPEC_NAME": "Jungle Nightjar",
"LATINNAME": "Caprimulgus indicus",
"FAMILY_ID": "CAPR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a variety of woodland and open forest habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia; considered accidental in Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Mottled plumage is predominantly gray in color, unlike other members of the Nightjar family that are native to North America. Note black chin, white throat, and white color pattern in wings and tail of the male; females are similar, but colors are not as bright.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 462,
"SPECIES_ID": 2875,
"CLO": 2875,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black Swift",
"LATINNAME": "Cypseloides niger",
"FAMILY_ID": "APOD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-6.3 *",
"SECRETS": "This is not a common species, and sometimes other swifts are misidentified as this species. When looking at swifts, remember that back-lighting (from the sky), especially on gray or cloudy days, may make other species of swifts appear dark.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forests and open areas, usually in mountainous regions; requires rock crevice or cave for nest site (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Locally distributed throughout its breeding range, which extends from southeastern Alaska, south-central British Columbia, and southwestern Alberta south through the Pacific coast states to southern California; also in the Rocky Mountain states south to southeastern Arizona, north-central New Mexico, and Mexico. Presumably migrates to South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A rather large swift; note completely dark underparts, which lack the grayish-white appearance of Chimney or Vaux's Swifts. Tail is forked.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in small colonies. Typically nests in a cave, or in rock crevice or ledge against a cliff or canyon wall; nest consists of a cup-shaped structure built from mud, mosses, and algae.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1; 29 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 24-27 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 45-49 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 463,
"SPECIES_ID": 2884,
"CLO": 2884,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-collared Swift",
"LATINNAME": "Streptoprocne zonaris",
"FAMILY_ID": "APOD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in foothill, lowland, and montane forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico and South America; considered accidental in Texas and Florida; also recorded from California and Michigan (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Large size, forked tail, dark overall color. Similar in appearance to Black Swift, but note bold white collar on throat.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 464,
"SPECIES_ID": 2931,
"CLO": 2931,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-throated Needletail",
"LATINNAME": "Hirundapus caudacutus",
"FAMILY_ID": "APOD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested habitats; also frequents more open environments in the winter and in migration (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia, India, and Australia; considered to be a casual visitor to the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A noticeably large swift; note white on throat and on forehead. Undertail coverts and tertial feathers are also white. Lower back exhibits a pale white patch.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 465,
"SPECIES_ID": 2939,
"CLO": 2939,
"SPEC_NAME": "Chimney Swift",
"LATINNAME": "Chaetura pelagica",
"FAMILY_ID": "APOD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.0 ****",
"SECRETS": "Swifts, with their stiffly-held wings, appear to flap their wings alternately (rather than in unison) when flying. Although this is just an optical illusion, it is one of the best ways to distinguish swifts from swallows in flight.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested and open areas, but especially in cities and towns where it relies on chimneys to provide nest and roost sites.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Primarily in eastern North America. Breeding range extends from east-central Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba east across central Ontario, southern Quebec, and New Brunswick to Nova Scotia and Newfoundland; and south to Texas, the Gulf coast, and Florida; breeding range extends locally west to southeastern Wyoming and eastern Colorado. It has bred at least once in southern California. Migrates to South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This rather drab-colored swift is characterized by its dark grayish appearance, with a grayish-white breast and short, square-tipped tail. Its twittering calls are frequently heard in spring migration and throughout the breeding season. One of the most anticipated events of the fall migration is the large concentrations of Chimney Swifts which form tornado-like flocks at dusk as they circle into a large chimney; as many as 10,000 birds have been observed at one time performing this behavior.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is usually placed in some form of sheltered area, such as a large tree cavity or chimney. Nest is built from small twigs, which are joined together and applied to wall of nest site with the bird's saliva.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-7, usually 4-5; 20 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 19-21 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 28-30 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 466,
"SPECIES_ID": 2940,
"CLO": 2940,
"SPEC_NAME": "Vaux's Swift",
"LATINNAME": "Chaetura vauxi",
"FAMILY_ID": "APOD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.3",
"SECRETS": "Although concentrations of this species in migration are not as spectacular as in Chimney Swift, it is still fun to see 1 or several Vaux's Swifts migrating low over lakes or hilly ridge-tops during the spring & fall migration periods.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested and open areas, including coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: The western counterpart to the Chimney Swift of eastern North America. Breeding range extends from southeastern Alaska, southern British Columbia, northern Idaho, and western Montana south to central California; also breeds locally in Mexico. Migrates to Mexico, Central America, and South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This rather drab-colored swift is characterized by its dark grayish appearance, with a grayish-white breast and short, square-tipped tail. Breast is usually paler than in Chimney Swift; also note slightly smaller size.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is usually placed in some form of sheltered area, such as a large tree cavity or chimney; unlike the Chimney Swift, however, its preference is for a tree cavity. Nest is built from small twigs and pine needles, which are joined together and applied to wall of nest site with the bird's saliva.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 4-5; 18 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 18-20 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 28 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 467,
"SPECIES_ID": 2944,
"CLO": 2944,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-throated Swift",
"LATINNAME": "Aeronautes saxatalis",
"FAMILY_ID": "APOD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.5 ***",
"SECRETS": "In urban areas, sometimes an easy place to go to look for this species includes major highway or interstate overpasses; these swifts have adapted to nesting on the underside of these structures.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open areas, including mountainous terrain, areas near cliffs or canyons, and in urban or suburban habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from south-central British Columbia, Idaho, Montana, and southwestern South Dakota south to California, Baja California, Mexico, central New Mexico, and western Texas; breeding range extends locally east to western Nebraska. Northern populations are migratory; generally winters from central California, central Arizona, and southern New Mexico southwards throughout its breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Although the upperparts are dark, the underside of this swift exhibits a contrasting black-and-white pattern, including white throat; note also forked tail. Twittering call may sometimes be heard in the middle of the night; once learned, it is easy to use this attribute alone to identify this species.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is usually placed in rock crevice of cliff or canyon wall. Nest is built from feathers and grasses, which are joined together and applied to wall of nest site with the bird's saliva.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 21 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes are thought to care for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 468,
"SPECIES_ID": 2947,
"CLO": 2947,
"SPEC_NAME": "Antillean Palm-Swift",
"LATINNAME": "Tachornis phoenicobia",
"FAMILY_ID": "APOD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in wet grasslands and second-growth habitats, usually near palm trees (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Cuba and Jamaica; considered accidental in the Florida Keys (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note small size, dark upperparts, and white rump. Black band across chest and black on sides of breast contrast with adjacent areas of white. Compare to White-throated Swift.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 469,
"SPECIES_ID": 2957,
"CLO": 2957,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Swift",
"LATINNAME": "Apus apus",
"FAMILY_ID": "APOD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a wide diversity of habitats; uses tree cavities or cliff walls for nest sites.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, and Africa; considered accidental in Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Overall, dark grayish-brown, with forked tail, whitish chin, and (as seen in flight) dark wing linings.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 470,
"SPECIES_ID": 2966,
"CLO": 2966,
"SPEC_NAME": "Fork-tailed Swift",
"LATINNAME": "Apus pacificus",
"FAMILY_ID": "APOD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a wide diversity of habitats; uses tree cavities, caves, or cliff walls for nest sites.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia and Australia; occasionally observed in the Aleutian Islands, usually during the summer and fall seasons (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Grayish in color, with deeply forked tail, whitish chin, throat, and upper breast, and dark belly. In flight, look for the conspicuous white rump.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 471,
"SPECIES_ID": 3023,
"CLO": 3023,
"SPEC_NAME": "Green Violet-ear",
"LATINNAME": "Colibri thalassinus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coniferous, oak, and mixed pine-oak forests; also frequents forest edge habitats.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to central Mexico, south to Central America and South America; occasionally found north to Texas, sometimes to Arkansas; accidental further north (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Overall, a striking dark green color, with violet-colored auricular patch, for which it is named. Male also has violet hue on breast; female is not as bright, and may lack violet coloring on breast. Bill slightly decurved.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 472,
"SPECIES_ID": 3028,
"CLO": 3028,
"SPEC_NAME": "Green-breasted Mango",
"LATINNAME": "Anthracothorax prevostii",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in small openings in the forest, along woodland edge, and among scattered trees in semi-open areas.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to central Mexico, south to Central America and South America; accidental in southern Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Overall, a striking dark green color, with purplish tail and violet hue to throat and breast. Female's breast is dark green with a white border down sides; note dark tail with a white tip.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 473,
"SPECIES_ID": 3074,
"CLO": 3074,
"SPEC_NAME": "Broad-billed Hummingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Cynanthus latirostris",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in scrubby habitats and brushy woodlands or areas with scattered trees, usually in semi-dry to arid environments.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and western Texas south into Mexico. Northern populations are migratory; generally winters from Mexico south throughout its breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark tail with white undertail coverts; note dark green upperparts. Male has violet-blue to green underparts; female is pale white below, with greenish sides. Bill has dark tip, reddish-orange at base.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, usually up to 4-7 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses and lined with leaves, bark, and plant down.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2; 13 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 474,
"SPECIES_ID": 3087,
"CLO": 3087,
"SPEC_NAME": "Xantus' Hummingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Hylocharis xantusii",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in scrubby habitats and brushy woodlands, usually in semi-dry to arid environments.\r\n\r\nDistribution: This hummingbird is resident in southern Baja California; occasionally may range north to California, where it is considered accidental (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Buffy-orange underparts, rufous-green tail, and green upperparts. Note white eyebrow and black eye patch. Reddish-orange bill with dark tip.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, usually up to 4-12 feet above the ground. Nest is built from seeds, plant down, spider's silk, lichens, and other materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2; pale white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 475,
"SPECIES_ID": 3088,
"CLO": 3088,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-eared Hummingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Hylocharis leucotis",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested areas (including pine or pine-oak forests) and in woodland clearings.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Primarily a resident species from southern Arizona south into Mexico and Central America; may also breed in mountains of southwestern New Mexico. Withdraws from northern portion of range in winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark tail with green central tail feathers; note broad white eye stripe and black ear patch. Upperparts are green. Both male and female have varying amounts of green on underparts; crown and chin of male are darker than rest of body feathers. Bill is short and orange at base; dark at tip.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, usually up to 5-20 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from moss, plant down, pine needles, and lichens; also includes spider's silk.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2; 12 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14-16 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 23-26 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 476,
"SPECIES_ID": 3126,
"CLO": 3126,
"SPEC_NAME": "Berylline Hummingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Amazilia beryllina",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in woodlands, woodland edge, woodland clearings, and in scrubby habitats.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Primarily a resident species from southeastern Arizona south into Mexico and Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark, rufous-brown wings and tail. Underside of wings are lined with rufous coloration. Rest of plumage is predominantly green; bill is light reddish in color with dark tip.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, usually up to 17-25 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from plant down, lichens, grass, and spider's silk.\r\n\r\nEggs: probably 2; 14 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and cares for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 477,
"SPECIES_ID": 3132,
"CLO": 3132,
"SPEC_NAME": "Cinnamon Hummingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Amazilia rutila",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in woodlands and along woodland edge.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico and Central America; considered accidental in Arizona and New Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Forehead, crown, and upperparts are bright green in color; tail is rufous-green (more rufous than green), and underparts are cinnamon in color. Note reddish-orange bill with dark tip.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 478,
"SPECIES_ID": 3133,
"CLO": 3133,
"SPEC_NAME": "Buff-bellied Hummingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Amazilia yucatanensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in wooded areas, along woodland edge, and in brushy scrub habitat.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Although this species is resident in southern Texas, Mexico, and Central America, it is regularly found in the winter in southern Louisiana, southern Mississippi, and northwestern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark wings and reddish-brown tail, greenish head and chest, reddish-orange bill with dark tip. Note buff-colored belly; back is greenish with a buffy wash.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, usually up to 3-8 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from plant fibers, cattle hair, lichens, and spider's silk.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2; 13 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that the female incubates the eggs and care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 479,
"SPECIES_ID": 3138,
"CLO": 3138,
"SPEC_NAME": "Violet-crowned Hummingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Amazilia violiceps",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in relatively open areas with scattered trees and shrubs, riparian woodlands, or in more scrubby habitats; usually in semi-dry or arid environments.\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident in southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico, southward into Mexico; withdraws from northern part of range in winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Mostly white below, reddish-orange bill with dark tip, greenish wings, back, and tail. Note the violet-colored crown, for which this bird is named.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, usually up to 6-40 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from plant down, spider's silk, and lichens.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2; 14 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and cares for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 480,
"SPECIES_ID": 3149,
"CLO": 3149,
"SPEC_NAME": "Blue-throated Hummingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Lampornis clemenciae",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in woodlands (usually oak and pine-oak forests) and along woodland edge or in clearings.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern Arizona and western Texas south into Mexico; withdraws from northern part of range in winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Bluish tail, outermost tail feathers tipped with white. Note also the gray underparts, greenish crown and back, and (in male) the blue throat. White eye stripe is accompanied by white whisker streak below the eye.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on small plants or ferns, or on the sides of man-made structures such as houses, bridges, or towers; usually up to 1-30 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from plant down, mosses, and spider's silk.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-2, usually 2; 15 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 17-18 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 24-29 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 481,
"SPECIES_ID": 3171,
"CLO": 3171,
"SPEC_NAME": "Magnificent Hummingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Eugenes fulgens",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in woodlands (usually pine-evergreen and pine-oak forests) and along woodland edge or in clearings; also frequents open farmlands and grasslands in the desert during migration (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and western Texas south into Mexico and Central America; withdraws from northern part of range in winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Brilliant green throat, blackish eye patch with small white dot above eye, greenish-black chest, dark greenish head with violet crown. Female's colors are duller; also does not have violet-colored crown.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, usually up to 10-55 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from plant down, plant fibers, lichens, and spider's silk.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2; 15 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 16 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 482,
"SPECIES_ID": 3262,
"CLO": 3262,
"SPEC_NAME": "Plain-capped Starthroat",
"LATINNAME": "Heliomaster constantii",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along forest edge or in more open areas with scattered trees and shrubs, usually in semi-dry or arid environments (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico and Central America; considered a casual visitor to southeastern Arizona; there is at least one report from New Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Long bill. Throat is green, with metallic pinkish-red colors on side of throat; underparts white; narrow blackish eye patch, with white dot behind the eye and white line separating auricular area from throat. Greenish-bronze back and tail. On perched bird, look for white tufts of feathers on flanks.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 483,
"SPECIES_ID": 3274,
"CLO": 3274,
"SPEC_NAME": "Lucifer Hummingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Calothorax lucifer",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in arid or semiarid scrubby habitats, brushy woodlands, or in relatively open areas with scattered trees and shrubs (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and western Texas south into Mexico; withdraws from northern part of range in winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note rather long, decurved bill. In male, tail is dark and noticeably forked, with pointed tips to the feathers; also note greenish upperparts and purplish throat. Females and immatures have rounded tail; tail is mostly green, with some rufous at base and outermost tail feathers tipped with white; note buffy underparts and buffy eye stripe above greenish eye line.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs, usually up to 4-6 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from plant fibers, blossoms, lichens, seeds, and spider's silk.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2; 13 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 15-16 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 21-24 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 484,
"SPECIES_ID": 3276,
"CLO": 3276,
"SPEC_NAME": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Archilochus colubris",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.5 ****",
"SECRETS": "This is our only common & widespread hummingbird of eastern N. America; however, the careful observer will always be on the lookout during the fall & winter, for it's at that time that vagrant hummers from the west may appear in the east.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in wooded areas, second-growth habitats, or in more open areas with scattered trees, such as parks.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends east of the Rocky Mountains, from central Alberta and central Saskatchewan; and from southern Manitoba south to Texas and the Gulf coast, and east to Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and Florida. Migrates to Mexico and Central America for the winter; some birds overwinter in the southeastern United States (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Greenish crown, back, and wings; in male, note ruby-red throat. Compare with Black-chinned Hummingbird.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, usually up to 5-20 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from plant down, leaves, lichens, and spider's silk.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2; 13 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14-28 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 485,
"SPECIES_ID": 3277,
"CLO": 3277,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-chinned Hummingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Archilochus alexandri",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.3",
"SECRETS": "Although most birds migrate to Mexico for the winter, this close relative of the Ruby-throated Hummingbird may also winter in southern Texas and along the Gulf coast to Florida; study all wintering hummers in the southeast U.S. closely!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Usually found in arid environments, including desert washes, scrub, or chaparral habitats; also frequents open woodlands, riparian woodlands, and parks or gardens (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from south-central British Columbia, Washington, Idaho, and northwestern Montana south (and east) to northern Baja California, northern Mexico, and southern Texas. Migrates to Mexico for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Ruby-throated Hummingbird. Note black throat; in good viewing conditions, violet or purplish strip of feathers appears below black throat.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, usually up to 4-8 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from plant down, leaves, and spider's silk.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 13 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-16 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 486,
"SPECIES_ID": 3278,
"CLO": 3278,
"SPEC_NAME": "Anna's Hummingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Calypte anna",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.9",
"SECRETS": "Unlike most hummingbirds, this species overwinters in the United States throughout most of its breeding range; it takes advantage of the mild weather of the Pacific coastal states.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a wide diversity of habitats, ranging from open woodlands to brushy or chaparral habitats; common in city parks and gardens, and also found in woodlands at higher elevations.\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is predominantly resident along the Pacific slope of North America, from southwestern British Columbia south to northern Baja California and southwestern Arizona. Winter range expands slightly northward to central British Columbia and southward to central Baja California and Mexico; also eastward into southern Arizona and New Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Upperparts greenish in color, dusky white below with greenish wash. Note red throat and crown in male. Compare females with females of Costa's and Black-chinned Hummingbirds. Learn the squeaky, insect-like song; at first, it is easily overlooked, but once learned it becomes a valuable aid in identification of these birds, even at great distances.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, usually up to 2-30 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from plant down and spider's silk.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 13 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14-19 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 18-23 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 487,
"SPECIES_ID": 3279,
"CLO": 3279,
"SPEC_NAME": "Costa's Hummingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Calypte costae",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "4.1",
"SECRETS": "Call notes are a series of 'tinks'; when heard, they are suggestive of the calls of the Bushtit.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in habitats typical of arid or desert environments, including brushy foothills and chaparral; also frequents mountain slopes, meadows, and gardens (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central California, southern Nevada, and southwestern Utah south to southern Baja California, Mexico, southern Arizona, and southwestern New Mexico. Winter range encompasses southern California and southern Arizona south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Purple-violet head and throat of male includes two elongated extensions running down the sides of the neck; also note greenish back and dull white underparts. Female is told by small size, generally white throat, greenish upperparts, and white belly and breast.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, usually up to 1-9 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from lichens, leaves, plant down, bark, and spider's silk.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2; 12 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 15-18 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 20-23 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 488,
"SPECIES_ID": 3280,
"CLO": 3280,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bahama Woodstar",
"LATINNAME": "Calliphlox evelynae",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in scrubby second-growth and secondary forest habitats, and in lowland evergreen forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to the Bahama Islands; considered a casual visitor to southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Combination of cinnamon wash on underparts, white breast band, and greenish upperparts are found on both male and female. Male has purplish-red throat. Although there is some cinnamon coloration in the tail, this species is easily separated from Allen's Hummingbird.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 489,
"SPECIES_ID": 3284,
"CLO": 3284,
"SPEC_NAME": "Calliope Hummingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Stellula calliope",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.3",
"SECRETS": "The small size of hummingbirds is often talked about, but that is especially true for this species, which is the smallest North American nesting bird north of Mexico.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in meadows, and in shrubby forests and thickets, usually in montane environments; also frequents chaparral and lowland brushy areas during migration and in the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central interior British Columbia and west-central Alberta south through the Pacific coast states and Nevada to northern Baja California; also east to western Montana, western Wyoming, and into Utah. Migrates to Mexico for the winter, but may also be found at this time in small numbers along the Gulf coast (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Streaked appearance to the purplish throat of the male is diagnostic of this species. Note light cinnamon wash on sides and flanks of female. Small size is also useful in identifying this species. Compare female with Allen's and Rufous Hummingbirds.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, usually up to 2-70 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from lichens, mosses, plant fibers, bark, and spider's silk.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2; 12 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 15-16 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 18-23 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 490,
"SPECIES_ID": 3285,
"CLO": 3285,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bumblebee Hummingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Atthis heloisa",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in evergreen and pine-oak forested habitats; also frequents adjacent clearings and more shrubby environments (A.O.U. 1998; Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico; considered accidental in Arizona (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare elongated pattern of rosy-pink throat to Costa's Hummingbird; note also the cinnamon coloration in the tail. Female has buffy sides.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 491,
"SPECIES_ID": 3296,
"CLO": 3296,
"SPEC_NAME": "Broad-tailed Hummingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Selasphorus platycercus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.0",
"SECRETS": "Like the Allen's and Rufous Hummingbirds, this species is often heard before it is seen: in flight, wing beats of male produce a high-pitched trill and a noisy humming sound.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open pine, pine-oak, and pinyon-juniper woodlands; also frequents thickets and more brushy habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends through montane regions of north-central Idaho, southwestern Montana, and northern Wyoming south to southeastern California, Mexico, and western Texas; migrates to Mexico for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Bright green upperparts. Male has dark red throat; underparts are white, and sides of chest are green. Note light cinnamon wash on sides and flanks of female.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, usually up to 4-15 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from lichens, leaves, bark, plant down, and spider's silk.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2; 13 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14-17 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 21-26 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 492,
"SPECIES_ID": 3297,
"CLO": 3297,
"SPEC_NAME": "Rufous Hummingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Selasphorus rufus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.7 ****",
"SECRETS": "The presence of this species is revealed by the loud hum of its wings as it flies nearby. Sightings of some Selasphorus hummers must remained unidentified, however, because of the close similarity between Rufous & Allen's Hummingbirds.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along the edge of coniferous forests and in second-growth habitats, including thickets and brushy areas; also frequents meadows and pine-oak woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern Alaska and southern Yukon south through British Columbia, west-central Alberta, and western Montana to northwestern California, Oregon, central Idaho, and western Wyoming. Migrates to Mexico for the winter, but also found regularly in winter along the Gulf coast (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Male is told by predominantly rufous color over most of body, including head and back; however, some males may have a variable amount of green speckling on the back -- compare with Allen's Hummingbird. Females of this species are not separable in the field from female Allen's Hummingbird, except perhaps in mid-summer in areas where breeding range does not overlap.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: May breed in loose colonies. Nests in trees, usually up to 5-50 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from lichens, plant down, mosses, bark, and spider's silk.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 2; 13 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 20 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 493,
"SPECIES_ID": 3298,
"CLO": 3298,
"SPEC_NAME": "Allen's Hummingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Selasphorus sasin",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.1",
"SECRETS": "The presence of this species is revealed by the loud hum of its wings as it flies nearby. Sightings of some Selasphorus hummers must remained unidentified, however, because of the close similarity between Rufous & Allen's Hummingbirds.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a variety of habitats ranging from residential areas and riparian woodlands, to chaparral and open oak woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southwestern Oregon south along the Pacific coast to southern California. Migrates to Mexico for the winter; however, some birds are resident on the Channel Islands and along the coast in southern California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Male is told by combination of rufous sides and tail, and green back and crown; also note white breast. Compare with Rufous Hummingbird, as some males of that species have a variable amount of green speckling on the back and may resemble Allen's. Females of this species are not separable in the field from female Rufous Hummingbird, except perhaps in mid-summer in areas where breeding range does not overlap.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, shrubs, or in vines, usually up to 1-90 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from lichens, leaves, plant down, seeds, and spider's silk.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2; 13 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 17-22 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 22-25 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 494,
"SPECIES_ID": 3310,
"CLO": 3310,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eared Trogon",
"LATINNAME": "Euptilotis neoxenus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROG",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Usually found in canyons, where it frequents pine, pine-oak, and pine-evergreen forests (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico; considered to be rare at Ramsey Canyon in southern Arizona and a casual visitor to other parts of southern Arizona (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Larger size, dark gray bill, and predominantly greenish color on back and wings separate this species from the Elegant Trogon.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Little information is available.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 495,
"SPECIES_ID": 3322,
"CLO": 3322,
"SPEC_NAME": "Elegant Trogon",
"LATINNAME": "Trogon elegans",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROG",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested areas, including riparian woodlands and pine-oak forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident in southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico south through Mexico to Central America; some withdrawal from extreme northerly populations occurs in the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note red belly and undertail coverts. Green on upper breast, head, and back of male is replaced by brownish-gray in the female. Compare with Eared Trogon; told from that species by smaller size and yellowish bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in cavities, usually up to 12-40 feet above the ground. Nest is lined with straw, mosses, wool, and other materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3-4; 29 mm.; white to bluish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 496,
"SPECIES_ID": 3427,
"CLO": 3427,
"SPEC_NAME": "Belted Kingfisher",
"LATINNAME": "Ceryle alcyon",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.2 ****",
"SECRETS": "The flight of the kingfisher is easy to recognize, even from a considerable distance; as Roger Tory Peterson once said, its erratic wing beats make it appear it is changing gear in mid-flight.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in wooded riparian areas along rivers, streams, and lakes; sometimes in more open situations bordering water.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and central Yukon east across western and south-central Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, northern Ontario, and central Quebec to Newfoundland; and south to southern California, southern Arizona, southern New Mexico, the Gulf coast (including southern Texas), and Florida. Northern populations are migratory; generally winters from southeastern Alaska, southern British Columbia, and the northern United States south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Massive bill and big-headed appearance make the Belted Kingfisher easy to identify. Note mostly white underparts, and reddish-orange belly band (female only). Like a tern, it dives headfirst into water to catch fish. Loud, rattling call is sometimes imitated by mockingbirds.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in horizontal burrows, which it digs in dirt bank, usually along water course. Burrow may be up to 15 feet deep; nest may be lined with fish scales and bones.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-8, usually 6-7; 34 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 17-22 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 23 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 497,
"SPECIES_ID": 3428,
"CLO": 3428,
"SPEC_NAME": "Ringed Kingfisher",
"LATINNAME": "Ceryle torquata",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along aquatic habitats such as rivers, lakes, and marshes.\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident in southern Texas southward into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Belted Kingfisher, but note larger size and the reddish-orange underparts; female has blue breast band above narrower white breast band.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in horizontal burrows, which it digs in dirt bank, usually along water course. Burrow may be up to 8 feet deep.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 44 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs. Young are capable of flight when they are about 34-35 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 498,
"SPECIES_ID": 3431,
"CLO": 3431,
"SPEC_NAME": "Green Kingfisher",
"LATINNAME": "Chloroceryle americana",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "This species & the Ringed Kingfisher are 2 species which are often sought by birders who make the eventual pilgrimage that most birders take to southern Texas or SE Arizona; in some places, all 3 kingfisher species may be found.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along shaded aquatic habitats such as rivers, lakes, and marshes.\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident in southern Arizona and central Texas south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This small kingfisher is easily recognized by its contrasting green and white colors; male has reddish-orange breast. Like other kingfishers, it has a large bill relative to its body size.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in horizontal burrows, which it digs in dirt bank, usually along water course. Burrow may be up to 3 feet deep; nest may sometimes be lined with fish scales and bones.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 5; 25 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 19-21 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 22-26 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 499,
"SPECIES_ID": 3492,
"CLO": 3492,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eurasian Hoopoe",
"LATINNAME": "Upupa epops",
"FAMILY_ID": "UPUP",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in various open and partly open habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and India; considered accidental in western Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Brilliantly colored with tan, black, and white; note large crest and long, slightly decurved bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 500,
"SPECIES_ID": 3747,
"CLO": 3747,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eurasian Wryneck",
"LATINNAME": "Jynx torquilla",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open woodland and second growth habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and India; considered accidental in Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Medium-sized woodpecker, which looks more like a large creeper. Note mottled, gray-brown plumage, and banded tail. A dark stripe runs the length of the back, from the crown to the rump.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 501,
"SPECIES_ID": 3780,
"CLO": 3780,
"SPEC_NAME": "Lewis' Woodpecker",
"LATINNAME": "Melanerpes lewis",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.9",
"SECRETS": "Combination of large size, habit of 'hawking' for insects (i.e., flying into the air to catch food), & dark body plumage suggest a fly-catching crow; this, of course, is so unusual, that it actually makes it easy to identify this species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open forests and woodlands, in riparian woodlands, and in oak-savanna habitats.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from the Pacific coast (southern British Columbia south to south-central California) east to south-central Alberta, Montana, southwestern South Dakota, northwestern Nebraska, southern Colorado, and southern New Mexico. Northern populations are migratory; generally winters from southern British Columbia, southern Idaho, and western Montana south through its breeding range to northern Baja California, Mexico, and western Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A large, dark woodpecker; under good viewing conditions, pinkish belly feathers are visible. Also note dirty white upper breast and nape collar; and dark reddish feathers on face, which contrast with dark greenish head.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in cavity of snag or live tree, usually up to 4-150 or more feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-9, usually 6-7; 26 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 28-34 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 502,
"SPECIES_ID": 3783,
"CLO": 3783,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-headed Woodpecker",
"LATINNAME": "Melanerpes erythrocephalus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.2 ****",
"SECRETS": "One of the preferred habitats of the Red-headed Woodpecker in the Mississippi River Valley consists of flooded lowland forests; these habitats often result from the activity of beavers who build dams on nearby streams or rivers.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested areas, open woodlands, and flooded lowland forests; also frequents parks and semi-urban environments with scattered trees.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from the Atlantic coast (New England states south to Florida) west to southern Saskatchewan, central Montana, eastern Wyoming, eastern Colorado, and central New Mexico; withdraws from the northern portion of its breeding range in the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark wings and tail, red head, white underparts, and white wing patches make this bird extremely beautiful, as well as easy to identify.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Usually nests in cavity of snag or live tree, usually up to 5-80 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 4-5; 25 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 27-30 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 503,
"SPECIES_ID": 3784,
"CLO": 3784,
"SPEC_NAME": "Acorn Woodpecker",
"LATINNAME": "Melanerpes formicivorus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.5",
"SECRETS": "The presence of this species is revealed to the observant eye by the numerous holes it drills into trees; into these holes it places acorns that it will feed on in the winter. Over the years, many thousands of holes will appear in 1 tree.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in oak woodlands.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the west coast, this species is resident from central southern Washington and northwestern Oregon south through California to southern Baja California; further inland, the species is found from southern Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Bright eyes, white face, dark head, reddish crown, and black-and-white pattern in wings and tail give the Acorn Woodpecker a comical, if not distinctly pied appearance.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: May form communal or social groups, in which immatures (from previous nestings) and other adults help out in nest building and brood rearing. Usually nests in cavity of snag or live tree, usually up to 12-60 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: May exceed 7, usually 3-7; 25 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 30-32 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 504,
"SPECIES_ID": 3796,
"CLO": 3796,
"SPEC_NAME": "Gila Woodpecker",
"LATINNAME": "Melanerpes uropygialis",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.6",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in desert, scrub, and second-growth habitats, usually with scattered trees (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This woodpecker is resident from southeastern California, extreme southern Nevada, central Arizona, and southwestern New Mexico south into Baja California and Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Ladder-backed, black-and-white barring on wings and back, grayish-white underparts and head. Male has red crown patch.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Usually nests in cavity of cactus or tree, usually up to 15-25 or more feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 3-4; 25 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 505,
"SPECIES_ID": 3797,
"CLO": 3797,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-bellied Woodpecker",
"LATINNAME": "Melanerpes carolinus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.6 ****",
"SECRETS": "The Red-bellied Woodpecker actually does have a red belly; however, it is often difficult to see in the field. Reddish coloration of belly is sometimes revealed when underparts of bird are exposed while it is feeding on suet feeder.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in wooded areas; also frequents parks, residential areas, and suburban habitats.\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from the east coast (central New York and Massachusetts south to Florida) west to southeastern North Dakota, eastern South Dakota, central Nebraska, northeastern Colorado, western Oklahoma, and north-central Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black-and-white barring on back and wings; grayish-white underparts. Crown, forehead, and nape of neck are red in male; rear of crown and nape of neck are red in female. Compare call to call of Red-headed Woodpecker.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Usually nests in cavity of snag, generally up to 5-40 or more feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-8, usually 4-5; 25 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 24-27 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 506,
"SPECIES_ID": 3799,
"CLO": 3799,
"SPEC_NAME": "Golden-fronted Woodpecker",
"LATINNAME": "Melanerpes aurifrons",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.8 ***",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in scrubby woodlands and in other open or semi-open forested habitats with scattered trees (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from southwestern Oklahoma and north-central Texas south into Mexico and Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black-and-white barring on back and wings; grayish-white underparts. In male, reddish crown contrasts with golden nape patch; female is similar, but lacks reddish crown feathers. Note yellow at base of upper mandible.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Usually nests in cavity of snag or live tree, generally up to 3-25 or more feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-7, usually 4-5; 26 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 30 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 507,
"SPECIES_ID": 3801,
"CLO": 3801,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow-bellied Sapsucker",
"LATINNAME": "Sphyrapicus varius",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.6",
"SECRETS": "The erratic, uneven tapping and the plaintive, cat-like call note are diagnostic of this species; formerly classified with Red-naped and Red-breasted Sapsuckers as one species. Sapsuckers drill rows of evenly spaced holes in trees.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous and mixed deciduous-coniferous forests; and in more open situations such as parks and suburbs with scattered trees (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from extreme east-central Alaska and southwestern Yukon east across southwestern Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, and central Manitoba east to southern Labrador and central Newfoundland; and south to northeastern British Columbia, south-central Alberta, southeastern Saskatchewan, eastern South Dakota, and northern Iowa east to western Massachusetts and New Hampshire, and locally south to eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina in the Appalachian Mountains. Generally winters from Mexico, Texas, the Gulf coast, and Florida north to Missouri and Illinois, and east to southern New England (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note yellowish underparts, with black streaking along sides; white vertical bar on wing, and the black and white pattern to head, wings, and back. Chin and forehead are red in male, forehead only in female.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Usually nests in cavity of snag or live tree, generally up to 10-45 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 5-6; 24 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 25-29 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 508,
"SPECIES_ID": 3802,
"CLO": 3802,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-naped Sapsucker",
"LATINNAME": "Sphyrapicus nuchalis",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.3",
"SECRETS": "The erratic, uneven tapping and the plaintive, cat-like call note are diagnostic of this species; formerly classified with Yellow-bellied and Red-breasted Sapsuckers as one species. Sapsuckers drill rows of evenly spaced holes in trees.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coniferous and coniferous-aspen forests, also in montane riparian woodlands; during migration and winter, frequents a wide diversity of wooded and semi-wooded environments, including parks, suburban areas, tree orchards, etc. (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range is closely associated with the Rocky Mountain region, and extends from central and southeastern British Columbia, west-central and southeastern Alberta, southwestern Saskatchewan, western and central Montana, and southwestern South Dakota southward (east of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada ranges) to southern Nevada, central Arizona, southern New Mexico, and extreme western Texas. Generally winters in the southwestern United States southward into Baja California and Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, but female has white chin combined with red throat, and both sexes also have small red nape patch.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Usually nests in cavity of live tree or snag, generally up to 10-20 or more feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 4-5; 24 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 25-29 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 509,
"SPECIES_ID": 3803,
"CLO": 3803,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-breasted Sapsucker",
"LATINNAME": "Sphyrapicus ruber",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.3",
"SECRETS": "The erratic, uneven tapping and the plaintive, cat-like call note are diagnostic of this species; formerly classified with Red-naped and Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers as one species. Sapsuckers drill rows of evenly spaced holes in trees.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coniferous and coniferous-aspen forests, as well as in lowlands along the coast; during migration and winter, frequents a variety of wooded and semi-wooded environments, including parks, residential areas, tree orchards, etc.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range is limited to extreme western North America, and extends from southeastern Alaska and coastal and central interior British Columbia south (primarily near the coast) to central California; also in the Sierra Nevada and mountains further east to south-central California, extreme western Nevada, and southern Nevada; generally winters throughout its breeding range south into northern Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: As in other sapsuckers, note white vertical bar on side of wing. Entire head and upper breast are bright red. Lower chest and belly yellowish-white. Wings and back have variable amount of black and white in them.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Usually nests in cavity of live tree or snag, generally up to 15-60 or more feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-7, usually 4-5; 24 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 25-29 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 510,
"SPECIES_ID": 3804,
"CLO": 3804,
"SPEC_NAME": "Williamson's Sapsucker",
"LATINNAME": "Sphyrapicus thyroideus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.9",
"SECRETS": "Unlike other woodpecker species, the male and female of this species are so different in appearance from one another that they were originally each described as separate species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in montane coniferous forests; also utilizes stands of aspen. During migration and winter, also frequents pine and pine-oak woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range in the mountains of the west extends from south-central British Columbia, Idaho, western Montana, and Wyoming south to east-central California, central Arizona, and southern New Mexico; also locally in southern California and to northern Baja California. Northern populations are migratory; generally winters from California, Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas south to northern Baja California and into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Differences in plumage between the sexes is more pronounced in this species than in other sapsuckers. Male is mostly black, except for white lines in back of eye and extending from base of bill, red chin, yellowish belly, and white vertical wing patch. Female has light brown head, brown-and-white barred back, dark breast patch and yellowish belly.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavity, generally up to 3-60 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 5-6; 24 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 21-28 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 511,
"SPECIES_ID": 3848,
"CLO": 3848,
"SPEC_NAME": "Great Spotted Woodpecker",
"LATINNAME": "Dendrocopos major",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forests and woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, and Africa; considered accidental in the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black and white plumage features white underparts, and dark upperparts with two white spots (one on each side) on nape and two larger white spots (again, one on each side) on back.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 512,
"SPECIES_ID": 3855,
"CLO": 3855,
"SPEC_NAME": "Nuttall's Woodpecker",
"LATINNAME": "Picoides nuttallii",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.8",
"SECRETS": "When you can only get a brief glimpse at a woodpecker, remember that within the range of the Nuttall's Woodpecker, the dark spotting on the sides of the breast and flanks separates this species from Downy or Hairy Woodpecker.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested or open woodland habitats, usually consisting of oak or pine-oak associations; also frequents riparian woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range is limited to California and northwestern Baja California, west of the deserts and the Sierra Nevada (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note dark spotting on sides and flanks; white underparts. Wings and back are black, with white spotting on wings and white barring on back. Compare black-and-white facial pattern with Ladder-backed Woodpecker.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavity, generally up to 3-60 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 22 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 29 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 513,
"SPECIES_ID": 3856,
"CLO": 3856,
"SPEC_NAME": "Ladder-backed Woodpecker",
"LATINNAME": "Picoides scalaris",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.0 ****",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous forests, pine-oak woodlands, or in somewhat more open habitats with scattered trees, including pine savanna; usually in arid environments (A.O.U. 1998; Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species resides in an area extending from southeastern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, north-central New Mexico, southeastern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, and the western two-thirds of Texas south into Mexico and Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Creamy white underparts with extensive spotting on sides and flanks, extending onto breast. Black-and-white barring on back gives this bird its name. Note increased amount of white on face compared to Nuttall's Woodpecker.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in cavity of tree or cactus, generally up to 2-30 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 4-5; 21 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 514,
"SPECIES_ID": 3857,
"CLO": 3857,
"SPEC_NAME": "Downy Woodpecker",
"LATINNAME": "Picoides pubescens",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.2",
"SECRETS": "Call, 'pik' is milder than call of Hairy Woodpecker; note that in Downy Woodpecker, the bill length is about half the length of the head.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a variety of deciduous and mixed deciduous-coniferous woodlands; also in parks, riparian areas, second-growth habitats, residential areas, tree orchards, and other open or semi-open habitats with scattered trees (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Widespread. Resident from western Alaska, southern Yukon, southwestern Mackenzie, northern Alberta, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario east to Newfoundland; and south through the majority of the United States, except southern Arizona, southern Texas, and the Florida Keys (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: White vertical stripe down middle of back, white underparts; when present, black spots on white outer tail feathers are diagnostic. Compare with larger Hairy Woodpecker; descending whinny call easily identifies this species.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavity, generally up to 3-50 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 4-5; 19 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 20-25 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 515,
"SPECIES_ID": 3858,
"CLO": 3858,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-cockaded Woodpecker",
"LATINNAME": "Picoides borealis",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "Endangered",
"BBS": "-1.8",
"SECRETS": "Nests of this Endangered bird are not hard to find, due to the extensive amounts of resin that flow from the trees around the nest cavity; use proper birding etiquette when observing this species & try not to unduly disturb nesting birds.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in relatively open pine woodlands, usually with grassy or sparse understory (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident locally in the southeastern United States, from southeastern Oklahoma, southern Arkansas, and northern Mississippi, east to northern Georgia, southeastern Virginia, and southern Maryland; and south to eastern Texas, the Gulf coast, and Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note black streaks/spots on sides and flanks, black back with white barring, large white patch on side of face, and small (hard to see) red spot behind eye on male.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavity of living pines, where it digs small holes in bark of tree above and below the nest cavity; from these holes resin flows down the trunk. The resin tends to repel would-be predators, including snakes. Trees selected for nesting are usually infected with a fungal disease called red heart. May nest in loose colonies or family groups. Cavity is generally placed up to 10-40 or more feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 3-4; 24 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 10-15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 22-29 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 516,
"SPECIES_ID": 3859,
"CLO": 3859,
"SPEC_NAME": "Strickland's Woodpecker",
"LATINNAME": "Picoides stricklandi",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Two subspecies occur within our area, one of which is restricted to central Mexico. Some authorities consider these two forms to be separate species: the Arizona Woodpecker and Strickland's Woodpecker.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in oak and pine-oak forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident from southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark brownish back, red nape patch (male only), and numerous black spots on creamy-white breast.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavity, generally up to 8-50 or more feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4; 25 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 517,
"SPECIES_ID": 3860,
"CLO": 3860,
"SPEC_NAME": "Hairy Woodpecker",
"LATINNAME": "Picoides villosus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.5 ****",
"SECRETS": "Call, 'peek!' is more emphatic than call of Downy Woodpecker; note that in Hairy Woodpecker, the bill length is about equal to the length of the head.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous and coniferous forests, parks, and even in more open habitats with scattered trees; compared to Downy Woodpecker, often frequents habitats with larger trees.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Widespread. Breeding range extends from western Alaska, central Yukon, southwestern and south-central Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario east to central western Labrador and Newfoundland; and south through the majority of the United States to northern Baja California and parts of Mexico. Some withdrawal occurs from northern part of range in winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: White vertical stripe down middle of back, white underparts. Outer tail feathers are completely white. Compare with smaller Downy Woodpecker; loud, rattling call does not descend as in Downy Woodpecker.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavity, generally up to 5-30 or more feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4; 25 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 28-30 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 518,
"SPECIES_ID": 3861,
"CLO": 3861,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-headed Woodpecker",
"LATINNAME": "Picoides albolarvatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "3.2 **",
"SECRETS": "Despite having only three colors (black, white, and a limited amount of red), this brilliantly-plumaged woodpecker can arguably be considered near the top of the list of the most beautiful birds in North America!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in montane coniferous forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from southern interior British Columbia, north-central Washington, and northern Idaho south through mountain habitats to northern California, and further south in California, through the Sierra Nevada, to south-central California; also in west-central Nevada (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Mostly black, except for stunningly white head and white wing patches; male has red nape spot.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavity, generally up to 2-25 or more feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 4-5; 24 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 26 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 519,
"SPECIES_ID": 3862,
"CLO": 3862,
"SPEC_NAME": "Three-toed Woodpecker",
"LATINNAME": "Picoides tridactylus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "5.3",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coniferous forests, where its preference is for spruce trees, especially in areas with many dead trees (e.g., resulting from fire or insect outbreak); also frequents mixed coniferous-deciduous forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from Alaska and northern Yukon east across northwestern and central Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, and north-central Quebec east to Labrador and Newfoundland; and south to southern Oregon, eastern Nevada, central Arizona, southern New Mexico, and southwestern South Dakota; further east, range extends southward to southern Canada, the Great Lakes region, northern New York, and the New England states; occasionally occurs further south (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note black-and-white barring on back, black barring on sides of breast, and yellowish crown (male only); compare with Black-backed Woodpecker.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavity, generally up to 3-15 or more feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 4; 23 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 22-26 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 520,
"SPECIES_ID": 3863,
"CLO": 3863,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-backed Woodpecker",
"LATINNAME": "Picoides arcticus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.2",
"SECRETS": "In eastern North America, this species is prone to irruptive movements in the winter, when it may occur further south of normal resident breeding range; rather tame, often allows observers to approach closely.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coniferous forests, where its preference is for spruce and fir trees, especially in areas with many dead trees (e.g., resulting from fire or insect outbreak); less commonly in deciduous or mixed deciduous-coniferous woodlands and forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from Alaska and southern Yukon east across west-central and southern Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario east to central Labrador and Newfoundland; and south to British Columbia and the mountains of the Pacific coast states and west-central Nevada; also south to Idaho, Montana, northern Wyoming, and southwestern South Dakota; further east, range extends southward to central and southern Canada, the Great Lakes region, northern New York, and the New England states; occasionally occurs further south (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note black back (compare with Three-toed Woodpecker). Also, note black barring on sides of breast, and yellowish crown (male only).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavity, generally up to 2-15 or more feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 4; 22 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 25 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 521,
"SPECIES_ID": 3891,
"CLO": 3891,
"SPEC_NAME": "Northern Flicker",
"LATINNAME": "Colaptes auratus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The taxonomy of the Northern Flicker is complex; at one time, 3 species were recognized: Red-shafted, Yellow-shafted, and Gilded Flickers; these were all then lumped into Northern Flicker; and now Gilded Flicker is a separate species again.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in woodlands, parks, and similar habitats; also frequents more open habitats with scattered trees (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Widespread. Breeding range encompasses most of North America from northern Canada (excluding northernmost portions of Canada) south to Baja California, the Gulf coast, and Mexico. Northern populations are migratory; generally winters from southern Canada (further north along the west coast) south through breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Brown back with black barring, white rump (easily visible in flight), spotted underparts, and yellow- or red-colored underwings identify this species. Moustache on side of male's face is black in Yellow-shafted Flickers, red in Red-shafted Flickers. Unlike other woodpeckers, often seen feeding on the ground.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavity, but may also use wooden posts or utility poles. Nest is generally placed up to 2-90 or more feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-12, usually 5-8; 28 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 25-28 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 522,
"SPECIES_ID": 3892,
"CLO": 3892,
"SPEC_NAME": "Gilded Flicker",
"LATINNAME": "Colaptes chrysoides",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "8.5 *",
"SECRETS": "Formerly classified as a subspecies under the Northern Flicker (see secrets for the Northern Flicker for more information).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in saguaro cactus stands; also frequents Joshua tree stands and riparian woodlands in the desert and adjacent foothills (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Limited distribution includes extreme northeastern Baja California and central Arizona south to southern Baja California and northwestern Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Northern Flicker; brown crown and (in male) red moustache separate it from Yellow-shafted race of Northern Flicker; very similar to Red-shafted race of Northern Flicker, except that undersides of wing and tail are golden-colored.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in saguaro cactus cavity or in tree cavity, generally up to 5-30 feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4; 28 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 25-28 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 523,
"SPECIES_ID": 3909,
"CLO": 3909,
"SPEC_NAME": "Pileated Woodpecker",
"LATINNAME": "Dryocopus pileatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.6 ****",
"SECRETS": "The presence of Pileated Woodpecker can be inferred even when no birds can be seen or heard; look for large triangular or rectangular tree cavity entrances which average 3.5 to 4.5 inches wide (wider than most other woodpecker species).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous and coniferous forests and woodlands; also frequents wooded suburban habitats where tall trees occur (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from southwestern Mackenzie and northern Alberta east across northwestern Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, and central Ontario east to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia; and south to: (1) south-coastal and central British Columbia, and south along the Pacific coastal states to central California; (2) southern Alberta and south-central Idaho, western Montana, and Wyoming; and (3) the Missouri and Mississippi River floodplains, south to Texas and east to the Atlantic coast, Florida, and the Gulf coast (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Large size, red crest, mostly black plumage, white wing patches, and white stripes down side of neck make this bird easy to identify; loud call sounds more like some South American exotic than a native North American bird. Loud drumming (on trees) made in the spring can usually be identified as this species.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavity, generally up to 15-45 or more feet above the ground.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-8, usually 3-5; 33 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 15-18 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 26-28 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 524,
"SPECIES_ID": 3925,
"CLO": 3925,
"SPEC_NAME": "Ivory-billed Woodpecker",
"LATINNAME": "Campephilus principalis",
"FAMILY_ID": "PICI",
"STATUS": "Extinct",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Formerly found in mature lowland deciduous forests, including swamps, less commonly in pines (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Extinct; formerly resident from southeastern Oklahoma, eastern Arkansas, the Ohio and Mississippi River floodplains of Missouri, Illinois, and Kentucky, and southeastern North Carolina south to eastern Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida. Two subspecies are described in the literature; the range for the one native to the United States (C. p. principalis) is described above; the other subspecies (C. p. bairdii) occurred in Cuba (A.O.U. 1998). Many scientists believe this species to be extirpated from the United States, and for many years it was believed that this bird was nearing extinction if it had not already gone extinct. However, in 1986, it was re-discovered in eastern Cuba. Despite this significant find, however, it eventually became clear that conservation efforts to save this species should have been started decades earlier. It is now thought that the Ivory-billed Woodpecker became extinct sometime prior to the 1990's, although the last sighting in the United States occurred much earlier than that. The impacts of logging activities on the habitat of this species apparently adversely affected its food supply and its need for large, undisturbed tracts of mature lowland forests.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 525,
"SPECIES_ID": 4797,
"CLO": 4797,
"SPEC_NAME": "Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet",
"LATINNAME": "Camptostoma imberbe",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in second-growth forested habitats, riparian thickets, and in semi-open areas with scattered trees (A.O.U. 1998; Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and southern Texas south to Mexico and Central America; withdraws from northern part of range in winter, when it is found from Mexico south through its breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Grayish-olive above, with dull grayish breast and belly; note buffy wing bars and eyebrow. Erectile feathers on crown form small crest.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Builds globular or spherical nest structure, which is placed in tree, generally up to 4-50 feet above the ground. Nest is lined with down and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-3, usually 3; 16 mm.; white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs while both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 526,
"SPECIES_ID": 4813,
"CLO": 4813,
"SPEC_NAME": "Greenish Elaenia",
"LATINNAME": "Myiopagis viridicata",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in woodlands and forests; also frequents nearby scrub habitats (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico, Central America, and South America; considered accidental in Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Greenish back, tail, and wings, with yellow-green tinge to wings and tail; also note lemon-yellow belly, grayish breast, white lores, and dark eye line.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 527,
"SPECIES_ID": 4814,
"CLO": 4814,
"SPEC_NAME": "Caribbean Elaenia",
"LATINNAME": "Elaenia martinica",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in woodlands and along woodland edge; also frequents brushy second-growth habitats (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to islands in the Caribbean Sea, off the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, and from Puerto Rico south to Grenada (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Pale grayish-olive head and upper breast, pale yellow belly. Note slight crest at rear of crown, and light color to lower mandible.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 528,
"SPECIES_ID": 4939,
"CLO": 4939,
"SPEC_NAME": "Tufted Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Mitrephanes phaeocercus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pine-oak and evergreen forests, along woodland edge, in riparian areas, and in more open situations (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico, Central America, and South America; considered accidental in Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note erectile feathers on crown, producing crest for which this bird is named. Reddish-orange breast and head, with dark eye, white eye ring, and grayish lores. Bill is bicolored, with dark upper mandible and orange-colored lower mandible.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 529,
"SPECIES_ID": 4941,
"CLO": 4941,
"SPEC_NAME": "Olive-sided Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Contopus cooperi",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-3.9 ****",
"SECRETS": "Song, 'Quick, three beers!', is easily learned. However, most beginning birders are unfamiliar with the Olive-sided's call, which can be described as a quick 'pip-pip-pip'. Listen for this call in migration or on breeding grounds.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in taiga and coniferous forest habitats, including spruce bogs; also frequents mixed coniferous-deciduous forests. During migration, may be found in a variety of woodland situations (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from western Alaska and central Yukon east across west-central and southern Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, north-central Manitoba, northern Ontario, and south-central Quebec east to south-central Labrador and central Newfoundland; and south: (1) along the Pacific coast to central California; (2) in the western mountains to northern Baja California, southern Nevada, northern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and western Texas; and (3) to central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, western Massachusetts, and south locally in the Appalachian Mountains to the Tennessee/North Carolina border . Migrates to South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Large-headed appearance, gray-olive sides with white streak down middle of chest, and white tufts above rump on perched bird help identify this flycatcher. Remember: this species is almost never seen perched in anything other than a dead snag or on the dead limbs of a live tree.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree (usually a coniferous tree), generally up to 5-75 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, mosses, lichens, grass, and pine needles.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4, usually 3; 22 mm.; white, buff, or pink in color, with brown and gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 21-23 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 530,
"SPECIES_ID": 4942,
"CLO": 4942,
"SPEC_NAME": "Greater Pewee",
"LATINNAME": "Contopus pertinax",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "In old field guides, this species may be identified as Coues's Flycatcher.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pine-oak, evergreen, and mixed coniferous-deciduous forests, along woodland edge, and even in clearings (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central Arizona and southwestern New Mexico south into Mexico to Central America. Withdraws from northernmost portion of range in winter, when it is found from northern Mexico south throughout its breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Larger than Eastern or Western Wood-Pewee; note bright, orange-yellow lower mandible, and grayish-olive back, wings, and head. Head feathers may sometimes be erected into crest. Song, when heard, is diagnostic.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree, generally up to 10-40 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, lichens, and leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4; 21 mm.; white to pale cream in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is available.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 531,
"SPECIES_ID": 4946,
"CLO": 4946,
"SPEC_NAME": "Western Wood-Pewee",
"LATINNAME": "Contopus sordidulus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.5 ****",
"SECRETS": "Listen for 3-syllabled song, 'phee-two-weet' which is often given in conjunction with call note, a descending 'pheeer'.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coniferous or mixed coniferous-deciduous forests; and in woodlands in riparian areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends along the Pacific coast from east central Alaska south to Baja California, and east to southern Mackenzie, northwestern Saskatchewan, south-central Manitoba, northwestern Minnesota, central North Dakota, western South Dakota, western Nebraska, western Kansas, and western Texas south into Mexico. Migrates to South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: The Western and Eastern Wood-Pewees are told from other flycatchers by the general lack of an eye ring (compare to Empidonax flycatchers) and presence of obvious wing bars (compare to Eastern and Black Phoebes); they generally do not wag their tails as phoebes do. However, separating these two species of Wood-Pewees from one another is best accomplished by using distributional range and voice.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree, generally up to 15-35 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, leaves, bark, and spider's silk.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3; 18 mm.; cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14-18 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 532,
"SPECIES_ID": 4947,
"CLO": 4947,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eastern Wood-Pewee",
"LATINNAME": "Contopus virens",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.7 ****",
"SECRETS": "Song, 'Pee-o-wee, Pee-ooo', is easily learned and is readily distinguished from song of Western Wood-Pewee.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coniferous or mixed coniferous-deciduous forests; also frequents parks, open woodlands, and woodland edge habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends along the Atlantic coast from northern Maine, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia south to Florida; and west to southeastern Saskatchewan and south-central Texas; range generally overlaps little with Western Wood-Pewee. Migrates to South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: The Eastern and Western Wood-Pewees are told from other flycatchers by the general lack of an eye ring (compare to Empidonax flycatchers) and presence of obvious wing bars (compare to Eastern and Black Phoebes); they generally do not wag their tails as phoebes do. However, separating these two species of Wood-Pewees from one another is best accomplished by using distributional range and voice.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree, generally up to 15-35 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, bark, lichens, and other materials, and lined with wool, horsehair, thread, and grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3; 18 mm.; cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14-18 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 533,
"SPECIES_ID": 4959,
"CLO": 4959,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow-bellied Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Empidonax flaviventris",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.9 ***",
"SECRETS": "Calls include a rising, 'ker-wee', which has an almost Semipalmated Plover-like quality to it.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in boreal coniferous forests (A.O.U. 1998); in migration, found in woodlands and along woodland edge.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central and northeastern British Columbia and west-central and southern Mackenzie east across northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, and central Quebec east to south-central Labrador and Newfoundland; and south to central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, the Great lakes region, and north-central New York east to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Migrates to Mexico and Central America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note yellow eye ring, yellowish throat, and obvious yellow belly; compare plumage to that of Acadian Flycatcher. Song is similar to Least Flycatcher's but not given as frequently.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on or close to the ground, where it places its nest in a mossy hummock or within the upturned roots of a fallen tree, generally 0-2 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from moss, small roots, and grasses, and lined with pine needles, small roots, and grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 3-4; 17 mm.; white in color, lightly marked with brown.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 13-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 534,
"SPECIES_ID": 4960,
"CLO": 4960,
"SPEC_NAME": "Acadian Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Empidonax virescens",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.5 **",
"SECRETS": "In areas where range overlaps with other Empidonax flycatchers, the Acadian is the only one which shows a strong preference for mature deciduous bottomland forests and steep, wooded ravines.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in deciduous forests, usually along steep slopes and ravines and commonly near water.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern South Dakota east to central New York, Massachusetts, and Vermont, and south to southern Texas, the Gulf coast, and central Florida. Migrates to Central and South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note greenish back and wings and the obvious eye ring. As in most Empidonax flycatchers, best identified by voice and habitat. Song is an explosive 'peet-za!'.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree or shrub, generally up to 8-20 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, moss, and spider's silk and lined with grass, hair, and plant down.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3; 18 mm.; cream to buff-white in color, lightly marked with brown.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 13-15 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 535,
"SPECIES_ID": 4961,
"CLO": 4961,
"SPEC_NAME": "Alder Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Empidonax alnorum",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.6 ***",
"SECRETS": "Formerly classified with the Willow Flycatcher as a single species known as the Traill's Flycatcher; study the songs and calls of these two flycatchers closely -- soon you will be able to readily identify them in the field.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Typically breeds in brushy thickets and second-growth habitats along lakes and streams, and in alder swamps or forested swamps (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central Alaska and central Yukon east across northwestern and southern Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario east to southern Labrador and southern Newfoundland; and south to south-central British Columbia, southern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, northern North Dakota, the Great Lakes region, eastern Pennsylvania, and western Maryland; and south locally in the Appalachian Mountains to the Tennessee/North Carolina border. Migrates to South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Eye ring is present, although not as bold as in some other Empidonax flycatchers. Most closely associated with Willow Flycatcher; these two species are essentially indistinguishable in the field under most conditions, but can readily be identified if songs are heard. Song has an upward inflection to it; it is 3-syllabled, but the untrained ear may only hear two syllables.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrub, generally up to 1-4 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, leaves, mosses, pine needles, bark, and other vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3-4; 18 mm.; white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 13-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 536,
"SPECIES_ID": 4962,
"CLO": 4962,
"SPEC_NAME": "Willow Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Empidonax traillii",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "-1.2 ****",
"SECRETS": "Formerly classified with the Alder Flycatcher as a single species known as the Traill's Flycatcher; study the songs and calls of these two flycatchers closely -- soon you will be able to readily identify them in the field.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Typically breeds in brushy thickets and second-growth habitats of riparian areas; frequently in willow or buttonbush thickets (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central British Columbia east across southern Canada and the Great Lakes region to New Brunswick; and south to southern California (and northern Baja California), southern Arizona, southern New Mexico, northeastern Oklahoma, northeastern Louisiana, and central Tennessee east to northern Georgia and the Carolinas; less common and local in the southwest, where it is listed as Endangered. Migrates to Mexico and Central America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Eye ring is present, although not as bold as in some other Empidonax flycatchers. Most closely associated with Alder Flycatcher; these two species are essentially indistinguishable in the field under most conditions, but can readily be identified if songs are heard. Song, 'Fitz-bew!', has an downward inflection to it.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrub, generally up to 2-10 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from bark, grasses, silky or cottony plant materials, and other vegetation; nest is lined with grasses and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3-4; 18 mm.; buff or white in color, with brown markings near large end of egg.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 537,
"SPECIES_ID": 4964,
"CLO": 4964,
"SPEC_NAME": "Least Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Empidonax minimus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.8 ***",
"SECRETS": "Song, 'che-bek', has a dryer and snappier quality than similar 'che-bunk' song of Yellow-bellied Flycatcher; Least Flycatcher's song is also given more frequently.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open deciduous woodlands, along woodland edge, and in park-like habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern Yukon and west-central and southern Mackenzie east across northern Alberta, northern Saskatchewan, north-central Manitoba, and northern Ontario east to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia; and south to western Washington, eastern Oregon, northeastern California, Montana, northeastern Colorado, central and southeastern South Dakota, Missouri, central Illinois, and northern Indiana east to central New Jersey; and locally south in the Appalachian Mountains to Tennessee, North Carolina, and northwestern Georgia. Migrates to Mexico and Central America for the winter, although a few birds are occasionally found in southern California, southern Florida, and along the Gulf coast (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note eye ring and wing bars; upperparts may be gray or olive-gray. As with most Empidonax flycatchers, hearing the song or call notes is the best and most reliable means of identification; listen for its 'che-bek' song in migration and on the breeding grounds.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrub, generally up to 7-40 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from bark, grasses, plant down, and spider's silk; nest is lined with grasses, animal hairs, feathers, and plant down.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4; 16 mm.; cream-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12-16 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 538,
"SPECIES_ID": 4965,
"CLO": 4965,
"SPEC_NAME": "Hammond's Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Empidonax hammondii",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.2",
"SECRETS": "Examine the bill of the Hammond's Flycatcher closely: note its relatively small size, and also note that the lower mandible is mostly dark, being pale only at the base of the bill. In some birds, the bill may appear all dark in the field.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: This species breeds in well-stocked fir forests and in coniferous woodlands (A.O.U. 1998), usually at high elevations; during migration and in winter, also frequents pine or pine-oak forests, and deciduous woodlands.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from east-central Alaska, southern Yukon, British Columbia, southwestern Alberta, western and south-central Montana, and northwestern Wyoming south to north-central New Mexico, western Colorado, northeastern Arizona, central Utah, east-central Nevada, and through the Pacific coastal states to east-central California. Generally winters from southeastern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and Mexico south to Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare closely with Dusky Flycatcher. Note short, mostly dark bill. However, best identified by voice: song consists of three parts, but is hoarser and more burry than Dusky's song; it also lacks the higher-pitched 'pweet' or 'seet' element of Dusky's song. Call note is a sharp 'peek', like that of a woodpecker or Long-billed Dowitcher. Compare song also to Pacific-slope Flycatcher.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to 25-40 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from bark, small roots, twigs, pine needles, grasses, and feathers; nest is lined with grasses and mosses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4; 18 mm.; white to cream-white in color, with small brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 17-18 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 539,
"SPECIES_ID": 4966,
"CLO": 4966,
"SPEC_NAME": "Gray Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Empidonax wrightii",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "10.2 ****",
"SECRETS": "In its typical habitat, the behavior & color patterns of this species allow it to be identified with some degree of confidence; otherwise, one should rely on songs, calls, & advanced field guides to identify Empidonax flycatchers.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: This species breeds in arid pinyon-juniper or sagebrush habitats; may also frequent pine-oak woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from extreme southern British Columbia, central and eastern Washington, south-central Idaho, southern Wyoming, and central Colorado south to south-central California, southern Nevada, central Arizona, southern New Mexico, and western Texas. Generally winters from central Arizona south into Mexico; also in southern Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Decidedly gray above, but may have olive wash on upperparts in the fall. Grayish head and face; note eye ring and wing bars, which are characteristic of Empidonax flycatchers. Upper mandible is dark, lower mandible mostly pale, except for dark tip. However, best identified by voice: song consists of two elements; the one that is most frequently given is a 2-syllabled 'chuwip' or 'chi-wip'; occasionally it may also combine this with a second, single note element. Call is a dry 'wit', similar in quality to the call of other Empidonax species, including Dusky Flycatcher. Up/down tail-wagging behavior is different from the quick, jerky movements of some other Empidonax flycatchers; instead, the downward movement of the tail is slower and more pronounced.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs, generally up to 2-9 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from plant down, bark, and grasses; nest is lined with bark, animal hair, wool, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4; 18 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 16 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 540,
"SPECIES_ID": 4967,
"CLO": 4967,
"SPEC_NAME": "Dusky Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Empidonax oberholseri",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.0",
"SECRETS": "Where the range of this species overlaps with Hammond's Flycatcher, focus on habitat and elevation as additional aids to identification; Dusky is usually found at lower elevations, in more open wooded habitats.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: This species is found in coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous forests, typically in more open situations than Hammond's Flycatcher. Also frequents chaparral, aspen, and willow groves or thickets (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southwestern Yukon south and southeast to British Columbia, north-central Washington, south-central Alberta, southwestern Saskatchewan, and eastern Montana; and from there, south to southern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, central Arizona, and central and northeastern New Mexico; range extends east locally to western South Dakota. Generally winters from southern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and western Texas, south into Mexico; some birds are also found in the winter in southern California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare closely with Hammond's Flycatcher. Note that lower mandible is mostly pale, being dark mostly at the tip. However, best identified by voice: song consists of three parts, including a higher-pitched 'pweet' or 'seet' element which Hammond's does not give. Call note is a short, dry 'wit' or 'whit'; on the breeding grounds, males may also give a 'dee-hic' or 'dew-hic' call, unlike the sharp 'peek' of the Hammond's Flycatcher. Compare song also to Pacific-slope Flycatcher.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 4-7 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses and other vegetation; nest is lined with grasses, plant down, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4; 18 mm.; pale white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly be female) and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 18 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 541,
"SPECIES_ID": 4969,
"CLO": 4969,
"SPEC_NAME": "Pacific-slope Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Empidonax difficilis",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.5",
"SECRETS": "This species and the Cordilleran Flycatcher were once classified together as the Western Flycatcher; nearly identical to one another, they are best identified by distributional range (breeding grounds) and by call notes.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: This species breeds in coniferous and pine-oak forests; also frequents woodlands with dense second-growth habitat (A.O.U. 1998); usually near water.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern Alaska and central British Columbia south along the Pacific coastal states to southwestern California and northern Baja California, generally west of the Sierra Nevada range; also breeds in southern Baja California. Generally winters in southern Baja California and in Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Entire lower mandible bright orange; also note bold white eye ring with tear-drop shape at rear of eye. Compare song to those of Hammond's and Dusky Flycatchers. Call note, 'Sue-weet!', is frequently given on breeding grounds and easily recognized. Arrives earlier in the spring than other migrant Empidonax flycatchers.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in a variety of situations, including natural cavities (in cliffs or in trees), on the upturned roots of fallen trees, within wood piles, along overhanging stream bank, or on branch of tree; generally 0-30 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from mosses, small roots, grasses, and other vegetation; nest is lined with animal hair, feathers, and fine plant vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 3-4; 17 mm.; pale white or cream-colored, with brown or lavender markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14-15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14-18 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 542,
"SPECIES_ID": 4970,
"CLO": 4970,
"SPEC_NAME": "Cordilleran Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Empidonax occidentalis",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.6",
"SECRETS": "This species and the Pacific-slope Flycatcher were once classified together as the Western Flycatcher; nearly identical to one another, they are best identified by distributional range (breeding grounds) and by call notes.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: This species breeds in coniferous and pine-oak forests; also frequents woodlands with dense second-growth habitat (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range is further east than Pacific-slope Flycatcher. It is found from west-central Alberta, northern Idaho, central Montana, Wyoming, and western South Dakota south to northeastern California, central Nevada, and southeastern Arizona south into Mexico. Range also extends eastward to northwestern Nebraska, central Colorado, central New Mexico, and western Texas. Migrates to Mexico for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Entire lower mandible bright orange; also note bold white eye ring with tear-drop shape at rear of eye. Compare song to those of Hammond's and Dusky Flycatchers. Call note is similar to Pacific-slope Flycatcher's but decidedly 2-syllabled.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in a variety of situations, including natural cavities (in cliffs or in trees), on the upturned roots of fallen trees, within wood piles, along overhanging stream bank, or on branch of tree; generally 0-30 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from mosses, small roots, grasses, and other vegetation; nest is lined with animal hair, feathers, and fine plant vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 3-4; 17 mm.; pale white or cream-colored, with brown or lavender markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14-15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14-18 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 543,
"SPECIES_ID": 4972,
"CLO": 4972,
"SPEC_NAME": "Buff-breasted Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Empidonax fulvifrons",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open situations such as grassy or scrubby clearings, and pastures; also frequents pine and pine-oak forests (A.O.U. 1998; Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from east-central and southeastern Arizona and west-central and southwestern New Mexico south into Mexico and Central America. Withdraws from northern part of range in the winter, when it is found from Mexico south throughout its breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note small size, brownish upperparts, and buffy wash across breast. As with all Empidonax flycatchers, it has wing bars and an eye ring. Lower mandible is pale-colored.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to 9-45 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, small roots, and spider's silk; nest is lined with grasses, animal hair, feathers, lichens, and other materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 15 mm.; cream-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14-15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14-17 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 544,
"SPECIES_ID": 4974,
"CLO": 4974,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eastern Phoebe",
"LATINNAME": "Sayornis phoebe",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.9 ****",
"SECRETS": "Although its song is easily learned, the Eastern Phoebe also has a brief, sweet 'chip' note, which can be used to detect birds in the woods when they otherwise can not be seen, especially during the non-breeding season.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in deciduous woodlands, usually in open situations, but even in more open environments with scattered trees.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northeastern British Columbia, west-central and southern Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, western and central Ontario, and southwestern Quebec east to southern Nova Scotia; and south to southern Alberta, northeastern Wyoming, and southwestern South Dakota; and from there south to central and northeastern Texas, the northern portions of the Gulf states, northern Georgia, northwestern Florida, and western South Carolina. Northern populations are migratory; generally winters in the southeastern United States, north to Virginia and west to central Texas; occasionally further north. Also winters in southeastern Arizona and southern New Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Phoebes are told from Empidonax flycatchers by lack of eye ring and wing bars, and from Wood-Pewees by lack of wing bars. Phoebes also regularly wag their tails, further distinguishing them from Wood-Pewees. The Eastern Phoebe is told by its pale white (sometimes yellowish) underparts, dark bill, and dark gray upperparts. Song, 'Phoe-bee!', is easily learned (don't mistake 2-note song of Black-capped Chickadee as this species!).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in a variety of locations ranging from caves or recesses on wall of ravines or steep hillsides to a variety of human-built structures (e.g., bridges, culverts, houses, barns, etc.). Usually builds nest in a sheltered area, like underneath a bridge, inside a culvert, under the eaves of a house, etc. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from mud and moss; nest is lined with grasses, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-8, usually 4-5; 19 mm.; white in color, sometimes lightly marked with brown.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 16 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 15-16 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 545,
"SPECIES_ID": 4975,
"CLO": 4975,
"SPEC_NAME": "Say's Phoebe",
"LATINNAME": "Sayornis saya",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.9 **",
"SECRETS": "In fall migration, Say's Phoebe is rare but regular to the mid-Western states such as Minnesota and Missouri, and occasionally further east in Canada and the U.S., even as far as Newfoundland, the Atlantic coast, and Florida.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open, scrubby, arid or desert-like habitats, including large fields and ranches; also found near large marshes and other wide, open spaces.\r\n\r\nDistribution: A bird of western North America, the Say's Phoebe breeds from Alaska, northern Yukon, northwestern and central Mackenzie, central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, and southwestern Manitoba south to southern California, northern Baja California, and Mexico; and east to the Dakotas, northwestern Iowa, central Kansas, western Oklahoma, and western Texas. Northern populations are migratory; generally winters from southern Oregon, southern Utah, central New Mexico, and central Texas south into Mexico and southern Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark gray upperparts, pale gray breast, and tan or cinnamon wash to belly and undertail coverts. Note that, like other phoebes, it pumps its tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in a variety of locations including rocky ledge or crevice on cliff face or in cave, within a natural tree cavity, or in sheltered location of man-made structure (e.g., under bridges or inside abandoned buildings). Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, moss, wool, spider's silk, and other materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 4-5; 19 mm.; white in color, sometimes lightly marked with red or brown.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14-16 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 546,
"SPECIES_ID": 4976,
"CLO": 4976,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black Phoebe",
"LATINNAME": "Sayornis nigricans",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.2 ***",
"SECRETS": "Four-part song is readily distinguished from 2-part song of Eastern Phoebe; sometimes, when Eastern Phoebes stray west in the winter, they may sing, giving you the opportunity to compare the songs.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Typically found near water (e.g., river, stream, or lake), in open, semi-wooded, or wooded habitats.\r\n\r\nDistribution: The western counterpart to the Eastern Phoebe; breeds (and is mostly resident) from southwestern Oregon and California east across southern Nevada, southern Utah, northern Arizona, southeastern Colorado, and central New Mexico to western Texas; and south to southern Baja California, Mexico, and Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Easily recognized by its tail-pumping habitats, mostly black plumage, and white belly and undertail coverts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is usually placed on wall of cliff, or in sheltered area of man-made structure (e.g., under bridges or on side of buildings). Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from mud, plant materials, and animal hair. Nest is lined with animal hair, small roots, grasses, and bark.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4; 19 mm.; white in color, sometimes with red or brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 15-17 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14-21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 547,
"SPECIES_ID": 4977,
"CLO": 4977,
"SPEC_NAME": "Vermilion Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Pyrocephalus rubinus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.4",
"SECRETS": "In the fall and winter, Vermilion Flycatchers are prone to wandering north and east of their normal range; look for it along major river corridors (e.g., Mississippi or Ohio Rivers).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open and semi-open areas, sometimes with scattered trees; usually near water (A.O.U. 1998; Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species breeds from southern California, southern Nevada, extreme southwestern Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, western Oklahoma, and western and central Texas south into Mexico and Baja California. Withdraws from extreme northern portion of range in winter, when it may also appear on the Gulf coast east to Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Adult male is unmistakable. Female has pale grayish-white breast, with dusky streakings; buffy or pinkish belly; note white eyebrow and darker eye patch. Immatures are streaked on breast like adult females; belly color varies from yellowish to buff to red.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to 8-20 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, grasses, small roots, and spider's silk; nest is lined with animal hair and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3; 17 mm.; white to cream-white in color, with dark brown or lavender markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14-15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14-16 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 548,
"SPECIES_ID": 5063,
"CLO": 5063,
"SPEC_NAME": "Dusky-capped Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Myiarchus tuberculifer",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in evergreen, deciduous, and pine-oak forests; also frequents younger, open woodland habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico south into Mexico and Central America; withdraws from northern portion of range in the winter, when it is found from central Mexico south throughout its breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note relatively large bill. Compare with Ash-throated Flycatcher; tail shows very little or no rufous coloration. Song and calls are decidedly different from other Myiarchus flycatchers.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in cavities within trees, wooden posts, or cacti, generally up to 4-50 feet above the ground. Nest is built from grasses, leaves, and bark, and is lined with animal hair and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-5; 20 mm.; cream-white in color, with brown or purple markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 549,
"SPECIES_ID": 5072,
"CLO": 5072,
"SPEC_NAME": "Ash-throated Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Myiarchus cinerascens",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.8 ****",
"SECRETS": "Song consists of repetitions of its call, 'ka-wheer!', with the emphasis placed on the second syllable. Song can sometimes be overlooked by the novice birder.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in oak woodlands, chaparral or scrubby habitats, riparian woodlands, and in pinyon-juniper stands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northwestern Oregon, eastern Washington, southern Idaho, and southern Wyoming south and east to: southern Colorado, western Kansas, western Oklahoma, central Texas, Mexico, California, and Baja California. Northern populations are migratory; generally winters from central Arizona and Mexico south throughout remainder of breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Grayish head and breast, pale yellow belly, rufous coloration in tail. Brown-crested Flycatcher, which partially overlaps it in range, has brighter yellow coloration on belly and a larger bill. Compare also with Great Crested Flycatcher.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in natural tree cavities, generally up to 20 feet above the ground. Nest is built from animal hairs, small roots, grasses, and other materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 4-5; 22 mm.; yellowish-white or pinkish-white in color, with brown and purple markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14-16 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 550,
"SPECIES_ID": 5073,
"CLO": 5073,
"SPEC_NAME": "Nutting's Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Myiarchus nuttingi",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in scrubby woodlands and semi-open areas with small trees (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico and Central America; considered a casual visitor to Arizona (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Remarkably similar to Ash-throated Flycatcher; best distinguished from that species by voice, which is somewhat suggestive of Great Crested Flycatcher's call.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 551,
"SPECIES_ID": 5074,
"CLO": 5074,
"SPEC_NAME": "Great Crested Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Myiarchus crinitus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.0",
"SECRETS": "Although this is the only Myiarchus flycatcher that breeds in much of eastern N. America, don't assume that every late fall/early winter Myiarchus there will be this species; take time to be sure your bird is not a vagrant Ash-throated.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous and evergreen broadleaf forests, along woodland edge, and in more open situations such as tree orchards and parks (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: The only Myiarchus flycatcher with a widespread distribution in eastern North America. Breeding range extends along the Atlantic coast from central New Brunswick, Maine, and southern Nova Scotia south to southern Florida; and west to east-central Alberta, central North Dakota, eastern South Dakota, northeastern Colorado, western Kansas, and central and southeastern Texas. Migrates to Mexico for the winter, when it may also be found in central and southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark, greenish-brown upperparts, grayish throat and breast, bright yellow belly, and rufous coloration in wings and tail. Call, a loud 'wheep!' or 'wheep, wheep!', is given during spring migration and on breeding grounds.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in natural tree cavities, generally up to 6-15 or more feet above the ground; may also use nest boxes. The nest is a cup-like structure, built from grasses, leaves, pine needles, and other vegetation and miscellaneous materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-8, usually 5-6; 23 mm.; yellowish-white or pinkish-white in color, with brown and purple markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12-21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 552,
"SPECIES_ID": 5075,
"CLO": 5075,
"SPEC_NAME": "Brown-crested Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Myiarchus tyrannulus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "4.4 ***",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous forests, along woodland edge, in scrubby woodlands, and in open areas with scattered trees (A.O.U. 1998; Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern California, extreme southern Nevada, extreme southwestern Utah, Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and southern Texas south into Mexico and Central America. Withdraws from northern portion of range in the winter, when it is found from northern Mexico southward throughout its breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note large size, big-headed appearance, and relatively large, heavy bill. Yellow belly is not as bright as in Great Crested Flycatcher. Rufous in tail is not as rich or extensive as in Great Crested or Ash-throated Flycatchers. However, best identified by song and call notes, especially during migration seasons when Great Crested Flycatcher moves through range of Brown-crested Flycatcher.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in woodpecker cavities, either within trees or wooden posts, generally up to 5-30 feet above the ground. Nest is built from animal hair, feathers, and other materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 24 mm.; creamy-buff in color, and blotched, spotted, or scrawled with brown and purple markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12-21 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 553,
"SPECIES_ID": 5079,
"CLO": 5079,
"SPEC_NAME": "La Sagra's Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Myiarchus sagrae",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pine, tropical evergreen, and mangrove forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Cuba and the Bahama Islands; considered a casual visitor to Florida and accidental in Alabama (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Ash-throated Flycatcher; note very pale underparts, which are frequently completely white in color (including the belly); upperparts are more olive in color.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 554,
"SPECIES_ID": 5086,
"CLO": 5086,
"SPEC_NAME": "Tropical Kingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Tyrannus melancholicus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Although this species barely makes it into North America as a breeding bird, it regularly ranges north and west to the Pacific coast (California to British Columbia) in the fall and winter.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open and semi-open areas with scattered trees and hedgerows; also frequents scrubby woodland or beach habitats (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern Arizona (rarely extreme southern Texas) south into Mexico. Withdraws from northern portion of range in winter, when it may be found from Baja California and northern Mexico south throughout its breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note relatively large, heavy bill; notched, dark tail lacks any white coloration. Remarkably similar to Couch's Kingbird, from which it is best distinguished by voice and/or distributional range. (Both this species and Couch's Kingbird were once classified together as one species, the Tropical Kingbird.)\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to 8-20 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, moss, small roots, bark, and plant down.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 3-4; 25 mm.; pink or buff in color, with brown and purple markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 15-16 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 18-19 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 555,
"SPECIES_ID": 5087,
"CLO": 5087,
"SPEC_NAME": "Couch's Kingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Tyrannus couchii",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in scrubby riparian thickets, tropical deciduous forests, along forest edge, and in open areas with scattered trees and hedgerows (A.O.U. 1998; Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern Texas south into Mexico and northern Central America; withdraws from northern part of range in the winter. Considered a casual visitor to New Mexico, Louisiana, and Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Bill is larger than in Western or Cassin's Kingbird, but not as long as Tropical Kingbird; upperparts are a darker green than seen in Tropical Kingbird. Otherwise, remarkably similar to Tropical Kingbird, from which it is best distinguished by voice and/or distributional range. (Both this species and Tropical Kingbird were once classified together as one species, the Tropical Kingbird.)\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to 8-20 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, moss, small roots, bark, and plant down.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 3-4; 25 mm.; pink or buff in color, with brown and purple markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation period and age when young are first capable of flight are probably similar to Tropical Kingbird, but little information is available.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 556,
"SPECIES_ID": 5088,
"CLO": 5088,
"SPEC_NAME": "Cassin's Kingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Tyrannus vociferans",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.2 *",
"SECRETS": "In areas where the range of this species overlaps with the Western Kingbird, note the darker breast and upperparts, concentrate on the tail coloration patterns, and (when possible) listen for vocalizations, which are diagnostic.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in dry grasslands, and in riparian or pinyon-juniper-oak woodland habitats; also frequents pine-oak woodlands in the winter (A.O.U 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central California, southern Nevada, southern Utah, central and eastern Wyoming, southeastern Montana, and southwestern South Dakota south to extreme western Oklahoma, western Texas, into Mexico, and northwestern Baja California; winters primarily from southern Baja California and northern Mexico south throughout its breeding range to Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare closely with Western Kingbird; voice, which includes an emphatic 'che-bew!', readily separates the two species. Other good field marks include the darker gray breast color; and the dark brown tail, which lacks the white outer tail feathers of the Western Kingbird and instead has buff terminal edge to tip of tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to 20-55 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, small roots, bark, and leaves. Nest is lined with grass and plant down.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 3-4; 23 mm.; white to cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 18-19 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 16-17 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 557,
"SPECIES_ID": 5089,
"CLO": 5089,
"SPEC_NAME": "Thick-billed Kingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Tyrannus crassirostris",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in semi-open areas (usually with scattered trees and hedges), within woodlands or plantations, and along woodland edge (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico south into Mexico. Withdraws from northern portion of range in the winter, when it may also be found south to Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A relatively large kingbird, with comparatively massive, black bill. Note also grayish-white breast; belly is nearly the same color, but may show a tinge of pale yellow, especially in the fall when yellow becomes more obvious on the belly. Upperparts and head are dark, brownish-gray, with darker patch surrounding the eye.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to 50-60 feet above the ground. Nest is a frail, cup-shaped structure built from twigs and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4; white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 558,
"SPECIES_ID": 5090,
"CLO": 5090,
"SPEC_NAME": "Western Kingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Tyrannus verticalis",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.6 ***",
"SECRETS": "Once the basic plumage patterns of the Western Kingbird are learned, begin focusing on how this species differs from the Cassin's, Couch's, & Tropical Kingbirds; eventually, you'll learn the subtle differences between all of these species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open areas (usually with scattered trees), including savanna-like habitats and agricultural lands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: A bird of western North America. Breeding range extends along the Pacific coast from southern interior British Columbia south to northern Baja California and northern Mexico; and east to western Minnesota and south-central Texas. Migrates to southern Mexico and Central America for the winter, when it may also be found in small numbers along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Fall migration regularly features a small number of individuals in northeastern North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Typical plumage includes pale gray breast and head, yellowish underparts, short, black bill, a black tail with white outer tail feathers, and pale gray back. In flight, white outer tail feathers are easily seen. Song is a series of harsh, twittering notes, rapidly given.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, shrubs, or sometimes on a variety of man-made structures (e.g., utility poles). Nest is generally placed up to 8-40 feet above the ground, and is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, small roots, and plant down; and lined with sheep's wool, animal hair, and other materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 3-4; 24 mm.; white, pink, or buff in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 18-19 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 16-17 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 559,
"SPECIES_ID": 5091,
"CLO": 5091,
"SPEC_NAME": "Scissor-tailed Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Tyrannus forficatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.1",
"SECRETS": "Long outer tail feathers are unmatched in appearance by any other North American bird with the exception of the closely related Fork-tailed Flycatcher.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open areas, including grassland, scrub, or savanna habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from eastern New Mexico, southeastern Colorado, southern Nebraska, central Missouri, and central Arkansas south to western Louisiana, southern Texas, and northern Mexico. Migrates to central Mexico south to Central America for the winter. Known to wander, has been reported from many locations in North America outside its known breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Unmistakable; by themselves, the long outer tail feathers (longer in male than female) are diagnostic. Note pale grayish-white body, with pinkish-red coloration on axillaries, wing linings, and flanks.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, or even on man-made structures (e.g., utility pole). Nest is generally placed up to 5-30 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from weed stems, twigs, moss, small roots, and cotton; and lined with animal hair and small roots.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 3-5; 23 mm.; white or cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14-17 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14-16 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 560,
"SPECIES_ID": 5092,
"CLO": 5092,
"SPEC_NAME": "Fork-tailed Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Tyrannus savana",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open areas, including seasonally wet grasslands; or scrub, agricultural, or savanna habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico, Central America, and South America; considered a casual visitor to North America, where it has been found in many states and Canadian provinces, predominantly from the eastern side of the continent (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In shape, similar to Scissor-tailed Flycatcher, but note dark cap, white underparts, and white wing linings.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 561,
"SPECIES_ID": 5093,
"CLO": 5093,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eastern Kingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Tyrannus tyrannus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.7 ****",
"SECRETS": "May form large flocks in migration; counts of several hundred or 1000 or more birds have been reported. One report from near Memphis, TN, in 1937 documented 5000 birds on 5 Sept. 1937!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open areas (usually with scattered trees or shrubs), including agricultural lands with hedgerows (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southwestern and northeastern British Columbia and southern Mackenzie east across northern Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, and central Ontario east to Nova Scotia and southwestern Newfoundland; and south to western Washington, eastern Oregon, northern Utah, Colorado, central New Mexico, and west-central & eastern Texas east along the Gulf coast to southern Florida. Migrates to South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: White underparts, blackish upperparts with grayish-white edgings to wing feathers. Note the dark tail which is tipped with white. Song has a buzzy, sputtering quality; given as a single call note or series of such notes.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 8-25 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, straw, feathers, plant down, and weed stems; and lined with grasses, animal hair, and small roots.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 3-4; 24 mm.; white to cream-white or pinkish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 16-18 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 16-18 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 562,
"SPECIES_ID": 5094,
"CLO": 5094,
"SPEC_NAME": "Gray Kingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Tyrannus dominicensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open or semi-open areas (usually with scattered trees or scrubby habitats); also frequents mangrove forests and the edge of tropical lowland evergreen forests (A.O.U. 1998; Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes the West Indies and extreme southeastern United States (i.e., the Florida Keys, southern Alabama, islands off the coast of Mississippi, and in the interior of the Florida peninsula). Generally winters in the West Indies, Central America, and northern South America. Occasionally wanders beyond breeding range on Atlantic and Gulf coasts (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Pale white underparts, light gray upperparts, with darker facial mask surrounding the eye. Note thick bill, and forked tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 3-12 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a frail, cup-shaped structure built from twigs and small roots and lined with grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 3-4; 25 mm.; pink in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 563,
"SPECIES_ID": 5095,
"CLO": 5095,
"SPEC_NAME": "Loggerhead Kingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Tyrannus caudifasciatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tropical lowland evergreen forests and in pine forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to the Bahamas and the West Indies; considered a casual visitor to southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Pale white underparts, grayish-olive back, slate-colored wings (with buffy edges to feathers), blackish head, and dark tail tipped with buff-white. Bill is relatively long and thick.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 564,
"SPECIES_ID": 5097,
"CLO": 5097,
"SPEC_NAME": "Variegated Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Empidonomus varius",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along forest edge and in secondary forest habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to South America; considered accidental in Maine, Tennessee, and in southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher; note smaller size, smaller bill, and contrasting facial stripes; not as heavily streaked on underparts as in Sulphur-bellied. Back is somewhat mottled in appearance, but not streaked as in Sulphur-bellied. Tail has reddish edges to it.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 565,
"SPECIES_ID": 5109,
"CLO": 5109,
"SPEC_NAME": "Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Myiodynastes luteiventris",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested areas, along forest edge, and in clearings (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern Arizona south into Mexico and Central America. Migrates to South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Rufous-colored rump and tail, creamy-white or yellowish underparts with heavy black streaking, streaked back.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavities, generally up to 20-50 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, leaves, and pine needles.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3-4; 26 mm.; white or cream-buff in color, with brown or lavender markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 15-16 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 16-18 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 566,
"SPECIES_ID": 5116,
"CLO": 5116,
"SPEC_NAME": "Great Kiskadee",
"LATINNAME": "Pitangus sulphuratus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Any birding trip to southern Texas must include plans to get this large, brilliantly-colored flycatcher; look for it in the lower Rio Grande valley where it is fairly common.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in second-growth habitats, along forest edge, and in open or semi-open situations with hedges or scattered trees; usually near water (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from southern Texas south into Mexico, Central America, and South America. Occasionally found north of this range in the southern United States (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black-and-white striped head, thick, black bill, yellowish underparts (with white throat), and light rufous wash to brown wings and tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 10-30 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a bulky, spherical-shaped structure with a side entrance; it is built from grasses and other plant materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 28 mm.; cream-white in color, lightly marked with brown.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 567,
"SPECIES_ID": 5134,
"CLO": 5134,
"SPEC_NAME": "Rose-throated Becard",
"LATINNAME": "Pachyramphus aglaiae",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along forest edge and in forest clearings; also frequents riparian groves and more open situations with scattered trees or hedges (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern Arizona and southern Texas south into Mexico and Central America; withdraws from extreme northern portion of breeding range in the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Grayish-white underparts (buff-colored in female), gray upperparts (brown in female); male has blackish-gray head and rose-colored throat patch. Song is somewhat elaborate and chattering, ending with a high-pitched, descending 'seeee' or 'seeoo' note.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to 30-60 feet above the ground. Nest is a globular or spherical-shaped structure with side entrance; it is built from bark, grasses, leaves, lichens, spider webs, and small roots; and is lined with feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6; 23 mm.; white to cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Young are capable of flight when they are about 19 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 568,
"SPECIES_ID": 5140,
"CLO": 5140,
"SPEC_NAME": "Masked Tityra",
"LATINNAME": "Tityra semifasciata",
"FAMILY_ID": "TYRA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in evergreen forests and secondary forest habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico, Central America, and South America; considered accidental in southern Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Thick bill is pinkish at base, darker at tip. Note pinkish lores and spectacles. Grayish-white in color (some females are brownish-gray on back and head), with black wings, and a short tail with black and white or black and gray bands. Male has black forehead and feathers surrounding the eye.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 569,
"SPECIES_ID": 5745,
"CLO": 5745,
"SPEC_NAME": "Pinyon Jay",
"LATINNAME": "Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus",
"FAMILY_ID": "CORV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.9 *",
"SECRETS": "Pinyon Jays often travel in flocks, when their loud calls betray their presence, even at great distances; they noisily mob owls in the daytime hours when one is found.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in pinyon-juniper woodlands; also frequents scrub-oak and sagebrush habitats in the non-breeding season (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central Oregon, southern Idaho, central Montana, and western South Dakota south (through eastern California) to northern Baja California, southern Nevada, east-central Arizona, central New Mexico, and western Oklahoma. Generally winters throughout its breeding range, but may wander in all directions, including coastal California, Iowa, southern Washington, and northern Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Overall light bluish color, with no crest. Note white streakings on throat.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests in trees, generally up to 3-20 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, bark, small roots, grasses, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 29 mm.; bluish- or greenish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 16-17 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 570,
"SPECIES_ID": 5746,
"CLO": 5746,
"SPEC_NAME": "Blue Jay",
"LATINNAME": "Cyanocitta cristata",
"FAMILY_ID": "CORV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.5 ****",
"SECRETS": "The Blue Jay is the most migratory of North American jays, with northern-most populations returning to southern portions of breeding range in winter; this behavior may also help explain irregular appearance of Blue Jays on west coast.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested areas, open woodlands, and park-like settings, including urban and suburban residential areas.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends along the Atlantic coast from Nova Scotia and Newfoundland south to southern Florida; and west to northern Alberta, east-central British Columbia, Montana, northern Wyoming, eastern Colorado, east-central New Mexico, and southeastern Texas. Withdraws from northern portion of range in winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Most artistic depictions of 'blue' jays feature this species; ironically in the west non-birders and novice birders alike sometimes refer to the Steller's and Scrub Jays as Blue Jays! When identifying the Blue Jay, note the pale gray underparts with bluish-black, v-shaped necklace; bluish upperparts, with black barring and white spotting on wings and tail; and the blue crest. This bird features a variety of calls, even imitations of hawks.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 5-50 feet above the ground. Nest is a bulky, cup-shaped structure built from twigs, bark, mosses, lichens, leaves, grasses, and other materials; and lined with fine rootlets.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 4-5; 28 mm.; olive, buff, pale green, or dull blue in color, with brown and gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 16-18 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 17-21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 571,
"SPECIES_ID": 5747,
"CLO": 5747,
"SPEC_NAME": "Steller's Jay",
"LATINNAME": "Cyanocitta stelleri",
"FAMILY_ID": "CORV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.4 *",
"SECRETS": "The calls of the Steller's Jay and Western Scrub-Jay are, at first, confusing. Spend time concentrating on the vocalizations of both species; in time, you, too, will be able to easily separate these two species by voice alone!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous forests; typically inhabits more densely forested areas than the open woodlands and scrub-like habitats of the Western Scrub-Jay.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends from south-coastal & southeastern Alaska east and south to: central British Columbia, southwestern Alberta, western Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, central New Mexico, western Texas, Mexico and Central America, Arizona, and southern California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A stunning, deep blue over most of plumage, darkest on head and face. Like its closely related relative, the Blue Jay, the Steller's Jay also sports a distinctive crest. Listen for its loud, repetitive cries in woodlands and forests; somewhat inquisitive, they often approach humans closely, especially in highly visited travel locations, campgrounds, and rest stops where jays have been fed by human visitors.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to 8-25 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a bulky, cup-shaped structure built from twigs, leaves, and mud; and lined with fine rootlets, grass, or pine needles.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 4; 30 mm.; light blue or light greenish-blue in color, and lightly marked with brown.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 16 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 572,
"SPECIES_ID": 5748,
"CLO": 5748,
"SPEC_NAME": "Florida Scrub-Jay",
"LATINNAME": "Aphelocoma coerulescens",
"FAMILY_ID": "CORV",
"STATUS": "Threatened",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "This species was formerly classified (with the Island and Western Scrub-Jays) as the Scrub Jay.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in oak scrub with intermittently scattered pines (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident locally in the Florida peninsula; formerly more widespread, but now declining (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Basic plumage pattern for 'Scrub' Jays include blue head, blue wings, blue tail, a variable amount of white above the eye, grayish underparts with white-streaked throat and bluish breast band, and variably colored grayish or brownish patch on back. The Florida Scrub-Jay features a more lightly colored (whitish-blue) forehead.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Assumed to be similar to Western Scrub-Jay, but clutch size averages 3-4 eggs; incubation averages 16-19 days. Young birds (from previously successful nesting attempts) assist parents in rearing of young for several years.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 573,
"SPECIES_ID": 5749,
"CLO": 5749,
"SPEC_NAME": "Island Scrub-Jay",
"LATINNAME": "Aphelocoma insularis",
"FAMILY_ID": "CORV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "This species was formerly classified (with the Florida and Western Scrub-Jays) as the Scrub Jay.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open oak woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is endemic to Santa Cruz Island (in the Channel Islands of California).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Basic plumage pattern for 'Scrub' Jays include blue head, blue wings, blue tail, a variable amount of white above the eye, grayish underparts with white-streaked throat and bluish breast band, and variably colored grayish or brownish patch on back. The Island Scrub-Jay is larger than the similar Western Scrub-Jay.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Assumed to be similar to Western Scrub-Jay.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 574,
"SPECIES_ID": 5750,
"CLO": 5750,
"SPEC_NAME": "Western Scrub-Jay",
"LATINNAME": "Aphelocoma californica",
"FAMILY_ID": "CORV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.3 ****",
"SECRETS": "The calls of the Western Scrub-Jay and the Steller's Jay are, at first, confusing. Spend time concentrating on the vocalizations of both species; in time, you, too, will be able to easily separate these two species by voice alone!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in brushy or scrubby habitats; also frequents chaparral, pine-oak woodlands, park-like settings, and urban or suburban residential areas; typically in less densely forested areas than habitats preferred by the Steller's Jay.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Two forms are known: a coastal and an interior form. Coastal form is resident from southwestern Washington south through western and central Oregon, California, and northwestern & west-central Nevada to southern Baja California; interior form is resident from southeastern Oregon, southern Idaho, southern Wyoming, western & southern Colorado, and extreme western Oklahoma south to eastern California, southern Arizona, Mexico, and western and central Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Basic plumage pattern for 'Scrub' Jays include blue head, blue wings, blue tail, a variable amount of white above the eye, grayish underparts with white-streaked throat and bluish breast band, and variably colored grayish or brownish patch on back. Coastal form has a darker, richer blue color than the duller interior form.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 2-30 feet above the ground. Nest is a bulky, cup-shaped structure built from twigs and moss and lined with small rootlets and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-7, usually 3-6; 28 mm.; light green with reddish-brown or reddish-green markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 15-17 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 18-19 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 575,
"SPECIES_ID": 5751,
"CLO": 5751,
"SPEC_NAME": "Mexican Jay",
"LATINNAME": "Aphelocoma ultramarina",
"FAMILY_ID": "CORV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Formerly known as Gray-breasted Jay; some may also refer to it as the Arizona Jay.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pine-oak, oak, and juniper woodlands, and along woodland edge; usually in arid to semi-arid environments (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from central Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and western Texas south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Upperparts are blue; underparts are pale gray; lacks white eyebrow and the bluish collar or necklace seen in the Scrub-Jays. Note dark auricular patch.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: May breed in loose communal colonies, in which about 2 pairs breed each year while the remaining birds help raise the young. Nests in trees, generally up to 6-50 feet above the ground. Nest is a bulky, cup-shaped structure built from twigs and small roots and lined with grasses and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 4-5; 30 mm.; grayish-green in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 16-18 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 24-25 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 576,
"SPECIES_ID": 5777,
"CLO": 5777,
"SPEC_NAME": "Green Jay",
"LATINNAME": "Cyanocorax yncas",
"FAMILY_ID": "CORV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forests and along woodland edge; also frequents scrubby woodlands (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from southern Texas south into Mexico and Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Unmistakable; boldly colored with blue, black, green, lemon, and yellow colors.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in loose communal flocks, consisting of closely related individuals; typically, one pair breeds each year, while the other birds help in defense of nesting territory and (in Central America) the rearing of young. Nests in shrubs or trees, generally up to 5-15 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a bulky, cup-shaped structure built from twigs and small roots and lined with mosses, grasses, and leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 27 mm.; buff, grayish-white, or greenish-white in color, with brown or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 17-18 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 19-22 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 577,
"SPECIES_ID": 5778,
"CLO": 5778,
"SPEC_NAME": "Brown Jay",
"LATINNAME": "Psilorhinus morio",
"FAMILY_ID": "CORV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forests and along woodland edge, in somewhat more open situations with scattered trees and hedges, and in second-growth habitats (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from extreme southern Texas south into Mexico and Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note very large size (for a jay); heavy bill; mostly dark brown in color except for pale gray belly and undertail coverts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Complex breeding system, consisting of flocks numbering 6-15 birds; may either have one breeding pair per flock, or a single brood resulting from more than one female; remaining birds help rear the young. Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 23-70 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs and lined with vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-8, usually 3-5; bluish-gray in color and heavily flecked with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 18-20 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 22-31 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 578,
"SPECIES_ID": 5786,
"CLO": 5786,
"SPEC_NAME": "Gray Jay",
"LATINNAME": "Perisoreus canadensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "CORV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.3",
"SECRETS": "This is the species cited most often when we talk of birds as 'camp robbers'; this curious (and notably tame) jay boldly confiscates food and other materials from camp sites. In fact, another name for the Gray Jay is camp robber.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coniferous and mixed deciduous-coniferous forests; also frequents open or partly open woodlands or bog habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from Alaska and northern Yukon east across northern Mackenzie, southwestern Keewatin, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, and northern Quebec east to Labrador and Newfoundland; and south to British Columbia (extending even further south through Washington and Oregon to northern California), Idaho, Utah, east-central Arizona, north-central New Mexico, central Colorado, and southwestern South Dakota; and further east, south to central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, and northern New York east to Nova Scotia (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note short bill; variably dark grayish upperparts, head color varies from pale gray to dark gray or grayish-brown, but always with grayish-white forehead; dusky-gray to light gray underparts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to 4-30 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a bulky, cup-shaped structure built from twigs, bark, mosses, spider's silk, and grasses; and lined with pine needles, grass, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 3-4; 29 mm.; pale gray or pale green (rarely white) in color, with brown and gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 16-18 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 15 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 579,
"SPECIES_ID": 5805,
"CLO": 5805,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-billed Magpie",
"LATINNAME": "Pica pica",
"FAMILY_ID": "CORV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.2 ****",
"SECRETS": "Some authorities consider this species and the similar Yellow-billed Magpie to be representatives of the same species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open areas, usually with scattered trees; in riparian woodlands and open woodlands, or along woodland edge; also frequents agricultural areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends from southern Alaska and southern Yukon east across northern Alberta, central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, and extreme southwestern Ontario to northern Minnesota; and south to east-central California (absent from central valley of California), south-central Nevada, Utah, extreme northeastern Arizona, northern New Mexico, and western Oklahoma. Known to wander, and is irregularly recorded outside of its normal range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note large size, long tail, and black-white-green color pattern. Black bill distinguishes it from closely related Yellow-billed Magpie.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in scattered colonies. Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 5-30 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a very large, bulky, spherical structure built from twigs, mud, small roots, other vegetation, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-13, usually 5-8; 33 mm.; greenish-gray in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 16-21 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 25-29 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 580,
"SPECIES_ID": 5806,
"CLO": 5806,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow-billed Magpie",
"LATINNAME": "Pica nuttalli",
"FAMILY_ID": "CORV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.2",
"SECRETS": "Compared to the Black-billed Magpie, this species is not known to wander; few records exist outside of its normal range, but it may stray north to northern California.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open oak woodlands or oak-savanna habitats; also in riparian woodlands and agricultural areas.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Endemic to California, where it is resident in the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys, as well as in the valleys of the coast ranges from San Francisco south to Santa Barbara County (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note large size, long tail, and black-white-green color pattern. Yellow bill and partial yellow eye ring distinguish it from closely related Black-billed Magpie.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in loose colonies. Nests in trees, generally up to 40-60 feet above the ground. Nest is a large, bulky, spherical structure built from twigs, mud, small roots, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-8, usually 7; 31 mm.; grayish-yellow to pale olive-buff in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 16-18 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 581,
"SPECIES_ID": 5813,
"CLO": 5813,
"SPEC_NAME": "Clark's Nutcracker",
"LATINNAME": "Nucifraga columbiana",
"FAMILY_ID": "CORV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "6.1 ****",
"SECRETS": "A somewhat irruptive species, the Clark's Nutcracker may appear in some winters into areas where it is not normally seen (e.g., along the California coast or in desert habitats).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a variety of habitats ranging from open coniferous forests and forest edge to forest clearings or exposed ridges or mountain faces; usually at high elevations (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from south-central British Columbia, southwestern Alberta, western & central Montana, western and southeastern Wyoming, and southwestern South Dakota south to central and eastern California, Nevada, east-central Arizona, and southern New Mexico. Disjunct populations also exist in northern Baja California and in northern Mexico; known to wander, and is irregularly recorded in all directions away from normal range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Overall grayish in color, except for black wings, white secondaries, and white-and-black tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to 8-50 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs and bark and lined with grasses, pine needles, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 2-4; 32 mm.; light green to grayish-green in color, with brown and gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 16-18 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 18-21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 582,
"SPECIES_ID": 5818,
"CLO": 5818,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eurasian Jackdaw",
"LATINNAME": "Corvus monedula",
"FAMILY_ID": "CORV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open woodlands and in residential areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, and Africa; considered a casual visitor to northeastern North America, where birds first began appearing in 1983; from southern Ontario, southeastern Quebec, and Nova Scotia south to Rhode Island and Pennsylvania. It is thought that most birds are the result of individuals who were assisted by ships across the Atlantic Ocean (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Smaller than American Crow, with pale gray nape and side of face (behind the eye); also note light-colored eyes.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America, but breeding was once suspected in Pennsylvania (A.O.U. 1998).",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 583,
"SPECIES_ID": 5834,
"CLO": 5834,
"SPEC_NAME": "Northwestern Crow",
"LATINNAME": "Corvus caurinus",
"FAMILY_ID": "CORV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.2 **",
"SECRETS": "Much discussion has surrounded the taxonomy of the Northwestern Crow; it is closely related to the American Crow and it may eventually be proven that both crows are representatives of the same species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coastal areas, and also in or near coniferous woodland or along woodland edge; also frequents agricultural areas and urban or suburban environments (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species has a limited distribution, ranging from south coastal and southeastern Alaska south through western British Columbia to northwestern Washington (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Slightly smaller than American Crow; however, best distinguished by geographic range.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Often breeds in small colonies. Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 8-20 or more feet above the ground; but sometimes on ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs and mud; and lined with bark, grass, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-5; 40 mm.; greenish-blue in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that only the female incubates the eggs. Both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 584,
"SPECIES_ID": 5835,
"CLO": 5835,
"SPEC_NAME": "American Crow",
"LATINNAME": "Corvus brachyrhynchos",
"FAMILY_ID": "CORV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.8 ****",
"SECRETS": "The 'caw' of the crow is distinctly different from the low, deep croaks that Common Ravens give; this is yet another way to distinguish these two species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open forests and woodlands, but also frequents residential areas and agricultural areas, and ranges into open or partly open country with scattered trees.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Widespread. Breeding range extends from extreme southeastern Alaska and north-central British Columbia east across southwestern Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario east to Newfoundland; and south (excluding the immediate Pacific coastal area from British Columbia to northwestern Washington) to extreme northwestern Baja California, central Arizona, southern New Mexico, central and southeastern Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida. Northern populations are migratory; generally winters from southern Canada south throughout its breeding range, ranging further south to southern Arizona and the Florida Keys (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black overall, with smaller bill than Common Raven; also note rectangular-shaped tail (compared to raven's wedge-shaped tail). Deep steady wing beats; does not soar as frequently as does Common Raven.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Usually nests in trees, but also in shrubs or even on ground; generally up to 18-60 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from branches and twigs and lined with bark, mosses, roots, leaves, and other materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-9, usually 4-6; 41 mm.; bluish-green to olive-green in color, with brown and gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 18 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 28-35 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 585,
"SPECIES_ID": 5836,
"CLO": 5836,
"SPEC_NAME": "Tamaulipas Crow",
"LATINNAME": "Corvus imparatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "CORV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "This species and the similar Sinaloa Crow, which is restricted to the Pacific coast of Mexico, were once classified as one species: the Mexican Crow.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open and semi-open habitats, with trees and hedges; also frequents cities, towns, and garbage dumps (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident along the Gulf coast from extreme southern Texas (i.e., the Brownsville area) south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note glossy, purplish-black coloration to plumage; smaller than American Crow. Call is a low-pitched croak, different from the 'caw' of the American Crow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 586,
"SPECIES_ID": 5838,
"CLO": 5838,
"SPEC_NAME": "Fish Crow",
"LATINNAME": "Corvus ossifragus",
"FAMILY_ID": "CORV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.4 ***",
"SECRETS": "Range overlaps that of American Crow; in this region of overlap, identification is best made by voice (but note young American Crows sound like Fish Crows!).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: In coastal areas, typically found along beaches, bays, and lagoons; but also in adjacent woodlands and in swamps; further inland, closely associated with major rivers and primary tributaries (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from New York and Massachusetts south along the Atlantic coast to southern Florida; and from there west along the Gulf coast to southern Texas; also ranges inland (along major rivers) to Louisiana, eastern Oklahoma, southeastern Kansas, southeastern Missouri, southern Illinois, southwestern Kentucky and western Tennessee, central Georgia, the Carolinas, central Virginia, central Maryland, eastern West Virginia, and central Pennsylvania (A.O.U. 1998); withdraws from some of these inland areas during the winter.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Slightly smaller than American Crow, but otherwise outwardly similar to that species. Voice is more nasal than American Crow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: May breed in small colonies. Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 6-90 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from sticks and twigs and lined with bark, pine needles, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-5; 37 mm.; green or greenish-blue in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 16-18 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 587,
"SPECIES_ID": 5853,
"CLO": 5853,
"SPEC_NAME": "Chihuahuan Raven",
"LATINNAME": "Corvus cryptoleucus",
"FAMILY_ID": "CORV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.8",
"SECRETS": "Formerly known as the White-necked Raven; this species tends to be more gregarious than Common Raven; however, beware that Common Ravens also form flocks from time to time. Rely on call to identify birds in range of overlap.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open grasslands and scrub habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from south-central and southeastern Arizona, central and northeastern New Mexico, southeastern Colorado, western Kansas, western Oklahoma, and central & southern Texas south into Mexico. Withdraws from northern portion of range in winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Slightly smaller in size than Common Raven (both of these species are nearly identical to one another); base of neck feathers are white (rather than gray), but this field mark is essentially useless in the field except under the most ideal of conditions. Instead, it is recommended that identification be made by voice; although this raven's call also has a croak-like quality, it is higher pitched and less variable than the calls of the Common Raven.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, but also on man-made structures such as windmills; generally up to 4-40 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from thorny twigs (and occasionally even barbed wire) and lined with bark, animal hair, grasses, and other materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-8, usually 5-7; 44 mm.; pale green or grayish-green in color, usually with brown and lavender markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 21 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 30 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 588,
"SPECIES_ID": 5856,
"CLO": 5856,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Raven",
"LATINNAME": "Corvus corax",
"FAMILY_ID": "CORV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "3.2 ****",
"SECRETS": "Based on the behavior of some members of the Corvidae family, some scientists have postulated that birds in this family have evolved mental abilities that are greater than those seen in other birds. The raven has a holarctic distribution.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Frequents a wide variety of habitats, ranging from cities and towns to desert habitats to mountainous or hilly environments; partial to cliff faces, where it prefers to nest (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Widespread. Resident breeding range extends from Greenland and the Canadian arctic south to Alaska and throughout most of Canada; in the west, range continues south to California, Baja California, and Mexico, and throughout the Rocky Mountains to western Oklahoma, western & central Texas, and Montana; further east, range continues south to central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, and New York east to the New England states, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland. Range extends south locally in the Appalachian Mountains to South Carolina and Georgia (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black overall; note comparatively large size and thick, massive bill. Utters a variety of low, guttural, croaks. In flight, wedge-shaped tail and tendency to soar distinguish it from American Crow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on rock ledge of cliff face or in trees; but may also use man-made structures such as utility poles; generally up to 45-80 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a large, bulky, cup-shaped structure built from branches and twigs and lined with bark, animal hair, mosses, grasses, lichens, and other materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 4-6; 50 mm.; pale green or greenish-gray in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 18-21 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 38-44 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 589,
"SPECIES_ID": 6064,
"CLO": 6064,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bell's Vireo",
"LATINNAME": "Vireo bellii",
"FAMILY_ID": "VIRE",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "-3.4 ****",
"SECRETS": "The song of the Bell's Vireo is easily learned: it sounds like a scratchy walky-talky, and is a rapid jumble of notes; each series of notes alternately ends with up- or down-slurred phrases.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in willow and streamside thickets, dense brushy habitats, and scrub oak; usually near water (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, northwestern and east-central Arizona, and southern New Mexico south into Mexico and northern Baja California; further east, breeding range extends from northeastern Colorado, western North Dakota, southeastern Minnesota, southern Wisconsin, northwestern and central Indiana, and southwestern Michigan south to southern and eastern Texas, north-central Louisiana, Arkansas, southwestern Tennessee, southwestern Kentucky, southern Indiana, and western Ohio. Migrates to southern Baja California and Mexico, and south to Central America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Plumage varies from grayish upperparts and whitish underparts (west coast form) to greenish above with yellowish underparts (interior form), with some populations being intermediate between these extremes. Note ill-defined wing bars and spectacles surrounding the eye. Song is a rapid jumble of notes, alternately ending with up and down-slurred phrases.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, generally up to 1-10 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from leaves, bark, and other vegetation and lined with plant down, grasses, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 18 mm.; white in color, sometimes with brown or black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 11-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 590,
"SPECIES_ID": 6065,
"CLO": 6065,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-capped Vireo",
"LATINNAME": "Vireo atricapillus",
"FAMILY_ID": "VIRE",
"STATUS": "Endangered",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in dense thickets and scrub oak, usually on rocky hillsides (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from south-central Kansas, south through west-central Oklahoma and western and central Texas to northern Mexico; generally winters in western and southern Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note black cap (less distinct on female), bold white spectacles, and yellowish wing bars, sides, and flanks.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to 1-15 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from leaves, bark, grasses, and spider' silk and lined with fine grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 18 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14-17 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 591,
"SPECIES_ID": 6067,
"CLO": 6067,
"SPEC_NAME": "Hutton's Vireo",
"LATINNAME": "Vireo huttoni",
"FAMILY_ID": "VIRE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.3",
"SECRETS": "In the western U.S., compare the songs of the Hutton's Vireo with the Oak Titmouse. Note the more persistent and repetitive nature of the Hutton's Vireo song. Hutton's Vireo also has a squealing, whinny-like call.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pine-oak, oak, and riparian woodlands (A.O.U. 1998), often not far from water.\r\n\r\nDistribution: This non-migratory vireo is resident along the west coast from southwestern British Columbia south to northwestern Baja California and locally in southern Baja California; further east, it is resident from central Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and western Texas south into Mexico and Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Ruby-crowned Kinglet; note that Hutton's Vireo lacks the kinglet's black patch below the second wing bar. Also note the thicker bill; lores and eye ring are whitish in color, but eye ring is broken above the eye. Overall color is grayer in southwestern birds, more green in west coast populations.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 6-35 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from moss and spider's silk and lined with fine grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 18 mm.; white in color and lightly marked with brown.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 592,
"SPECIES_ID": 6070,
"CLO": 6070,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-eyed Vireo",
"LATINNAME": "Vireo griseus",
"FAMILY_ID": "VIRE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.2",
"SECRETS": "This persistent singer is often heard long before it is seen; songs include 'chick-chuweo-chick' or 'Stick-it-in-your-ear-chick!'; one study documented 614 different song types for this species!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in dense undergrowth, and in old fields and second-growth areas dominated by a variety of shrubs, young trees, and thickets.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends along the Atlantic coast from southern New York and southern Massachusetts south to southern Florida; and west to central Iowa, eastern Kansas, central Oklahoma, west-central & southern Texas, and Mexico. Generally winters from extreme southeastern Virginia and the southern portions of the Gulf states and central Texas south into Mexico, Central America, and the Bahamas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note the yellowish wash to sides and flanks; wing bars, grayish head, bright eyes (in adults), and yellowish spectacles.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in small trees or shrubs, generally up to 8 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from mosses, lichens, leaves, bark shreds, small sticks, and pieces of wasp nests; and lined with bark strips, fine grasses, plant fibers, plant down, and spider's silk.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 19 mm.; white in color, with dark brown or black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-16 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 593,
"SPECIES_ID": 6074,
"CLO": 6074,
"SPEC_NAME": "Thick-billed Vireo",
"LATINNAME": "Vireo crassirostris",
"FAMILY_ID": "VIRE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous and mangrove forests; also frequents lowland scrub habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to the Bahamas and West Indies; considered a casual visitor to southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Underparts entirely yellow; note also the gray head, black lores, yellowish spectacles, and two prominent wing bars.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 594,
"SPECIES_ID": 6076,
"CLO": 6076,
"SPEC_NAME": "Gray Vireo",
"LATINNAME": "Vireo vicinior",
"FAMILY_ID": "VIRE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "9.0 ***",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in oak-juniper and pinyon-juniper woodlands; also frequents chaparral and scrub habitats; usually in dry or arid situations (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern California, southern Nevada, southern Utah, western and southeastern Colorado, and northwestern and central New Mexico south to northwestern Baja California, central and southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and western Texas south into Mexico; generally winters in central and southern Baja California and western Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Grayish upperparts, pale white underparts; note white eye ring, lores, and two indistinct wing bars. Compare with songs and plumages of Bell's, Hutton's, and Plumbeous Vireos.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 2-8 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from leaves, grasses, bark, plant fibers, and spider's silk; and lined with fine grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 18 mm.; white in color, with brown or black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 13-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 595,
"SPECIES_ID": 6082,
"CLO": 6082,
"SPEC_NAME": "Blue-headed Vireo",
"LATINNAME": "Vireo solitarius",
"FAMILY_ID": "VIRE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Song is a series of deliberate, whistled phrases, with well-defined pauses between each phrase; it may sound as if the vireo is asking and answering its own question as it sings ('Is that you? Oh, yeah').",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open coniferous or mixed coniferous-deciduous forests and woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northeastern British Columbia and southwestern Mackenzie east across most of Alberta, northern Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, northern Ontario, and southern Quebec to Nova Scotia and southwestern Newfoundland; and south to north-central Minnesota, northern Wisconsin, south-central Indiana, south-central Ohio, and eastern Pennsylvania east to Massachusetts; and locally south in the Appalachian Mountains and Piedmont region of the U.S. to central Georgia and the Carolinas. Generally winters from central Texas, southern Arkansas, the northern regions of the Gulf states, and southern Virginia south to Florida and into Cuba, Mexico, and Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Typical plumage features bluish-gray head, white spectacles, yellowish wash on sides and flanks of white breast and belly, and two prominent wing bars.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 4-30 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, forbs, bark and other vegetation, and spider's silk; and lined with fine grasses and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 20 mm.; white to cream-white in color, and lightly marked with brown or black.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 596,
"SPECIES_ID": 6083,
"CLO": 6083,
"SPEC_NAME": "Cassin's Vireo",
"LATINNAME": "Vireo cassinii",
"FAMILY_ID": "VIRE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Formerly classified with the Blue-headed and Plumbeous Vireos as the Solitary Vireo.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open coniferous or mixed coniferous-deciduous woodlands; also frequents pine-oak or oak woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends along the Pacific coast from southern British Columbia south to northern Baja California, and locally in southern Baja California; and east to southwestern Alberta, western Montana, central Idaho, east-central Oregon, northern California and extreme west-central Nevada, and along the west slope of the Sierra Nevada south to the coastal mountains of southern California. Generally winters from northwestern Mexico south to Central America; rarely in the southwestern U.S. or in southwestern California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Blue-headed Vireo, but paler; note grayish head and tinge of yellow on sides and flanks.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest habits, clutch sizes, and incubation/fledging periods assumed to be similar to Blue-headed Vireo.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 597,
"SPECIES_ID": 6084,
"CLO": 6084,
"SPEC_NAME": "Plumbeous Vireo",
"LATINNAME": "Vireo plumbeus",
"FAMILY_ID": "VIRE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Formerly classified with the Blue-headed and Cassin's Vireos as the Solitary Vireo.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open yellow pine or pine-oak forests; also frequents oak-scrub habitats and pinyon-juniper or riparian woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from west-central Nevada, extreme south-central Idaho, northeastern Utah, central & southeastern Montana, southwestern South Dakota, and northwestern Nebraska south throughout the western U.S. (east of the Sierra Nevada mountains and southern California) and into Mexico and Central America; and east to western Texas. In the winter, it is found from the southwestern U.S. and northwestern Mexico south to Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Blue-headed Vireo, but grayer overall; yellow on flanks is absent or present in very small amounts. Well defined wing bars and spectacles separates it from Gray Vireo; but compare the songs of these two species closely.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest habits, clutch sizes, and incubation/fledging periods assumed to be similar to Blue-headed Vireo.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 598,
"SPECIES_ID": 6085,
"CLO": 6085,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow-throated Vireo",
"LATINNAME": "Vireo flavifrons",
"FAMILY_ID": "VIRE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.0 ****",
"SECRETS": "The song of this species closely resembles the Red-eyed Vireo, but has a burrier or hoarser quality to it.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in mature deciduous forests and riparian woodlands; also frequents mixed deciduous-coniferous woodlands with tall trees (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends along the Atlantic coast from northern New Hampshire and southwestern Maine south to central Florida; and west to southeastern Saskatchewan, central North Dakota, eastern South Dakota, eastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, eastern Oklahoma, and west-central Texas and the Gulf coast. Generally winters from extreme southern Florida and Mexico south through the Bahamas, the West Indies, and into northern South America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Combination of white belly and undertail coverts, olive-green head and back, and yellowish upper breast, throat, and spectacles separate this species from other vireos in its range; however, compare with Pine Warbler.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to 3-60 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, bark, lichens, mosses, and spider's silk; and lined with fine grasses or pine needles.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 18 mm.; white, cream, or pinkish-white in color, with brown or lavender markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 599,
"SPECIES_ID": 6086,
"CLO": 6086,
"SPEC_NAME": "Philadelphia Vireo",
"LATINNAME": "Vireo philadelphicus",
"FAMILY_ID": "VIRE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "3.5 *",
"SECRETS": "Each spring, take the time to study the song of the Philadelphia Vireo; it is nearly identical to Red-eyed Vireo's, but is somewhat slower and higher pitched.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open deciduous or mixed deciduous-coniferous woodlands, along woodland edge, and in second-growth habitats or thickets along streams or lakes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northeastern British Columbia and northern Alberta east across northwestern Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, and northern Ontario east to New Brunswick and southwestern Newfoundland; and south to south-central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, north-central North Dakota, the Great Lakes region, and northern New York east to southern Quebec and northern New England. Migrates to Mexico and Central America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Amount of yellow in underparts varies with age and season; adults have yellowish breast and flanks in breeding season, but more yellow in the fall; immatures in the fall also have larger amounts of yellow on underparts. Note combination of no wing bars, olive-green back, grayish head, and facial pattern: white eyebrow, dark eye line and lores. Compare closely with Warbling Vireo and Tennessee Warbler, both of which show varying amounts of yellow on underparts in the fall. Song is similar to Red-eyed Vireo.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to 10-90 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, bark, lichens, and spider's silk; and lined with fine grasses, pine needles, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 19 mm.; white in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 600,
"SPECIES_ID": 6087,
"CLO": 6087,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-eyed Vireo",
"LATINNAME": "Vireo olivaceus",
"FAMILY_ID": "VIRE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.1 ****",
"SECRETS": "Don't overlook the importance of learning the song of this common (if not abundant) woodland vireo; by committing its song to memory, it makes it easier to recognize the songs of the Yellow-throated, Philadelphia, and Blue-headed Vireos.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous and mixed deciduous-coniferous forests, and in riparian or second-growth woodlands; during migration also frequents more open woodland or scrub habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends along the Atlantic coast from Nova Scotia and southern Newfoundland south to southern Florida; and west to west-central and southwestern Mackenzie, southwestern and northeastern British Columbia, northern Oregon, northern Idaho, Wyoming, eastern Colorado, western Oklahoma, eastern and south-central Texas, and the Gulf coast. Migrates to South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note combination of olive-brown back, bluish-gray cap, no wing bars, and distinctive facial pattern: dark eye line and white eyebrow bordered above with another dark line. Red eye is visible when bird is seen at close range or through spotting scope; immature birds have brown eye color. This is a persistent singer; its simplistic set of short phrases may be given repeatedly for what seems like hours on end; some birds may sing many thousands of phrases in one day.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 2-60 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, lichens, bark, small roots, and spider's silk.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 20 mm.; white in color, and lightly marked with black and brown.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 601,
"SPECIES_ID": 6088,
"CLO": 6088,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow-green Vireo",
"LATINNAME": "Vireo flavoviridis",
"FAMILY_ID": "VIRE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "This species was formerly classified as a subspecies of the Red-eyed Vireo.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forest and woodland habitats, including riparian woodlands and along woodland edge (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes Mexico and Central America; rarely southern Texas. Migrates to South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Red-eyed Vireo, but has poorly defined black lines on side of face and has obvious yellow wash on sides, flanks, and undertail coverts; back is also paler, with a olive-yellow hue.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 6-40 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3; white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation lasts approximately 13-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 602,
"SPECIES_ID": 6090,
"CLO": 6090,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-whiskered Vireo",
"LATINNAME": "Vireo altiloquus",
"FAMILY_ID": "VIRE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous, evergreen, and mangrove forests and along woodland edge (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes central and southern Florida, the Bahamas, and the West Indies; it is thought that this species winters in South America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Red-eyed Vireo, but has gray crown and black whisker mark.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 3-20 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from spider's silk, grasses, lichens, and other vegetation; and lined with fine grass, animal hair, and pine needles.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-3, usually 3; 21 mm.; white in color, with small brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 603,
"SPECIES_ID": 6091,
"CLO": 6091,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yucatan Vireo",
"LATINNAME": "Vireo magister",
"FAMILY_ID": "VIRE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in scrubby woodland and along woodland edge; also frequents mangrove forests (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to the Cayman Islands, and the Yucatan peninsula south into Central America and adjacent islands; considered accidental in southeastern Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Grayish-olive upperparts, pale white underparts, bold white eyebrow, and dark eye line.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 604,
"SPECIES_ID": 6092,
"CLO": 6092,
"SPEC_NAME": "Warbling Vireo",
"LATINNAME": "Vireo gilvus",
"FAMILY_ID": "VIRE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.2 ****",
"SECRETS": "The key to remembering the song of the Warbling Vireo (especially of eastern birds) is that it sounds somewhat like this: 'If I see you, I'll seize you, and squeeze you until you pop!' Compare to song of Purple Finch.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open deciduous or mixed deciduous-coniferous woodlands, in riparian forests and thickets, and in a variety of more open, park-like situations (A.O.U. 1998); usually near water.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds throughout the United States except southeast California, southwest Arizona, central Texas, and the extreme southeastern U.S. In Canada (and Alaska), breeding range extends from southeastern Alaska and northern British Columbia east across west-central and southwestern Mackenzie, northern Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, western and southern Ontario, and extreme southwestern Quebec east to New Brunswick. Migrates to Mexico and Central America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998). Two subspecies are known, and the well-tuned ear can hear the differences (vocally) between western and eastern birds; some scientists treat them as two separate species.\r\n\r\nField Marks: This drab vireo is best identified on the basis of its dullness: gray or olive gray upperparts and white underparts, lack of wing bars, white eyebrow, and dark eye line (mostly in back of eye; compare with Philadelphia Vireo). In the fall, compare also with Tennessee Warbler, especially since yellowish wash may appear on the sides and flanks of Warbling Vireos at this time of year.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 4-60 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from bark, leaves, grasses, and other vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 19 mm.; white in color, with brown and black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 16 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 605,
"SPECIES_ID": 6113,
"CLO": 6113,
"SPEC_NAME": "Brown Shrike",
"LATINNAME": "Lanius cristatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "LANI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous and coniferous woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia and India; considered casual or accidental in Alaska and California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Reddish-brown crown, back, wings, and tail; black mask bordered above by narrow white eyebrow and below by white throat; underparts are buffy-brown; female similar, with dusky vermiculations on sides of breast and flanks.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 606,
"SPECIES_ID": 6122,
"CLO": 6122,
"SPEC_NAME": "Loggerhead Shrike",
"LATINNAME": "Lanius ludovicianus",
"FAMILY_ID": "LANI",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "-3.6 ****",
"SECRETS": "Although the Loggerhead Shrike expanded into the Great Lakes region, New England, and eastern Canada during the 19th century, its populations in these areas has experienced significant declines in the last 70-80 years (Lefranc 1997).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: This species breeds on lowland plains or gently rolling hills, usually below an elevation of 2000 m, where it is found in semi-open country typified by areas with short-grass and bare soil; also usually present are thorny shrubs or low-hanging trees. These conditions are present in a variety of situations, ranging from agricultural farmlands and pastures to desert scrub, residential areas, old fields, or orchards (Lefranc 1997).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from California (except northwestern corner of state) north to eastern Oregon, eastern Washington, and central Alberta; and from there east to central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, Minnesota, southern Ontario, southwestern Quebec, and Pennsylvania; and south to southern Baja California, Mexico, Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida. Generally winters from central Washington, southern Nevada, Utah, southern Colorado, and southern Kansas east to Illinois, central Ohio, and Virginia; and south throughout its breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Gray, black, and white plumage features black tail edged with white, black wings with a central white wing patch, and grayish upperparts with a black facial mask that connects over the base of the bill. Bill is not as large or obviously hooked as in Northern Shrike.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 3-30 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a bulky, cup-shaped structure built from twigs and lined with small roots, grasses, animal hair, and other materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-7, usually 5-6; 24 mm.; grayish-buff in color, with gray, brown, or black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 16-17 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 17-21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 607,
"SPECIES_ID": 6123,
"CLO": 6123,
"SPEC_NAME": "Northern Shrike",
"LATINNAME": "Lanius excubitor",
"FAMILY_ID": "LANI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The Latin meaning of 'Lanius' is butcher; 'excubitor' is translated as watchman or sentinel. Therefore, the N. Shrike could be called the watchful butcher. Shrikes impale their prey on thorns or spikes, hence their genus name.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: The Northern Shrike breeds in areas of dense coniferous or deciduous woodlands interspersed with open areas; including taiga habitats, open birch woods, and forests surrounding bogs; also frequents riparian shrubs in northern Alaska. In winter or during migration, may be found in semi-desert situations, savanna grasslands, or in cultivated lands (A.O.U. 1998; Lefranc 1997). May also reside near bird feeders during the winter months, where it periodically finds a meal.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and northern Yukon east across northwestern and southern Mackenzie and southwestern Keewatin; and south to northwestern British Columbia, northern Alberta, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, northern & central Quebec, and southern Labrador. Movements are variable in the winter, when it is typically found in central Alaska and from the southern portions of its breeding range in Canada south to northern California, central Nevada, northern Arizona, central New Mexico, northern Texas, the mid-Western states, and the Great Lakes region east to Pennsylvania and New Jersey; casually further south, especially in irruptive years (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Gray, black, and white plumage features black tail edged with white, whitish rump, black wings with a central white wing patch, and pale grayish upperparts with a black facial mask that does not connect over the base of the bill. Note also gray underparts, usually with noticeable vermiculated barring on breast, sides, and flanks. Immature birds are brownish-gray, with heavily vermiculated underparts; this plumage is retained until the following spring. Bill is larger and more obviously hooked than in Loggerhead Shrike.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 5-20 feet above the ground. Nest is a bulky, cup-shaped structure built from twigs, grass, bark, moss, feathers, and animal hair; and lined with small roots, animal hair, and feathers (Lefranc 1997).\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-9, usually 4-6; 27 mm.; grayish-white or greenish-white in color, with brown and lavender markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 17 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 19-21 days old (Lefranc 1997).",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 608,
"SPECIES_ID": 6233,
"CLO": 6233,
"SPEC_NAME": "Gray Silky-flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Ptilogonys cinereus",
"FAMILY_ID": "BOMB",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pine-oak and pine-evergreen forests and along woodland edge (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico and Central America; considered accidental in southern Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Male is bluish-gray, with yellowish belly and undertail coverts; note white band across base of outer tail feathers. Female is mostly gray, with yellowish undertail coverts. Both species have a slight crest and white eye ring.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 609,
"SPECIES_ID": 6235,
"CLO": 6235,
"SPEC_NAME": "Phainopepla",
"LATINNAME": "Phainopepla nitens",
"FAMILY_ID": "BOMB",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.6 *",
"SECRETS": "At a distance, Phainopeplas resemble Common Starlings; however, look for the crest and comparatively long tail, which are tell-tale signs that it's a Phainopepla.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Presence is often tied to mistletoe which it uses for nests and food; found in a variety of habitats ranging from desert washes and mesquite to juniper and oak woodlands; also frequents riparian woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northern interior California, southern Nevada, southern Utah, southern New Mexico, and western Texas south into Mexico; withdraws from northern portions of its range in the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note reddish eyes and conspicuous crest; male is glossy black, while the female is more grayish in color. In flight, exhibits flashy white wing patch.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 4-50 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, plant fibers, and spider's silk and lined with wool, animal hair, and plant down.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 2-3; 22 mm.; grayish-white in color, with brown and black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 19-20 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 610,
"SPECIES_ID": 6237,
"CLO": 6237,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bohemian Waxwing",
"LATINNAME": "Bombycilla garrulus",
"FAMILY_ID": "BOMB",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "In the winter, especially during irruption years and when food is available, large flocks of several hundred birds may form.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in muskeg habitats, along forest edge, and in open coniferous or deciduous forests; also may frequent mixed coniferous-deciduous woodlands. During migration and in winter, look for it in park-like settings or residential areas, where it is especially found of fruit-bearing trees or shrubs (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and northern Yukon east across northwestern and southern Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario east to extreme west-central Quebec; and south to interior British Columbia, northern Washington, northern Idaho, northwestern Montana, and southwestern Alberta. Winter distribution extends from southern portions of Alaska and northern British Columbia east across southwestern Mackenzie, central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, and central Ontario east to Nova Scotia and Newfoundland; and south (with numbers and extent of southern incursions varying widely each year) to southern California, northern Arizona, northern New Mexico, northern Texas, Oklahoma, northwestern Arkansas, southern Illinois, and central Indiana east to Pennsylvania and New Jersey (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Larger than Cedar Waxwing; note white and yellow markings on wings, and rufous undertail coverts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to 4-50 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, grasses, and lichens and lined with fine grasses, mosses, pine needles, and other materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 4-6; 25 mm.; light blue in color, with black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and that both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 13-16 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 611,
"SPECIES_ID": 6239,
"CLO": 6239,
"SPEC_NAME": "Cedar Waxwing",
"LATINNAME": "Bombycilla cedrorum",
"FAMILY_ID": "BOMB",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.7 ****",
"SECRETS": "The Cedar Waxwing's unobtrusive, tremulous whistle-like call is given both by perched and flying birds; compare flocks of birds in flight with flocks of Starlings.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in orchards, park-like situations, and along forest edge or in open woodland habitats; in migration and winter, frequently found near concentrations of fruit-bearing trees or shrubs (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern Alaska and central British Columbia east across northern Alberta, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario east to Nova Scotia and Newfoundland; and south to northern California, northern Utah, Colorado, western Oklahoma, Kansas, northwestern Arkansas, central Missouri, southern Illinois, east-central Mississippi, northern Alabama, northern Georgia, and South Carolina; generally winters from southern Canada (north to central Alberta & Saskatchewan) south throughout the U.S., Mexico, and Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: The beauty of the Cedar Waxwing is unmistakable; note yellowish belly, white undertail coverts, and conspicuous crest; compare wing color pattern and undertail coverts with Bohemian Waxwing.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: May breed in colonies. Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 6-50 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, grasses, and mosses and lined with fine grass, moss, small roots, animal hair, and pine needles.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 3-5; 22 mm.; light gray or bluish-gray in color, with black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 16 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 612,
"SPECIES_ID": 6243,
"CLO": 6243,
"SPEC_NAME": "American Dipper",
"LATINNAME": "Cinclus mexicanus",
"FAMILY_ID": "CINL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.9",
"SECRETS": "The American Dipper, in its habits and behavior (it can even walk under water!) can be viewed as the western equivalent of the Louisiana Waterthrush, which inhabits rock-bottom streams in the eastern U.S.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in rock-bottom mountain streams and rivers with fast currents and exposed rocks and boulders; also at edge of montane lakes or ponds (A.O.U. 1998); may occur at lower elevations in the winter.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends along western North America from Alaska south to southern California; and east to north-central Yukon, west-central Alberta, western Montana, southwestern South Dakota, and southern New Mexico; also found in the mountains of Mexico and Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: The American Dipper is easily recognized by its dumpy appearance, overall dark grayish plumage, and its tendency to bob up and down on exposed rocks or boulders near the water's edge. Song is long and loud, and can easily be heard above the roar of mountain streams.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Usually nests on rock ledge against a cliff or behind waterfall. Nest is a bulky, oven-shaped structure with a side entrance; it is built from mosses and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 26 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-17 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 18-25 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 613,
"SPECIES_ID": 6281,
"CLO": 6281,
"SPEC_NAME": "Varied Thrush",
"LATINNAME": "Zoothera naevia",
"FAMILY_ID": "TURD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.8",
"SECRETS": "The Varied Thrush is known to wander to locations far east of its normal range; one pauses to wonder how common this behavior actually is, since eastern flocks of wintering robins may number in the 1000's and hide wintering Varied Thrushes.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in moist coniferous or deciduous forests, typically with dense understory; may also occur in shady areas of more open woodland or chaparral habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends along the Pacific coast from Alaska south to extreme northwestern California; and east to northern Yukon, northwestern and western Mackenzie, west-central Alberta, and northwestern Montana. Generally winters from southern Alaska south to northern Baja California; and east to northern Idaho, Utah, and Arizona (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note dark breast band and reddish-orange wing bars and eyebrow. Males have stunning bluish-gray upperparts; females are browner. Wing bars, conspicuous on perched bird, can also be seen on birds in flight high overhead. Song is a series of variously-pitched, protracted trills; call note is similar to Hermit Thrush's 'chuck' note, but more emphatic.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to 9-25 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, leaves, mosses, bark, and mud; and lined with leaves and dry grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 3-4; 30 mm.; light blue in color, with a few brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 614,
"SPECIES_ID": 6282,
"CLO": 6282,
"SPEC_NAME": "Aztec Thrush",
"LATINNAME": "Zoothera pinicola",
"FAMILY_ID": "TURD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pine and pine-oak forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico; considered a casual visitor to southeastern Arizona and Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Mostly grayish-brown, with white belly, white wing patches, white uppertail coverts, and dark tail with broad white terminal edge.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 615,
"SPECIES_ID": 6308,
"CLO": 6308,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eastern Bluebird",
"LATINNAME": "Sialia sialis",
"FAMILY_ID": "TURD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.4 ****",
"SECRETS": "You, too, can make a difference: contact your local Audubon Club to learn more about bluebird nest box trails in your area; remember, nest boxes should be cleaned out at the end of each year.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open woodlands, in park-like habitats, and on farmlands with scattered trees.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends along the Atlantic coast from New Brunswick and southwestern Nova Scotia south to southern Florida; and west to southern Saskatchewan, eastern Montana, eastern Wyoming, northeastern Colorado, western Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas (including the Gulf coast) west to southwestern New Mexico & southeastern Arizona and south into Mexico; generally winters from the middle portions of its U.S. breeding range southward (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Key field marks are the bluish upperparts, reddish breast and throat (females have white or pale rust-colored throats), and white belly. Compare with Western Bluebird, which has a blue throat (grayish in females).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in natural or man-made cavities, generally up to 3-20 feet above the ground. Nest is built from twigs, pine needles, and grasses and is lined with fine grasses, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-7, usually 4-5; 21 mm.; light blue or white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 15-20 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 616,
"SPECIES_ID": 6309,
"CLO": 6309,
"SPEC_NAME": "Western Bluebird",
"LATINNAME": "Sialia mexicana",
"FAMILY_ID": "TURD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.3",
"SECRETS": "Like its cousin, the Eastern Bluebird, Western Bluebird also readily nest in man-made nest boxes; these boxes also aid other species as well, including Tree or Violet-green Swallows.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open woodlands, in savanna-like habitats or agricultural areas with scattered trees, in riparian woodlands, and in park-like habitats.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends along the Pacific coast from southern British Columbia south to northern Baja California; and east to southern Alberta, central-western Saskatchewan, western Montana, western & southern Nevada, southern Utah, north-central Colorado, western & southeastern Arizona, central New Mexico, and western Texas; also breeds south into Mexico. Generally winters in southern Oregon east to western Montana, and south throughout its breeding range and eastward to central Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Key field marks are the dark bluish upperparts, reddish breast contrasting with blue throat (grayish in females), and grayish-white belly. Compare with Eastern Bluebird, which has a chestnut-colored throat (may also be white in some females).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in natural or man-made cavities, generally up to about 2-50 feet above the ground. Nest is built from twigs, grass, pine needles, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-8, usually 4-6; 21 mm.; light blue.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 617,
"SPECIES_ID": 6310,
"CLO": 6310,
"SPEC_NAME": "Mountain Bluebird",
"LATINNAME": "Sialia currucoides",
"FAMILY_ID": "TURD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.3 ****",
"SECRETS": "The Mountain Bluebird is usually found breeding at high elevations, usually above 5000-7000 feet; when feeding, it frequently hovers in the air in search of prey.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in meadows and grasslands with scattered trees; also frequents pinyon-juniper, aspen, or coniferous woodlands, and sagebrush plains; during migration and in winter, also in agricultural fields and brushy areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends in western North America from east-central Alaska and southern Yukon south (in the mountains) to south-central and eastern California; and east to north-central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, northwestern Minnesota, northeastern North Dakota, western South Dakota, western Nebraska, central Oklahoma, and southern New Mexico. Generally winters from the northwestern U.S. east to western Montana and south to northern Baja California, Mexico, and southern Texas; occasionally further east (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Male's beautiful sky-blue plumage is easily recognized; female is paler, and lacks rusty colors of other bluebirds.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in natural or man-made cavities, generally up to about 2-50 feet above the ground. Nest is built from twigs, pine needles, grasses, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-8, usually 5-6; 22 mm.; light blue, occasionally white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 22-23 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 618,
"SPECIES_ID": 6316,
"CLO": 6316,
"SPEC_NAME": "Townsend's Solitaire",
"LATINNAME": "Myadestes townsendi",
"FAMILY_ID": "TURD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.2",
"SECRETS": "Although this species is known to wander widely, its resemblance to Northern Mockingbirds should be noted: this avoids mistaking mockingbirds for this species, or overlooking this species in the belief it is a mockingbird.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open coniferous woodlands of montane or subalpine habitats. During winter, also frequents riparian and pinyon-juniper woodlands, and chaparral or desert habitats; is especially fond of hillsides covered with juniper trees (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: In western North America, breeding range extends from Alaska south to south-central California; and east to north-central Yukon, west-central and southwestern Mackenzie, southern Alberta, southwestern Saskatchewan, southwestern South Dakota, northwestern Nebraska, and southern New Mexico. Generally winters from southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, Montana, and central North Dakota south to northern Baja California, and into Mexico; and east to western Missouri, western Oklahoma, and western Texas; known to wander east of breeding/winter range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Overall dull grayish-brown; note white eye ring, and buffy-brown wing patches. In flight, also exhibits white outer tail feathers. Warbling song is complicated, long, and resembles a cross between Purple Finch and Black-headed Grosbeak.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, grasses, bark, pine needles, and small roots; and lined with grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 24 mm.; dull white, light blue, or light pink in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 619,
"SPECIES_ID": 6334,
"CLO": 6334,
"SPEC_NAME": "Veery",
"LATINNAME": "Catharus fuscescens",
"FAMILY_ID": "TURD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.4 ****",
"SECRETS": "Of all the Catharus thrushes, this species tends to be the most difficult to see, due to its preference for dense undergrowth on the breeding grounds and during migration.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in second-growth habitats, dense thickets near water, in poplar and aspen woodlands, and in wet, swampy forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern interior British Columbia and central Alberta east across central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, central Ontario, and south-central Quebec east to Nova Scotia and southwestern Newfoundland; and south to central Oregon, northeastern Nevada, northern Utah, south-central Colorado, northeastern South Dakota, Iowa, and central Illinois east to central New Jersey and Maryland; and locally south in the Appalachian Mountains to Tennessee, North Carolina, and Georgia. Migrates to South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Reddish-brown upperparts and lack of bold spotting on breast separate it from Hermit and Wood Thrushes. However, in the west, close comparisons should be made with Swainson's Thrush. Song is a rapidly descending series of ethereal notes. Call note, 'veer', is frequently heard on the breeding grounds.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground or in shrubs, generally up to 6 feet above the ground. Nest is built from leaves, twigs, moss, grasses, and bark, and is lined with dry grasses & leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 23 mm.; light blue.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 10-12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 620,
"SPECIES_ID": 6335,
"CLO": 6335,
"SPEC_NAME": "Gray-cheeked Thrush",
"LATINNAME": "Catharus minimus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TURD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "During the spring migration, it is very uncommon to see more Gray-cheekeds than Swainson's Thrushes; by far, the Gray-cheeked is the less common of the two species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in boreal coniferous forests, taiga habitats, and in willow-alder scrub thickets (A.O.U. 1998). In migration, found in a variety of forests and open woodland situations, and in park-like habitats.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and northern Yukon east across northern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, northern Quebec, and Labrador east to Newfoundland; and south to northwestern British Columbia, northeastern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, extreme northern Ontario, and central Quebec. Migrates to Central and South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Grayish-brown upperparts, spotting on breast, and distinctly gray cheek are good field marks for this species; note indistinct eye ring (compare with similar Swainson's Thrush). Song is similar to Veery's, perhaps more nasal, and tending to spiral downward (but may rise upward at very end).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground or in shrubs, generally up to 20 feet above the ground. Nest is built from leaves, grasses, mud, sedges, bark, and moss.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 3-5; 23 mm.; light greenish-blue to light blue in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 11-13 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 621,
"SPECIES_ID": 6336,
"CLO": 6336,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bicknell's Thrush",
"LATINNAME": "Catharus bicknelli",
"FAMILY_ID": "TURD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Formerly classified as a subspecies of the Gray-cheeked Thrush.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in high-elevation stunted coniferous and deciduous forests (A.O.U. 1998). In migration, found in a variety of forests and open woodland situations, and in park-like habitats.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island; and extends to the New England states of western Massachusetts, central and northern Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine; also eastern New York. Migrates to the West Indies for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Very similar to Gray-cheeked Thrush, but upperparts tend to be olive-brown, and face has paler lores; however, these two species may not be separable in the field, except by distributional breeding ranges which do not overlap. Compare also with Swainson's Thrush and Veery.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest habits, clutch sizes, and incubation/fledging periods assumed to be similar to Gray-cheeked Thrush.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 622,
"SPECIES_ID": 6337,
"CLO": 6337,
"SPEC_NAME": "Swainson's Thrush",
"LATINNAME": "Catharus ustulatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TURD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.3",
"SECRETS": "In migration, Swainson's Thrushes hidden in dense thickets or woods give a 'wup' call, much different from the call notes of other thrushes.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in coniferous woodlands, aspen-poplar forests, and dense scrub, undergrowth, or riparian thickets; in migration, can also be found in a variety of forests and open woodland situations, and in park-like habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and central Yukon east across western Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, north-central Manitoba, northern Ontario, and central Quebec east to southern Labrador and Newfoundland; and south (in western North America) to southern California, central Nevada, central Arizona, and northern New Mexico, extending east to extreme northwestern Nebraska, eastern Wyoming, southwestern South Dakota, and central Montana. Further east, breeding range extends south to southwestern and central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, and northern Pennsylvania east to Massachusetts. Also breeds in eastern West Virginia and western Virginia. Migrates to Mexico, Central America, and South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Upperparts are olive-brown, distinguishing it from Hermit Thrush. Note conspicuous eye ring. Along the west coast, there occurs a subspecies that is more reddish-brown on the upperparts; compare closely with Veery. Song is an upward-spiraling set of flute-like phrases.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 2-20 or more feet above the ground. Nest is built from twigs, sedges, leaves, bark, and other vegetation; and is lined with leaves, lichens, and small roots.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 3-4; 22 mm.; light blue in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10-13 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 623,
"SPECIES_ID": 6338,
"CLO": 6338,
"SPEC_NAME": "Hermit Thrush",
"LATINNAME": "Catharus guttatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TURD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.5 ****",
"SECRETS": "In addition to the blackbird-like 'chuck' note, the Hermit Thrush has another call that sounds somewhat like the squeal of an Eastern Towhee; compare these two calls closely to learn their subtle differences.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a variety of forested habitats; during migration and winter, may also frequent chaparral, scrubby areas, and residential areas or park-like habitats with dense undergrowth.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from western and central Alaska and southern Yukon east across southern Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, and central Quebec east to southern Labrador and Newfoundland; and south (in western North America, including the Rockies) to south-central & eastern California, southern Nevada, central & southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and extreme western Texas. Further east, breeding range extends south to southwestern and central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, and central Pennsylvania east to western Maryland and southern New Jersey. Also breeds in the Appalachian Mountains south to Tennessee and North Carolina. Generally winters (with increasing frequency as one moves south) from southwestern British Columbia, the northern U.S., southern Ontario, and the New England area south to southern Baja California, Mexico, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Olive-brown or grayish-brown back and head always contrast with rufous tail; tail is occasionally quickly raised and slowly lowered. Although it has an eye ring, contrast between back and tail separate it from Swainson's Thrush. Song is flute-like and suggests Wood Thrush but can easily be told from that species by the prolonged introductory note.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, but may occasionally use tree -- generally up to 8 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, bark, grasses, ferns, and mosses; and is lined with pine needles, small roots, and other vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4; 22 mm.; light blue or greenish-blue in color, sometimes with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 624,
"SPECIES_ID": 6339,
"CLO": 6339,
"SPEC_NAME": "Wood Thrush",
"LATINNAME": "Catharus mustelinus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TURD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.8 ****",
"SECRETS": "The Wood Thrush is one of many species that are now suffering from the fragmentation of eastern forests and the associated increase in brood-parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous forests and woodlands; also frequents mixed deciduous-coniferous woodlands, and park-like or suburban habitats with a dense understory layer (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range along the Atlantic coast extends from western Nova Scotia, southern New Brunswick, and southwestern Maine south to northern Florida; and west to southeastern North Dakota, eastern South Dakota, central Nebraska, central Kansas, eastern Oklahoma, and east-central Texas (including the Gulf coast). Migrates to Mexico, Central America, and South America in the winter, when it may also be found in southern Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Upperparts are the direct opposite of the Hermit Thrush: lower back and tail are olive brown, while head and nape are bright rufous. Spots on breast extend down onto belly and are larger than on any of the other North American thrushes. Flute-like song consists of 3-5 notes, each on a different pitch, and ends with a more complex, musical trill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, generally up to 6-50 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from leaves, grasses, mud, and mosses, and lined with small roots.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 3-4; 25 mm.; light blue or bluish-green in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 625,
"SPECIES_ID": 6362,
"CLO": 6362,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eyebrowed Thrush",
"LATINNAME": "Turdus obscurus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TURD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in woodlands, usually near water; also frequents farmlands and scrub habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia and India; in migration, may be found in the western Aleutian Islands, occasionally further east in Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Olive-brown back, wings, and tail; grayish head and throat, buffy-orange sides and flanks; white belly. Note white eyebrow, for which this species is named.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 626,
"SPECIES_ID": 6367,
"CLO": 6367,
"SPEC_NAME": "Dusky Thrush",
"LATINNAME": "Turdus naumanni",
"FAMILY_ID": "TURD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in taiga habitats, and in forests and woodlands; in migration and winter, also frequents farmlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia and India; considered a casual visitor to Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Plumage pattern suggests Varied Thrush, but the colors are all different: note white eyebrow; scaly black-and-white appearance to breast and sides; dark upper breast band; and rufous coloration throughout wings.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 627,
"SPECIES_ID": 6368,
"CLO": 6368,
"SPEC_NAME": "Fieldfare",
"LATINNAME": "Turdus pilaris",
"FAMILY_ID": "TURD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along woodland edge, on brushy and rocky slopes, and in riparian thickets; in migration and winter, also frequents open country and agricultural areas near woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes southern Greenland; also breeds in Asia and Europe; in winter, may also be found in India and Africa. Considered casual or accidental in Alaska, Canada, and the northern U.S. (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Pale-colored bill with a dark tip; mostly gray upperparts, with brown scaling on upper back and darker grayish-black tail. Belly white, with dark streaking on sides of breast; streaking is more densely concentrated on upper breast.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from straw and mud.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-8, usually 5-6; grayish-green or light bluish-green in color, with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 628,
"SPECIES_ID": 6369,
"CLO": 6369,
"SPEC_NAME": "Redwing",
"LATINNAME": "Turdus iliacus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TURD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in taiga habitats, in woodlands, and in moist thickets; in winter, also frequents agricultural fields and pastures (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe and Asia; considered a casual visitor to Newfoundland; may have also occurred in New York in 1959 (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: White eyebrow, black moustache, brownish upperparts, and pale white underparts with brown streaking and reddish flanks. In flight, wing linings show a deep red color.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 629,
"SPECIES_ID": 6397,
"CLO": 6397,
"SPEC_NAME": "Clay-colored Robin",
"LATINNAME": "Turdus grayi",
"FAMILY_ID": "TURD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The nest and song of this species closely resemble those of the American Robin.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open and semi-open areas, usually with hedges and scattered trees; also along forest edge (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico, Central America, and South America; occasionally breeds in southern Texas. Otherwise, considered a casual visitor to south-central and coastal Texas, and it may also (rarely) winter in southern Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Olive-brown upperparts and tawny-buff underparts identify this thrush-like bird; note straw-colored bill and streaked throat.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 5-12 feet above the ground. Nest is a bulky, cup-shaped structure that closely resembles an American Robin's nest.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4; light blue, grayish-blue, or bluish-green in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation lasts approximately 12 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 630,
"SPECIES_ID": 6402,
"CLO": 6402,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-throated Thrush",
"LATINNAME": "Turdus assimilis",
"FAMILY_ID": "TURD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "White-throated Robin",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested areas and along forest edge; also frequents plantations (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico, Central America, and South America; considered accidental in southern Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Bill color varies from gray to dull yellow. Legs, likewise, vary from gray to yellow. Upperparts vary from light, grayish-brown to dark brown; in both instances contrasting with light gray underparts. Whitish throat has dark brown streakings.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 631,
"SPECIES_ID": 6404,
"CLO": 6404,
"SPEC_NAME": "Rufous-backed Robin",
"LATINNAME": "Turdus rufopalliatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TURD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Whenever this rare vagrant appears, it generates lots of tourist dollars: the most hardcore birders have been known to catch the next available flight to the state in which this bird has recently been found!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested areas and along forest edge; also frequents plantations and gardens (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico; considered a casual visitor to California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: White belly; orange breast, sides, and flanks; grayish head, wings, lower back, and tail. Note broad, rufous patch on upper back; also rufous wing coverts. Pale-colored bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 632,
"SPECIES_ID": 6407,
"CLO": 6407,
"SPEC_NAME": "American Robin",
"LATINNAME": "Turdus migratorius",
"FAMILY_ID": "TURD",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.8 ****",
"SECRETS": "The image of the robin is familiar to most anyone who has expressed even a passing interest in birds. Its spring flights are frequently regarded as a sign of the returning warm weather and the end of winter.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in woodlands and along woodland edge, in park-like situations, and in urban or suburban areas; in winter, frequents an even wider diversity of habitats, including areas where fruit-bearing trees or shrubs are present (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Widespread; breeds throughout Canada (except in the Arctic islands), Alaska, and the lower 48 states (except southern Florida and southwestern Arizona); range extends south into northern Baja California and Mexico. Generally winters from southern Alaska and the southern edges of Canada south (with increasing frequency as one moves south) throughout the U.S. to southern Baja California, Mexico, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Red to reddish-orange breast, white lower belly and undertail coverts, brownish-gray upperparts; male's head is darker than female. Also note the yellowish bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to 5-20 or more feet above the ground; may also nest in shrubs, on the ground, or even on man-made structures (e.g., roof gutter). Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, grass, and mud, and lined with fine grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 4; 28 mm.; light blue, sometimes with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14-16 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 633,
"SPECIES_ID": 6422,
"CLO": 6422,
"SPEC_NAME": "Gray Catbird",
"LATINNAME": "Dumetella carolinensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "MIMI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.3 ***",
"SECRETS": "Catbirds sometimes linger late in the fall north of their known wintering range; usually such birds are found feeding on the remaining crop of fruit-bearing shrubs or trees.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in hedgerows and in dense brushy areas and thickets, including urban & suburban areas with dense understory, as well as dense thickets and shrubs along woodland edge (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Atlantic coast, breeding range extends from Nova Scotia and Newfoundland south to northern Florida; and west to southern British Columbia, eastern Washington, northeastern Oregon, southern Idaho, north-central Utah, central & northeastern Arizona, central New Mexico, and north-central & eastern Texas (including the Gulf states). Generally winters from north-central & eastern Texas, the central regions of the Gulf states, central Georgia, and along the immediate Atlantic coastal area (from New England south) south to Mexico, Central America, the Bahamas, and the West Indies (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Overall gray color, with dark bill, black cap, and reddish undertail coverts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, generally up to 3-10 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, grass, and leaves, and lined with pine needles, small roots, bark, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 4; 24 mm.; dark greenish-blue in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10-11 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 634,
"SPECIES_ID": 6423,
"CLO": 6423,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black Catbird",
"LATINNAME": "Melanoptila glabrirostris",
"FAMILY_ID": "MIMI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in scrubby woodlands and along forest edge (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico and Central America; considered accidental in southern Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Gray Catbird, but entirely black.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 635,
"SPECIES_ID": 6426,
"CLO": 6426,
"SPEC_NAME": "Northern Mockingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Mimus polyglottos",
"FAMILY_ID": "MIMI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.9 ****",
"SECRETS": "Because it has had a famous movie named after it, and because it sings at night, most people (birders and non-birders alike) are familiar with this mimic; spend some time identifying the different birds it imitates in your area.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a variety of open or semi-open habitats with scattered trees or shrubs, along forest edge, and in urban or suburban areas with scrubby thickets.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Atlantic coast, breeding range extends from the New England area south to southern Florida; and west to southern Michigan, southwestern South Dakota, and northern California; and from there south to southern Baja California, Mexico, Texas, and the Gulf coast; irregularly found north of this range in breeding season. Withdraws from northern portions of range in the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Grayish-white plumage overall, with darker wings and tail. Note white wing patches and white outer tail feathers, both of which are flashed in flight. Tail is swished and swayed in various directions as bird perches, displays, or flies from one perch to another. Song is given throughout the summer, even on the hottest of days, and frequently at night (often to the annoyance of nearby residents).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, generally up to 1-50 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, leaves, paper, and other materials; and lined with grasses and small roots.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 3-5; 24 mm.; bluish or greenish in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 11-13 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 636,
"SPECIES_ID": 6428,
"CLO": 6428,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bahama Mockingbird",
"LATINNAME": "Mimus gundlachii",
"FAMILY_ID": "MIMI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in scrubby habitats and second-growth areas, and along forest edge (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to the Bahamas and West Indies; considered a casual to regular visitor to southern Florida.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Slightly larger than Northern Mockingbird; note streaked, grayish-brown back, pale gray underparts with streaking on sides and flanks, and two whitish wing bars (no white wing patches as in Northern Mockingbird).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 637,
"SPECIES_ID": 6440,
"CLO": 6440,
"SPEC_NAME": "Sage Thrasher",
"LATINNAME": "Oreoscoptes montanus",
"FAMILY_ID": "MIMI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.5",
"SECRETS": "The Sage Thrasher is known to wander east of its normal range; oftentimes, these vagrants are found in scrubby thickets or large grassy or shrubby fields where the bird presumably goes to roost at night.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in plains or hillsides dominated by sagebrush; during migration and winter, also frequents pinyon-juniper woodlands and scrubby habitats & grasslands with scattered bushes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from south-central British Columbia, central Idaho, and southwestern & south-central Montana south (through eastern Washington & eastern Oregon) to east-central California, southern Nevada, northeastern Arizona, and west-central and northern New Mexico. Winter range extends from southern Nevada east across northern Arizona, central New Mexico, and central Texas to southwestern Oklahoma; and south to southern Baja California, Mexico, and southern Texas. Ranges east of known range in the winter, when it is encountered as a vagrant in the eastern U.S. (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Rather short-tailed for a thrasher; note dark grayish upperparts, dull white underparts with heavy brown streaking, and yellowish eye. In flight, shows white at corners of tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs, also occasionally on the ground; generally up to 3 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, leaves, and bark; and lined with small roots and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-7, usually 3-5; 25 mm.; blue or greenish-blue in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 11-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 638,
"SPECIES_ID": 6441,
"CLO": 6441,
"SPEC_NAME": "Brown Thrasher",
"LATINNAME": "Toxostoma rufum",
"FAMILY_ID": "MIMI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.2 ****",
"SECRETS": "The only widespread thrasher in eastern North America, the Brown Thrasher's song consists of various notes and phrases, each of which is repeated about 2-3 times; compare with Mockingbird, whose phrases are often repeated 5-6 or more times.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along forest edge, and in dense thickets or shrubby habitats, including urban or suburban areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from east-central Alberta and central Saskatchewan east across southern Manitoba, central Ontario, southwestern Quebec, and southern New Brunswick to Maine; and south to east-central Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida; also breeds west to western Montana, eastern Wyoming, and eastern Colorado. Generally winters in southeastern Arizona, central & southern New Mexico; and from western & northern Texas, eastern Oklahoma, southern Missouri, western Tennessee, central Kentucky, North Carolina, and southern Maryland south to southern Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Slightly decurved bill, reddish-brown upperparts (including face; compare with Long-billed Thrasher), buffy-white underparts with dark brown streaking.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, also occasionally on the ground; generally up to 15 feet above the ground. Nest is a layered, cup-shaped structure built from twigs, leaves, bark, and grasses; and lined with small roots.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 4-5; 26 mm.; bluish-white or white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-13 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 639,
"SPECIES_ID": 6442,
"CLO": 6442,
"SPEC_NAME": "Long-billed Thrasher",
"LATINNAME": "Toxostoma longirostre",
"FAMILY_ID": "MIMI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "6.3 ****",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in brushy woodland and along woodland edge; and in scrubby thickets, hedges, and other similar types of habitat (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This resident species is found from southern Texas south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Noticeably decurved bill, reddish-brown upperparts, grayish face, orange eye color, buffy-white underparts with dark brown streaking; compare with Brown Thrasher.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, generally up to 4-10 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, leaves, grasses, and lined with small roots and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 3-4; 28 mm.; bluish-green or greenish-white in color, with cinnamon markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 640,
"SPECIES_ID": 6444,
"CLO": 6444,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bendire's Thrasher",
"LATINNAME": "Toxostoma bendirei",
"FAMILY_ID": "MIMI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-4.0 *",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in desert habitats with tall vegetation (e.g., cholla cacti, Joshua trees, or yucca plants); also in nearby juniper woodlands; less frequently in agricultural areas with nearby brushy or scrubby habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northwestern Mexico north to southeastern California, southern Nevada, southern Utah, south-central Colorado, and western and central New Mexico. Generally winters from southern Arizona and extreme southwestern New Mexico south into northwest Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This short-tailed thrasher also has a short, decurved bill. Note uniformly grayish-brown upperparts; paler below, with fine grayish mottling or spotting across breast. Lower mandible is straight (not curved) and is pale at the base; however, these field marks may be difficult to see. Compare with Curve-billed Thrasher.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in cacti or shrubs, generally up to 2-12 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs and leaves, and lined with grass, small roots, animal hair, and other material.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 3-4; 25 mm.; grayish-green to greenish-white in color, with pale brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 641,
"SPECIES_ID": 6446,
"CLO": 6446,
"SPEC_NAME": "Curve-billed Thrasher",
"LATINNAME": "Toxostoma curvirostre",
"FAMILY_ID": "MIMI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-3.6 ****",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in lowland and montane scrub habitats, usually in areas with dense vegetation (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This resident species is found in Mexico north to northwest Arizona, central and northeastern New Mexico, southeastern Colorado, western Oklahoma, extreme southwestern Kansas, and western & central Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Soft grayish-brown upperparts; somewhat paler below with mottled gray spots on breast. Eye color varies from orange to yellow. Compare with Bendire's Thrasher.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in cacti, shrubs, or trees, generally up to 3-10 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs and grass, and lined with small roots, fine grasses, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-5, usually 3-4; 29 mm.; bluish-green or greenish-blue in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 11-18 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 642,
"SPECIES_ID": 6448,
"CLO": 6448,
"SPEC_NAME": "Le Conte's Thrasher",
"LATINNAME": "Toxostoma lecontei",
"FAMILY_ID": "MIMI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.0",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in generally barren or open desert scrub habitats, and in dry, sandy washes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This resident species is found in west-central Baja California and northwestern Mexico north to southern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, and western & south-central Arizona (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Noticeably pale grayish overall, with buffy undertail coverts, white throat, dark gray moustache, and dark grayish-brown tail. Dark eye.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in cacti, shrubs, or trees, generally up to 6 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs and lined with plant down, small roots, and leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3-4; 28 mm.; pale bluish-green or greenish-blue in color, with light brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 15 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 643,
"SPECIES_ID": 6449,
"CLO": 6449,
"SPEC_NAME": "California Thrasher",
"LATINNAME": "Toxostoma redivivum",
"FAMILY_ID": "MIMI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-3.0 ***",
"SECRETS": "There is perhaps nothing more fascinating than watching a California Thrasher chomp down one poison oak berry after another; imagine what would happen if we humans tried to do that!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in lowland and coastal chaparral, also in riparian woodland thickets; may also frequent suburbs with extensive dense understory shrubs (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This resident species is found in California, west of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada ranges, and in northwestern Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark, brownish-gray upperparts, including tail; somewhat paler below; buffy or tan-colored belly and undertail coverts; whitish throat; dark moustache; and dark eye with grayish-white eyebrow. Can be heard singing at almost any time of the year. Compare with Crissal Thrasher.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, generally up to 2-4 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs and lined with small roots and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3-4; 29 mm.; bluish-green or light blue in color, with light brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 644,
"SPECIES_ID": 6450,
"CLO": 6450,
"SPEC_NAME": "Crissal Thrasher",
"LATINNAME": "Toxostoma crissale",
"FAMILY_ID": "MIMI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "16.7",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in riparian thickets, and in lowland and montane scrub habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This resident species is found in northeastern Baja California and in Mexico, north to southeastern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, northwestern and central Arizona, central New Mexico, and western Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark, grayish-brown upperparts, including tail; somewhat paler below; reddish undertail coverts; whitish throat; dark moustache; and dark eye. Compare with California Thrasher.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, generally up to 3-8 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, bark, and other vegetation; and lined with grasses and sometimes with feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-4, usually 2-3; 26 mm.; blue or green in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 11-13 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 645,
"SPECIES_ID": 6538,
"CLO": 6538,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Starling",
"LATINNAME": "Sturnus vulgaris",
"FAMILY_ID": "STUR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.1 ****",
"SECRETS": "Starlings were introduced into N. America (New York) in 1890; they have since expanded throughout the continent; imagine what it must have been like to go birding in the early 20th century without seeing any of these birds!",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "European Starling",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in or near places of human habitation, including agricultural areas, cities, and towns; less common or absent in more pristine (i.e., less disturbed) environments (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Widespread; this introduced species is now found throughout the United States, and throughout Canada (except the Arctic islands and northernmost reaches of the country), west to east-central and southeastern Alaska; also breeds south to central Baja California and northern Mexico. Generally winters throughout its breeding range south to southern Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In the breeding season, note iridescent black/purple colors on head and underparts, dark brownish wings, and yellowish bill. In the winter, acquires a speckled appearance, and bill is duller. Young starlings are browner, and may be confused with blackbirds. Starlings differ from blackbirds by having a comparatively shorter tail. These birds may mimic vocalizations of other species, but they are not as accomplished in this behavior as the Northern Mockingbird.\r\n\r\nNote: the introduction of starlings (and House Sparrows, for that matter) have adversely affected many species of native North American species which nest in cavities, including woodpeckers and bluebirds.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in natural cavities, but may also use nest boxes intended for other, native species if the hole is large enough; also may nest in cavities on side of buildings. Nest is generally placed up to 2-60 feet above the ground and is constructed with twigs, straw, grasses, and other materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-8, usually 4-6; 30 mm.; greenish-white, light blue, or white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 18-21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 646,
"SPECIES_ID": 6552,
"CLO": 6552,
"SPEC_NAME": "Crested Myna",
"LATINNAME": "Acridotheres cristatellus",
"FAMILY_ID": "STUR",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open country and agricultural areas, usually near human settlements (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia; introduced, and now established, in British Columbia and Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black overall, with short crest on forehead, white wing patch, and yellowish bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in natural cavities, but may also use nest boxes or crevices in side of building; nest is constructed with weeds, grasses, feathers, small roots, foil, cellophane, and a variety of other materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-7, usually 4-5; greenish-blue in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation lasts approximately 15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 27 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 647,
"SPECIES_ID": 6595,
"CLO": 6595,
"SPEC_NAME": "Gray-streaked Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Muscicapa griseisticta",
"FAMILY_ID": "MUSC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "Gray-spotted Flycatcher",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in taiga habitats; also frequents wooded areas and scrub habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia; considered a casual visitor in migration to the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Small, grayish-brown bird with white underparts; note grayish-brown streaks on breast, white eye ring/lores, and notched tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 648,
"SPECIES_ID": 6596,
"CLO": 6596,
"SPEC_NAME": "Dark-sided Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Muscicapa sibirica",
"FAMILY_ID": "MUSC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "Siberian Flycatcher",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open montane forests and in taiga habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia and India; considered a casual visitor to the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Small, dark grayish-brown bird; note white throat and collection of dark streaks on chest that form a breast band. Compare with Gray-streaked Flycatcher.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 649,
"SPECIES_ID": 6597,
"CLO": 6597,
"SPEC_NAME": "Asian Brown Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Muscicapa dauurica",
"FAMILY_ID": "MUSC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forests and woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia; considered accidental in the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note small size. This plainly marked bird has brownish-gray upperparts, short tail, plain white underparts, and white eye ring.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 650,
"SPECIES_ID": 6623,
"CLO": 6623,
"SPEC_NAME": "Narcissus Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Ficedula narcissina",
"FAMILY_ID": "MUSC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in montane forests, usually near water (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia; considered accidental in Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Male: upper back, wings, head, and tail are black; note golden eyebrow, orange breast, throat, and rump, and white belly; wings have white patch. Females are generally olive in color.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 651,
"SPECIES_ID": 6624,
"CLO": 6624,
"SPEC_NAME": "Mugimaki Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Ficedula mugimaki",
"FAMILY_ID": "MUSC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coniferous forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia; considered accidental in the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Male: back, wings, head, and tail are black. Note short, white eyebrow; orange breast and throat; white belly; and large white patch in wing. Females are generally olive-brown in color, and wings have wing bars instead of patches.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 652,
"SPECIES_ID": 6627,
"CLO": 6627,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-throated Flycatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Ficedula parva",
"FAMILY_ID": "MUSC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "Red-breasted Flycatcher",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in the understory of mixed deciduous-coniferous woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe and Asia; considered a casual visitor to the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Throat in males is orangish-red and face and chest are dark gray in color; females are olive-brown above, paler below. Tail is dark; base of outer tail feathers are white; this species characteristically flicks the tail up and spreads it to show the white areas.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 653,
"SPECIES_ID": 9627,
"CLO": 6697,
"SPEC_NAME": "Siberian Rubythroat",
"LATINNAME": "Luscinia calliope",
"FAMILY_ID": "MUSC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in thickets, bogs, and in regenerating burned areas within mixed or coniferous open forests; also frequents taiga, scrub, second-growth, and subalpine scrub habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia and India; migrates through the western Aleutian Islands; considered accidental in southern Ontario (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Adult males, with bright reddish throat, are unmistakable (but compare with Bluethroat); note indistinct eyebrow and white throat in immature plumage; adult females have more conspicuous eyebrow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 654,
"SPECIES_ID": 6700,
"CLO": 6701,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bluethroat",
"LATINNAME": "Luscinia svecica",
"FAMILY_ID": "MUSC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in dense thickets, usually near water (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in western and northern Alaska; also in Europe and Asia; winters in Africa, India, and Asia (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Adult males, with red-and-blue throat, are unmistakable; note eyebrow, white throat, breast band, and buffy sides and flanks in immature plumage; adult females have less buff.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from leaves, twigs, small roots, bark, moss, plant down, and string; and lined with animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-7, usually 6; 19 mm.; green, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 655,
"SPECIES_ID": 6705,
"CLO": 6706,
"SPEC_NAME": "Siberian Blue Robin",
"LATINNAME": "Luscinia cyane",
"FAMILY_ID": "MUSC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forested areas with dense canopy and open understory (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia; considered accidental in the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Males are brilliant blue above; white below. Blackish-blue feathers extend from eye down side of neck and onto flanks.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 656,
"SPECIES_ID": 6706,
"CLO": 6707,
"SPEC_NAME": "Orange-flanked Bush-Robin",
"LATINNAME": "Tarsiger cyanurus",
"FAMILY_ID": "MUSC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "Red-flanked Bluetail",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in taiga; in moist coniferous and mixed forest; and, in winter, within forest undergrowth or in second-growth areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia; considered a casual spring visitor to the Aleutian Islands; accidental in California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Males are dark blue above, with white underparts and orange flanks; note narrow, pale eyebrow. Females are pale grayish-brown above with bluish-gray rump and tail; pale orange flanks.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 657,
"SPECIES_ID": 6786,
"CLO": 6787,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Stonechat",
"LATINNAME": "Saxicola torquata",
"FAMILY_ID": "MUSC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "Stonechat",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open country with scattered bushes and rocks; and on brushy hillsides. Also frequents marsh edges and meadows (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, and Africa; considered a casual visitor in Alaska; accidental in New Brunswick (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Males have black on head, wings, back, and tail; note white stripe at bend of wing, and grayish-white rump; underparts include tawny breast and flanks, and white belly. Females are browner and streaked on back.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 658,
"SPECIES_ID": 6800,
"CLO": 6801,
"SPEC_NAME": "Northern Wheatear",
"LATINNAME": "Oenanthe oenanthe",
"FAMILY_ID": "MUSC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Frequents dry, rocky tundra areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in Greenland and in Alaska; breeding range also includes Yukon, northwestern Mackenzie, and Baffin and Ellesmere Islands south to southeastern Keewatin, northern Quebec and Labrador. Winters in Africa, India, and Asia. Considered casual or accidental elsewhere in North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: White rump. Tail is mostly white, with broad dark terminal band; central feathers have less white on them. Rest of plumage is variable; some birds have gray back, black wings, and buffy-white underparts (overall, plumage is paler in females); while others have tawny underparts. In all plumages note conspicuous eyebrow and dark eye patch (most obvious in males).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed in a cavity under rock, or in abandoned rodent burrow. Somewhat cup-shaped, nest is made from grasses and moss, and is lined with small roots, fine grasses, animal hair, feathers, and plant down.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-8, usually 5-6; 21 mm.; light blue, sometimes with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 15-16 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 659,
"SPECIES_ID": 6838,
"CLO": 6839,
"SPEC_NAME": "Pygmy Nuthatch",
"LATINNAME": "Sitta pygmaea",
"FAMILY_ID": "SITT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.4 *",
"SECRETS": "The call of this species is a series of high-pitched, peeping 'ti-di' or 'peep' notes, which sounds more like a small squirrel than a bird.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in yellow pine forests, more frequently Monterey pine woodlands along the coast (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This resident species is found from southern interior British Columbia, northern Idaho, western Montana, central Wyoming, southwestern South Dakota, and northwestern Nebraska south to California, northern Baja California, southern Nevada, central and southeastern Arizona, central New Mexico, extreme western Texas, and south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998); occurrence throughout range is influenced by presence of pines, and therefore, distribution within the described geographic area is discontinuous.\r\n\r\nField Marks: This western counterpart to the eastern Brown-headed Nuthatch is identified by its small size, grayish-white nape patch, and grayish-brown crown. Usually travels in flocks.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in cavities which it excavates itself; also in abandoned woodpecker holes; generally up to 6-60 feet above the ground. Nest is lined with scales of pine cones, plant down, leaves, fur, and feathers. Breeding strategy incorporates a breeding pair and several helpers at the nest; the helpers are typically unmated males or otherwise related offspring or siblings of the pair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-9, usually 6-8; 15 mm.; white, with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes (plus helpers) care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 15-16 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 20-22 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 660,
"SPECIES_ID": 6839,
"CLO": 6840,
"SPEC_NAME": "Brown-headed Nuthatch",
"LATINNAME": "Sitta pusilla",
"FAMILY_ID": "SITT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.2 ****",
"SECRETS": "One of the more unusual foraging habits of this species includes crawling up and down the outside walls of buildings in search of insects, ants, or other available prey.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open pine forests and in pine-oak woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident in the southeastern United States, from southeastern Oklahoma, central Arkansas, southern and eastern Tennessee, western North Carolina, south-central and eastern Virginia, southern Maryland, and southern Delaware south to eastern Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This eastern counterpart to the western Pygmy Nuthatch is identified by its small size, dull white nape patch, and brown crown. Usually travels in flocks; presence is revealed by its chattering call notes.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in cavities which it excavates itself; generally up to 2-50 or more feet above the ground. Nest is lined with grasses, bark strips, feathers, parts of pine seeds, and other materials. Breeding strategy incorporates a breeding pair and typically one helper (usually an unmated male).\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-9, usually 4-5; 15 mm.; white, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes (plus helper) care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 18-19 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 661,
"SPECIES_ID": 6845,
"CLO": 6846,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-breasted Nuthatch",
"LATINNAME": "Sitta canadensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "SITT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.8 ****",
"SECRETS": "Roger Tory Peterson once described the sound of this species as a tiny tin horn; however, when a flock of these birds is agitated by the presence of an owl, the combined calls of these nuthatches sounds like a virtual symphony!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in mature coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous forests; during migration and in winter, also frequents deciduous forests and more open woodlands, including park-like habitats, riparian woodlands, and residential areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from south-coastal and southeastern Alaska and southern Yukon east across southwestern Mackenzie, northwestern Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, northern Ontario, and south-central Quebec to southern Labrador and Newfoundland. In the west, range extends south and east (including the Rockies) to southern California, central and southeastern Arizona, and southern New Mexico; further east, range extends south to northwestern and north-central Nebraska, North Dakota, north-central and eastern Minnesota, northern Illinois, southern Michigan, southern Ontario, and northern Ohio east to Pennsylvania and Delaware. Also breeds south into the Appalachian Mountains to Tennessee and North Carolina. In winter, it is found throughout its breeding range, except for northernmost latitudes and highest elevations; winter range is highly variable due to its irruptive nature (irruptions are due to failure of cone crop in northern latitudes). In some years, can be found as far south as northern Baja California, southern Arizona, southern New Mexico, southern Texas, along the Gulf coast, and in central Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black cap, white eyebrow, black eye line, and rufous underparts identify this small nuthatch. Most readily found in its preferred habitat: conifers.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in cavities which it excavates itself; also in abandoned woodpecker holes; generally up to 5-100 or more feet above the ground. Nest is lined with grasses, small roots, moss, bark, and plant fibers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-7, usually 5-6; 15 mm.; white or pinkish-white, with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14-21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 662,
"SPECIES_ID": 6847,
"CLO": 6848,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-breasted Nuthatch",
"LATINNAME": "Sitta carolinensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "SITT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.7 ****",
"SECRETS": "When you start out learning about birds, remember that many species have unique habits; for example nuthatches often face downward while clinging to the trunk of a tree, while creepers face upward.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in woodlands and forests, usually mature deciduous forests, but also in mixed forests, and in Ponderosa pine or pinyon-juniper woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends from southern Canada (including northeastern British Columbia) south throughout the United States (except for southwestern Arizona, portions of the immediate Gulf coast, and central and southern Florida) and into Mexico and Baja California. However, it is absent during the breeding season from most of the Great Plains form southern Alberta south through the western portions of the plains states to northern and west-central Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black cap, white cheek, white underparts, and comparatively larger size identify this nuthatch. Males have darker caps, and thus show greater contrast between cap/nape of neck and bluish-gray back than females.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in natural cavities, generally up to 10-60 feet above the ground; but may also use nest boxes. Nest is lined with bark strips, fur, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-10, usually 5-8; 19 mm.; white in color, with brown, red, purple, or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 663,
"SPECIES_ID": 6858,
"CLO": 6859,
"SPEC_NAME": "Brown Creeper",
"LATINNAME": "Certhia americana",
"FAMILY_ID": "CERT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.6",
"SECRETS": "When you start out learning about birds, remember that many species have unique habits; for example creepers often face upward while clinging to the trunk of a tree, while nuthatches face downward.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in mature coniferous and deciduous forests, including wooded swamps and, in migration or winter, in more open park-like situations with tall trees.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from south-central Alaska and north-central British Columbia east across central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, northern Ontario, and south-central Quebec to Newfoundland. In the west, breeding range extends south to southern California, southern Nevada, central and southeastern Arizona (and south into Mexico), and extreme western Texas; further east, range extends south to Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, and Michigan east to West Virginia, and south in the Appalachian Mountains to Tennessee and North Carolina. Also breeds locally in the lowlands of Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware. Irregularly present in breeding season outside of described range. In the winter, it is generally found from southern coastal Alaska and southern Canada south throughout most of the U.S. to Mexico, southern Texas, the Gulf coast, and northern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Unique: brownish upperparts with white streaking, white underparts, white eyebrow, and thin, decurved bill. Song, an ethereal 'tee, la-li, la-li'; call note is a thin, 'tsee' note, not tremulous as in waxwing, and usually given singly (not in triplets as in Golden-crowned Kinglet).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Unique in its nesting habits, by choosing to build nest between the trunk of a tree and peeling bark, generally up to 3-50 feet above the ground; may also nest in cavity or deserted woodpecker hole. Nest is constructed with mosses, twigs, spiders' cocoons, and bark strips; and is lined with feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-8, usually 5-6; 15 mm.; white in color, lightly marked with brown.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14-17 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 13-16 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 664,
"SPECIES_ID": 6866,
"CLO": 6867,
"SPEC_NAME": "Cactus Wren",
"LATINNAME": "Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.4",
"SECRETS": "The Cactus Wren not only uses its nest for the rearing of young, but it continues to use it throughout the year as a place for roosting.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in arid lowland and montane scrub habitats, usually with cacti or other types of thorny trees or shrubs.\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from Mexico and Baja California north to southern California, southern Nevada, extreme southwestern Utah, central Arizona, central New Mexico, and central and southern Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This large wren is told by its creamy white underparts with dense black spotting, white eyebrow, and reddish-brown upperparts heavily streaked and barred with white. Song is a low-pitched, hoarse series of repetitive notes, suggesting a car or tractor that refuses to start.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in cacti, shrubs, or trees, generally up to 3-9 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a spherical or pouch-shaped structure that is built from various plant fibers and lined with feathers and fur.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 4-5; 24 mm.; white or pinkish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 16 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 19-23 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 665,
"SPECIES_ID": 6880,
"CLO": 6881,
"SPEC_NAME": "Rock Wren",
"LATINNAME": "Salpinctes obsoletus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.4 ****",
"SECRETS": "Trust your judgement! As you're driving along the countryside, when you see a large area of exposed rocks & you start to think 'Rock Wren', more times than not, you'll be right:if you investigate such areas, you will indeed find a Rock Wren",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in arid or semi-arid areas with exposed rocks; also frequents canyons or cliffs with scattered brushy vegetation (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range along the Pacific coast extends from southern British Columbia south to southern Baja California and Mexico; and east to central Saskatchewan, western North Dakota, western South Dakota, western Nebraska, western Kansas, western Oklahoma, and central and southern Texas. Generally winters from northern California, southern Nevada, central Utah, northern New Mexico, and north-central Texas south throughout its breeding range; known to wander to the eastern regions of the continent (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note reddish-brown tail with buffy corners in tip of tail and dark subterminal band. Upperparts are more grayish in color; underparts are dull white with light streaking. Song is a variety of repeated buzzes and trills that suggests Northern Mockingbird.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in burrows, rock crevices, and in other similar places. Nest consists of grasses and small roots, and is lined with fur, animal hair, and feathers. Entrance to nest often paved with stones, pebbles, and other small objects.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-10, usually 5-6; 18 mm.; white, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 666,
"SPECIES_ID": 6881,
"CLO": 6882,
"SPEC_NAME": "Canyon Wren",
"LATINNAME": "Catherpes mexicanus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-4.2 ***",
"SECRETS": "The song of the Canyon Wren is one of the most anticipated in the birding world; its loud, ringing, descending quality makes it easy to learn. Once you hear it, you will always want to hear it again!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Typically found along cliffs or in steep-sided canyons, especially where there are rocky outcrops and boulder piles (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from eastern Washington, southern interior British Columbia, and west-central Idaho east to Montana; and south (generally east of the Cascades and away from the coast) to southern Baja California, southern Arizona, Mexico, and western Texas; further north, range extends east to southwestern South Dakota and western Oklahoma (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Combination of white throat, reddish-brown upperparts and tail, grayish head, and rufous belly identify this wren.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in crevices, caves, deserted buildings, or in other types of sheltered areas. Nest is built from twigs, mosses, spider's silk, leaves, and other vegetation; and is lined with fur and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-7, usually 5-6; 18 mm.; white in color, lightly marked with brown.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 667,
"SPECIES_ID": 6888,
"CLO": 6889,
"SPEC_NAME": "Sedge Wren",
"LATINNAME": "Cistothorus platensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.2 ****",
"SECRETS": "In Tennessee, Sedge Wrens magically appear in late July and are often heard singing; it remains unclear if these are late spring migrants, returning fall migrants, or potential breeders.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in grassy fields or marshes (usually with tall grass and some bushes); and in sedge meadows (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from east-central Alberta and central Saskatchewan east across southern Manitoba, and western & southern Ontario to central Maine; and south to northeastern Oklahoma, northwestern & east-central Arkansas, southern Illinois, central Kentucky, west-central West Virginia, and southeastern Virginia. Generally winters from western Tennessee and Maryland south to southern New Mexico, Texas (and south into Mexico), the Gulf coast, and southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note buffy wash on sides and flanks; pale grayish-white underparts, and brownish upperparts with streaked crown and back. Compare with Marsh Wren. Formerly called Short-billed Marsh Wren. Song is a series of introductory 'tick' notes followed by a dry, stuttering trill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in sedges or grassy fields, where it builds a spherically-shaped nest about 1-2 feet above the ground. Nest is constructed with grasses and sedges, and is lined with plant down, fur, and feathers. Nest has a side entrance. Like some other species of wrens, may also build dummy nests (i.e., nests built by male in the spring before the female arrives; such nests may or may not be accepted for use by the female).\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-8, usually 7; 16 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-16 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 668,
"SPECIES_ID": 6891,
"CLO": 6892,
"SPEC_NAME": "Marsh Wren",
"LATINNAME": "Cistothorus palustris",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "4.0 ***",
"SECRETS": "In mild winters, Marsh Wrens may occur further north than usual; look for it in suitable habitat, especially in places with warm-water effluents (e.g., steam plants).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in fresh-water and brackish marshes, usually in the presence of cattails, but also with tule, bulrushes, and reeds. During migration and winter, also frequents rice fields, dense, wet grassy fields with scattered forbs and bushes, and salt marshes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southwestern and eastern British Columbia and northern Alberta east across central Saskatchewan, north-central Manitoba, western & southern Ontario, and southwestern Quebec to southern Maine, southeastern New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia; and south to northeastern Baja California, northwestern Mexico, southwestern Arizona, southern Nevada, southern Utah, northwestern and north-central New Mexico, and extreme western Texas; further east, breeding range extends south to southern Texas, the Gulf coast, and east-central Florida; however, its distribution throughout much of the continent's interior is very localized. In the west, generally winters throughout much of its breeding range south to southern Baja California and into Mexico and southern Texas; further east, generally winters from southern New England and the southeastern U.S. south to the Gulf coast and southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note cinnamon wash to sides and on flanks; whitish belly and throat; brownish upperparts with streaked back (crown is not streaked as in Sedge Wren). Bold white eyebrow is also useful in separating this species from Sedge Wren. Formerly called Long-billed Marsh Wren. Song is a highly variable vocalization, but typically consists of 1-2 low-pitched notes, a transitory squeak, and a terminal rattle or trill. Call note is similar to Common Yellowthroat's but can be identified with practice.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in reeds over water, where it builds a spherically-shaped nest about 1-9 or more feet above the water's surface. Nest has a side entrance, and is constructed with cattails and sedges; nest is then lined with feathers, grasses, and small roots. Like some other species of wrens, may also build dummy nests (i.e., nests built by male in the spring before the female arrives; such nests may or may not be accepted for use by the female).\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-10, usually 4-6; 17 mm.; dull brown in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-16 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 13-16 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 669,
"SPECIES_ID": 6892,
"CLO": 6893,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bewick's Wren",
"LATINNAME": "Thryomanes bewickii",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.3",
"SECRETS": "In the east, the song of the Bewick's Wren resembles the song of the Song Sparrow; however, in the west, this resemblance is lost, and the songs heard there are much more variable.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in brushy areas, dense thickets, and scrubby habitats in open country; also frequents riparian woodlands and chaparral (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southwestern British Columbia and southeastern Washington east across west-central and southern Nevada, northern Utah, southern Wyoming, extreme western and southern Colorado, Kansas, southeastern Iowa, southern Wisconsin, and southern Michigan east to central Pennsylvania and southeastern New York; and south to southern Baja California, Mexico, central Texas, northern Arkansas, the northern portions of the Gulf states, central Georgia, and central South Carolina. In the winter, generally found throughout much of its western breeding range; further east, it is found from southeastern Colorado, southern Kansas, southern Missouri, the lower Ohio Valley, Tennessee, and North Carolina south to northern Florida, the Gulf coast, Texas, and Mexico (A.O.U. 1998). Range in the eastern U.S. has declined substantially over the last half century.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Upperparts are brown or grayish-brown; note dull white underparts and distinctive eyebrow. Tail is long and edged with white spots; tail is often held upright, typical of wrens, but is also often swished and swayed back and forth in an elaborate fashion, unlike other wrens.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in natural cavities, but also in crevices, brush piles, and other natural or man-made sheltered areas, generally up to 20 feet above the ground. Nest is constructed with mosses, twigs, leaves, cotton, animal hair, and wool; and is lined with feathers and grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-11, usually 5-7; 17 mm.; white in color, with brown, purple, lavender, or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 670,
"SPECIES_ID": 6912,
"CLO": 6913,
"SPEC_NAME": "Carolina Wren",
"LATINNAME": "Thryothorus ludovicianus",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.8 ****",
"SECRETS": "The song of the Carolina Wren at times sounds like an exact match for the song of the Kentucky Warbler; however, the Carolina Wren's song is given more frequently and usually has a 3-syllabled quality to it.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in woodlands and in more open areas, usually where there is brushy undergrowth and dense thickets; also in residential areas with dense thickets and undergrowth.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range along the Atlantic coast extends from southern Maine and extreme southwestern Quebec south to southern Florida; and west to southern Ontario, southern Michigan, southern Wisconsin, northern Iowa, and eastern Nebraska; and from there south to northeastern Colorado, central Kansas, west-central and southwestern Oklahoma, central Texas (including the Gulf coast), and eastern Mexico. Actual limits of range may fluctuate in response to severely cold winters (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Reddish-brown upperparts, bold white eyestripe, and cinnamon-buff sides and flanks identify this woodland wren.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in a wide variety of situations, including cavities, on tree branch, amongst the roots of an upturned tree, etc., usually within 10 feet of the ground. Nest is constructed with grasses, bark leaves, mosses, small roots, feathers, and other materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-8, usually 5; 19 mm.; white or light pink in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 671,
"SPECIES_ID": 6922,
"CLO": 6923,
"SPEC_NAME": "Winter Wren",
"LATINNAME": "Troglodytes troglodytes",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROL",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.4 **",
"SECRETS": "The Winter Wren is so secretive that you can often use it as a gauge of a birder's experience; birders who are unfamiliar with this tiny bird are either new to birding or make limited excursions to the Winter Wren's wet woodland haunts.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coniferous and in mixed coniferous-deciduous forests, usually with a dense understory and often near water; in migration and during winter, may also be found in deciduous forests and woodlands, again with dense undergrowth. Also frequents dense hedgerows, brushy fields, and even rocky coastal areas where there is dense, low cover (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from coastal southern & southeastern Alaska and coastal & central British Columbia east across northern Alberta, central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, northern Ontario, central Quebec, and extreme southern Labrador to Newfoundland; and south to central California (along the coast and along the west slope of the Sierra Nevada), northeastern Oregon, central Idaho, northern Utah, western Montana, southwestern Alberta, southeastern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, and northeastern Ohio east to northern Pennsylvania and northern New Jersey; and locally south in the Appalachian Mountains to Tennessee, North Carolina, and northeastern Georgia. Winter range extends from southern Alaska, coastal and central British Columbia, southwestern Alberta, western Montana, eastern Colorado, southern Nebraska, southern Minnesota, and eastern Iowa east to central new York and Massachusetts and south to southern California, central and southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, northern Mexico, southern Texas, the Gulf coast, and central Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Tiny size. Flanks and belly have dark barring; also note extremely short tail, which is usually cocked upward. When disturbed, skulks about in the brush, playing hide-and-seek with the observer, at the same time, bobbing up-and-down and uttering its 'kip!' or 'kip-kip!' calls. Song is much more elaborate than call; songs last many seconds and consist of a variety of high-pitched musical trills and whistles.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in a wide variety of situations, including cavities, under stream banks, inside buildings, amongst the roots of an upturned tree, etc., usually within 6 feet of the ground. Nest is constructed with twigs, mosses, grasses, and small roots; and is lined with animal hair and feathers. Like some other species of wrens, may also build dummy nests (i.e., nests built by male in the spring before the female arrives; such nests may or may not be accepted for use by the female).\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-7, usually 5-6; 17 mm.; white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 16 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 19 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 672,
"SPECIES_ID": 6923,
"CLO": 6924,
"SPEC_NAME": "House Wren",
"LATINNAME": "Troglodytes aedon",
"FAMILY_ID": "TROL",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "1.4 ****",
"SECRETS": "Two subspecies in the West Indies (Guadeloupe and St. Lucia House Wrens) are listed as Endangered.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in thickets and shrubby areas of open landscapes, woodlands, forests, residential areas, or park-like situations, including chaparral and brushy fields.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern & northeastern British Columbia and northern Alberta east across central Saskatchewan, and southern Manitoba east to Maine; and south to northern Baja California, southern California, southern Nevada, central and southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico (and south into Mexico), western & northern Texas, and northwestern Arkansas east to the Carolinas. Generally winters from central California, southern Nevada, northern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and southern Oklahoma east to the Atlantic coast (and locally north to coastal Maryland); and south to southern Baja California, throughout Mexico, Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida. Occasionally found in winter north of this range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This brownish wren is larger than similar Winter Wren, and has a longer tail and less obvious barring on flanks and belly. Note faint eye ring and indistinct, buffy eyebrow. Gives a variety of harsh scolding notes; song is rich, rapid, and bubbly.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavities, but actual location and placement can be quite varied (e.g., flower pots, empty cow skulls, etc); will also usurp bluebird boxes when such structures are placed too close to its preferred thicket-like habitat. Nest is generally placed up to 20 feet above the ground and is constructed with twigs and grasses; and lined with feathers, animal hair, spiders' cocoons, wool, and other plant vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-12, usually 6-8; 16 mm.; white, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation lasts approximately 13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12-18 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 673,
"SPECIES_ID": 6942,
"CLO": 6943,
"SPEC_NAME": "Verdin",
"LATINNAME": "Auriparus flaviceps",
"FAMILY_ID": "POLI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-3.8 ***",
"SECRETS": "The large, oval-shaped nest of this species may contain a couple thousand interlaced twigs (Terres 1980).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in arid lowland and montane scrub, and in residential areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends from Mexico and southern Baja California north to northeastern Baja California, southeastern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, northwestern Arizona, southern New Mexico, southwestern Oklahoma, and central Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This tiny grayish bird has red patch at bend of wing; note yellow head and throat.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, generally up to 2-20 feet above the ground. Nest is an oval-shaped structure that is constructed with thorny twigs and lined with leaves, grasses, feathers, plant down, and spider's silk.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 15 mm.; bluish-white or greenish-white in color, with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 10 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 674,
"SPECIES_ID": 6946,
"CLO": 6947,
"SPEC_NAME": "Blue-gray Gnatcatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Polioptila caerulea",
"FAMILY_ID": "POLI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.0 ****",
"SECRETS": "Call note, a wheezy 'teezzzz', identifies this species in all seasons; song is a varied collection of such notes and has a warbling quality to it.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous, pine-oak, riparian, and pinyon-juniper woodlands; also frequents scrubby areas, including chaparral, brushy washes, and second-growth areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern Oregon, the Pryor Mountains in Montana, southwestern Wyoming, Colorado, eastern Nebraska, southeastern South Dakota, and central Minnesota east to New England; and south to southern Baja California, Mexico, southeastern Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida. Generally winters from central California, southern Nevada, western and central Arizona, central Texas, and the southern portions of the Gulf states east to the Atlantic coast (north to southern Virginia) south throughout Mexico and Central America; but may occur in small numbers north of this range in the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Bluish-gray upperparts, white below; note eye ring and extensive amount of white on underside of tail; white outer tail feathers are visible from above.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to 2-25 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from lichens, spider's silk, and plant fibers and lined with bark strips, feathers, animal hair, and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 14 mm.; light blue, with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 675,
"SPECIES_ID": 6947,
"CLO": 6948,
"SPEC_NAME": "California Gnatcatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Polioptila californica",
"FAMILY_ID": "POLI",
"STATUS": "Threatened",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "In the winter, Blue-gray and California Gnatcatchers can be found in the same brushy or shrubby fields; however, they can still be readily identified due to the differences in their plumage and in their call notes.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coastal sage scrub and in desert brush (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Limited (and somewhat local) resident range extends from southwestern California and northwestern Baja California south to southern Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This is the duskiest of all the gnatcatchers, with brownish hue most apparent on upperparts. Seen from below, the tail feathers appear mostly black (compare with Blue-gray Gnatcatcher); also told from Blue-gray Gnatcatcher by its call note, which is more harsh and whiny than that given by Blue-grays. Note: this species was formerly regarded as a subspecies of the Black-tailed Gnatcatcher.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs, generally up to 1-4 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from leaves, plant down, and spider's silk.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 14 mm.; green or light blue, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-15 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 676,
"SPECIES_ID": 6948,
"CLO": 6949,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-tailed Gnatcatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Polioptila melanura",
"FAMILY_ID": "POLI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.7 **",
"SECRETS": "The tail is the best way to tell this species from similar Blue-gray Gnatcatcher; in the latter species, the outer two tail feathers & basal portion of a third on each side of tail are white.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in arid lowland and montane scrub habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from Mexico north to northeastern Baja California, southeastern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, western & central Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and western & southern Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Upperparts are bluish-gray and underparts are grayish white; male shows black cap in breeding plumage. Compare closely with Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, which shows more white on underside of tail. In this species, underside of tail appears mostly black.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs, generally up to 1-4 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from leaves, plant down, and spider's silk.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 14 mm.; green or light blue, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-15 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 677,
"SPECIES_ID": 6950,
"CLO": 6951,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-capped Gnatcatcher",
"LATINNAME": "Polioptila nigriceps",
"FAMILY_ID": "POLI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in arid lowland scrub habitats and in thorn forests (A.O.U. 1998; Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico; formerly bred (and may still irregularly do so) in extreme southern Arizona (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note white outer tail feathers, which display more white in tail than seen in Black-tailed Gnatcatcher; also, black cap is more extensive (extends below the eye) than in Black-tailed Gnatcatcher.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeding status in the United States is uncertain.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 678,
"SPECIES_ID": 6963,
"CLO": 6964,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bushtit",
"LATINNAME": "Psaltriparus minimus",
"FAMILY_ID": "AEGT",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.4",
"SECRETS": "Want to play a game? Try just viewing only ONE Bushtit; typically, when you see one, you'll see lots of others due to their gregarious, flocking behavior.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in oak scrub, pinyon-juniper, and pine-oak woodlands; also frequents chaparral and wooded suburban areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range along the Pacific coast extends from extreme southwestern British Columbia south to southern Baja California and Mexico; and east to central Washington, southeastern Oregon, southwestern Idaho, northern Nevada, north-central Utah, southwestern Wyoming, north-central Colorado, western Oklahoma, and central Texas. Absent from the majority of central Baja California and from high elevations in the Sierra Nevada (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: These tiny, short-billed, grayish birds are identified by the lack of yellow on the face (compare with Verdin), their energetic behavior, and the sharp, twittering 'tsit' calls that they give.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to 4-25 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a pendulous, gourd-shaped structure built from twigs, mosses, small roots, lichens, leaves, and spider's silk; and lined with plant down, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-13, usually 5-7; 14 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14-15 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 679,
"SPECIES_ID": 6967,
"CLO": 6968,
"SPEC_NAME": "Tree Swallow",
"LATINNAME": "Tachycineta bicolor",
"FAMILY_ID": "HIRU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.6 *",
"SECRETS": "Immature Tree Swallows have brownish upperparts, and are sometimes misidentified. Compare closely with Sand Martin (i.e., Bank Swallow) and Northern Rough-winged Swallows.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open areas, usually near a source of water (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and northern Yukon east across northwestern and southern Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario east to central Labrador and Newfoundland; and south to southern California, central Nevada, northern Arizona, northern New Mexico, most of Texas, southern Tennessee, northern Alabama, northern Georgia, and western North Carolina; however, its distribution east of the Rockies and south of the upper Mississippi and Ohio valleys is very localized. Generally winters along the southern border of the U.S. (north to northern California along the Pacific coast and to New Jersey on the Atlantic coast) south into Mexico and Baja California.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark, greenish-blue on upperparts; note completely white underparts. White on side of cheek does not extend above eye (compare with Violet-green Swallow).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: May breed in loose colonies. Nests in natural or man-made cavities, including nest boxes (will use bluebird nest boxes). Cavities in dead snags are often used. Nest is generally placed 5 feet or higher above the ground, and is constructed with grasses and straws; and lined with feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-6; 19 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-16 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 20 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 680,
"SPECIES_ID": 6973,
"CLO": 6974,
"SPEC_NAME": "Violet-green Swallow",
"LATINNAME": "Tachycineta thalassina",
"FAMILY_ID": "HIRU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.5",
"SECRETS": "If a swallow is perched and you suspect it is a Violet-green, concentrate on the face; these birds, unlike Tree Swallows, show white in the cheek that extends above the eye.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open areas, open woodlands, in highlands, in mountain canyons, and in deserts; often seen further from water than Tree Swallow; however, favors areas near water in the winter.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range along the Pacific coast extends from central Alaska south to southern Baja California and Mexico; and east to extreme southwestern Mackenzie, west-central Alberta, extreme southwestern Saskatchewan, western North Dakota, western South Dakota, and northwestern Nebraska south to western Texas. In the winter, generally found from central coastal California and Mexico south to Central America (A.O.U. 1998)\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark, purplish- or violet-green on upperparts; note completely white underparts. White on side of cheek extends above eye (compare with Tree Swallow). Also note that outer edges of rump are white (visible from above on flying birds).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: May breed in small colonies. Nests in natural or man-made cavities, including tree cavities, nest boxes, rock crevices, and abandoned woodpecker holes. Nest is generally placed 5 feet or higher above the ground, and is constructed with grasses and weed stems; and lined with feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-7, usually 4-5; 19 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 16-24 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 681,
"SPECIES_ID": 6974,
"CLO": 6975,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bahama Swallow",
"LATINNAME": "Tachycineta cyaneoviridis",
"FAMILY_ID": "HIRU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pine forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to the Bahama Islands and Cuba; considered to be an irregular visitor in migration to Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note the noticeably forked tail, more deeply forked than in Tree Swallow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 682,
"SPECIES_ID": 6976,
"CLO": 6977,
"SPEC_NAME": "Brown-chested Martin",
"LATINNAME": "Progne tapera",
"FAMILY_ID": "HIRU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pastures, along rivers, and in seasonally wet grasslands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to South America; considered accidental in Massachusetts (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Brown upperparts, with darker wings and tail. Underparts are white, with a broad brown breast band. Tail is forked.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 683,
"SPECIES_ID": 6977,
"CLO": 6978,
"SPEC_NAME": "Purple Martin",
"LATINNAME": "Progne subis",
"FAMILY_ID": "HIRU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.0",
"SECRETS": "Although many thousands of these birds can be seen in one location in eastern North America, this species rarely is seen in groups numbering more than 10-15 birds in the western U.S.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: During the breeding season, presence in eastern North America is largely tied to availability of artificial nest boxes: in towns, farmlands, and in even more remote areas; in the west, typically found in open pine and pine-oak associations (A.O.U. 1998). Outside the breeding season, found in open areas, often near water.\r\n\r\nDistribution: In the west, breeding range extends from southwestern British Columbia, western Washington, western Oregon, and eastern Idaho south to southern Baja California, Mexico, northern Arizona, central Utah, western Colorado, New Mexico, and western Texas. Further east, breeding range extends from central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, and southern Manitoba east to southern New Brunswick and central Nova Scotia; and south (east of the Rocky Mountains) to southern Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida. It is thought that Purple Martins migrate to South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998)\r\n\r\nField Marks: Overall, males show a deep, purplish-blue gloss; note the forked tail. Females are grayer below, and are palest on the belly.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, especially in the east, where it often inhabits 'multi-apartment' nest boxes erected by humans. Nests in artificial boxes or in cavities on the sides of buildings; generally 5 or more feet above the ground. Nest materials include grasses, leaves, twigs, feathers, mud, rags, and various other objects. May also nest in tree cavities, rock ledge on cliff face, or even under bridges. Note: Common Starlings and House Sparrows compete with Purple Martins for nesting sites.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-8, usually 4-5; 24 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 15-18 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 26-31 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 685,
"SPECIES_ID": 6981,
"CLO": 6982,
"SPEC_NAME": "Gray-breasted Martin",
"LATINNAME": "Progne chalybea",
"FAMILY_ID": "HIRU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pastures and in second-growth scrub habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico, Central America, and South America; considered a casual visitor to southern Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Males have glossy, bluish-black upperparts; grayish-brown on underparts, with whitish belly and undertail coverts. Females are similar but with dusky brown upperparts. Tail is forked.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 686,
"SPECIES_ID": 6982,
"CLO": 6983,
"SPEC_NAME": "Southern Martin",
"LATINNAME": "Progne modesta",
"FAMILY_ID": "HIRU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in second-growth scrub habitats and in seasonally wet grasslands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to South America; considered accidental in southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Adult males may not be safely separated from adult male Purple Martins in the field; females are told by lack of grayish-white belly (compare with female Purple and Gray-breasted Martins).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 687,
"SPECIES_ID": 6992,
"CLO": 6993,
"SPEC_NAME": "Northern Rough-winged Swallow",
"LATINNAME": "Stelgidopteryx serripennis",
"FAMILY_ID": "HIRU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.0",
"SECRETS": "The calls of this species and the Sand Martin (i.e., Bank Swallow) can sometimes be confused; Rough-winged's call is a simple, raspy or buzzy 'splurt' or 'brrrtt'; Sand Martin's call is more twittering: a long series of 'brrtt' notes.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Usually found near rivers or streams with steep banks, in open or partly open habitats; in migration, also frequents open country and more extensive wetlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in Baja California, most of Mexico, and throughout the continental United States (except southeastern Florida), north to southeastern Alaska, central British Columbia, central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, western & southern Ontario, southern Quebec, southwestern New Brunswick, and southwestern Nova Scotia. Generally winters from the extreme lower portions of the continental United States south into Mexico and Central America (A.O.U. 1998)\r\n\r\nField Marks: Upperparts are brown; undersides are white, but note grayish smudge on upper breast and throat, not to be confused with breast band of Sand Martin (i.e., Bank Swallow).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: May breed in loose colonies, but usually a solitary nester. Nests in burrows which it builds itself; also in burrows abandoned by other birds or mammals. Nest locations are usually on stream bank, but it may also use gravel pits, sides of buildings, or sewer pipes. Nest is generally placed 4 or more feet above the ground. Nest materials include grasses, leaves, small roots, and bark chips.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-8, usually 5-6; 18 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 19-21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 688,
"SPECIES_ID": 6995,
"CLO": 6996,
"SPEC_NAME": "Sand Martin",
"LATINNAME": "Riparia riparia",
"FAMILY_ID": "HIRU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.3 *",
"SECRETS": "The calls of this species & the N. Rough-winged Swallow can sometimes be confused; Sand Martin's call is a long, twittering series of 'brrtt' notes; Rough-winged's call is a raspy or buzzy 'brrrtt', given singly or occasionally repeated.",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "Bank Swallow",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open or partly open areas, usually near river or stream banks (where it nests, but it may also nest in bank of gravel pit, or on coastal cliffs). In migration, also frequents open country and more extensive wetlands.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from western & central Alaska and northern Yukon east across northwestern & south-central Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, south-central Quebec, and southern Labrador to southwestern Newfoundland; and south to central California, western Nevada, Utah, northern New Mexico, Kansas, northeastern Oklahoma, and Tennessee east to West Virginia and Virginia. Several disjunct populations are also known in central New Mexico, south-central Texas, and in Mexico. Migrates to South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Upperparts are brown; undersides are white, but note dark grayish-brown breast band, not to be confused with grayish smudge on upper breast and throat of Northern Rough-winged Swallow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests in burrows which it excavates itself; generally 4 or more feet above the ground. Nest materials include grasses, weed stems, small roots, pine needles, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-8, usually 4-5; 18 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14-16 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 18-24 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 689,
"SPECIES_ID": 7006,
"CLO": 7007,
"SPEC_NAME": "Barn Swallow",
"LATINNAME": "Hirundo rustica",
"FAMILY_ID": "HIRU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.3 ***",
"SECRETS": "Did you know that Cliff and Barn Swallow are at the center of an intense controversy? They nest under the eaves of buildings, where they deposit copious amount of white wash. As a conservationist, what, if anything, would you do about this?",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open areas, usually near water (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from south-coastal & southeastern Alaska and southern Yukon east across central-western Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario east to southern Newfoundland; and south to extreme northwestern Baja California, Mexico, the Gulf coast, north-central Florida, and southern North Carolina. Migrates to Mexico, Central America, and South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Deeply forked tail, reddish-orange throat, and buffy-orange underparts identify this swallow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies, but sometimes a solitary nester. Nests in a wide variety of situations, including caves, rock crevices on cliff face, under eaves of buildings, under bridges, or in burrows, generally from 6-40 or more feet above the ground. Most commonly seen nesting on sides of building or under bridges. Nest is a cup-shaped structure constructed of mud and grasses; and lined with feathers and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-7, usually 4-5; 19 mm.; white, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-17 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 18-23 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 690,
"SPECIES_ID": 7036,
"CLO": 7037,
"SPEC_NAME": "Cliff Swallow",
"LATINNAME": "Petrochelidon pyrrhonota",
"FAMILY_ID": "HIRU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.4 ***",
"SECRETS": "If you have ever seen Cliff Swallows flocking repeatedly to a shallow, muddy pool, they are not looking for water or food; on the contrary, they are gathering mud for use as nest-building material.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open areas, usually near water; presence is largely tied to presence of bridges, dams, or buildings on which it places its nests. In migration, also frequents more extensive wetlands.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from western & central Alaska and northern Yukon east across northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, and southern Quebec east to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia; and south to northern Baja California, Mexico, the Gulf coast (but note that on the Gulf coast it breeds only between Texas and southern Alabama), northern Georgia, and central South Carolina. Migrates to South America for the winter, but may occasionally be found in southern California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Square-cut tail, buffy-orange rump, and buffy forehead identify this swallow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests in a wide variety of situations, ranging from cliff and canyon walls, to bridges or dams, and on the side of buildings or barns. Nest is placed 3 or more feet above the ground; often very high (dams or bridges). Nest is a gourd-shaped structure constructed of mud and lined with feathers and grasses. Within the colony, many nests may be built, and adjacent nests may be touching one another; nests are frequently repaired for use in subsequent years.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 20 mm.; white, creamy-white, or pinkish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14-16 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 21-24 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 691,
"SPECIES_ID": 7037,
"CLO": 7038,
"SPEC_NAME": "Cave Swallow",
"LATINNAME": "Petrochelidon fulva",
"FAMILY_ID": "HIRU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "47.6 ***",
"SECRETS": "The Cave Swallow's positive population trend estimate of 47.6% per year is larger than any other species over the same time frame (1966-1996).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open areas, including grasslands, pastures, and in scrubby habitats; also frequents areas of human habitation. Nests on buildings, in caves or sinkholes, or under bridges (A.O.U. 1998; Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northern Arizona, southeastern New Mexico, and central & southern Texas south into Mexico. Wintering birds are now being found in southern Texas and Mexico, with strays regularly recorded in southern Florida, along parts of the Gulf coast, and northward along the Atlantic coast. Casual or accidental elsewhere in North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare closely with Cliff Swallow; told from that species by buff-color on the throat and by orangish forehead; throat color is diagnostic.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nest is placed 3 or more feet above the ground (see Habitat section above for nest locations). Nest is a cup-shaped structure constructed of mud and lined with feathers and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 3-4; 20 mm.; white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 15-18 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 21-23 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 692,
"SPECIES_ID": 7039,
"CLO": 7040,
"SPEC_NAME": "House Martin",
"LATINNAME": "Delichon urbica",
"FAMILY_ID": "HIRU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "Common House-Martin",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in or near areas of human settlement (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and India; considered accidental in Alaska; a casual visitor to Greenland (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: White underparts, dark blue upperparts, forked tail, and white rump.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 693,
"SPECIES_ID": 7047,
"CLO": 7048,
"SPEC_NAME": "Ruby-crowned Kinglet",
"LATINNAME": "Regulus calendula",
"FAMILY_ID": "REGU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.8 *",
"SECRETS": "Ruby-crowned Kinglets have a blackish area in wing, below the 2nd wing bar; this feature is absent from similar Hutton's Vireo. Presence of Ruby-crowned Kinglet is often revealed by its dry 'ji-dit' call note.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a wide variety of habitats ranging from areas of brushy or dense second-growth to park-like and riparian woodlands, more densely stocked woodlands and forests, and muskeg (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and north-central Yukon east across northwestern and southern Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario east to Labrador and Newfoundland; and south to south-central and eastern California, central & southern Arizona, southern New Mexico, east-central Colorado, and southwestern South Dakota. Further east, range extends south to central-eastern Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, northern New York, northern Maine, and Nova Scotia. In the winter, it is found throughout Baja California, most of Mexico, in southern Texas, along the Gulf coast, and in southern Florida north to southwestern British Columbia, Idaho, Utah, northern New Mexico, southeastern Nebraska, Kansas, Illinois, southern Michigan, southern Ontario, and New Jersey (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Olive-green upperparts, two white wing bars, conspicuous eye ring, and (in males, but not always visible) red crown patch. Song is comprised of several high-pitched introductory notes followed by a rapid, jumbling cacophony of rich, bubbly notes. Note habit of frequently flicking its wings, as if it were nervous.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to 2-100 feet above the ground. Nest is a pendulous structure built from moss, lichens, plant down, twigs, and leaves.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-11, usually 7-9; 14 mm.; white or cream in color, with brown or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 694,
"SPECIES_ID": 7052,
"CLO": 7053,
"SPEC_NAME": "Golden-crowned Kinglet",
"LATINNAME": "Regulus satrapa",
"FAMILY_ID": "REGU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.3 *",
"SECRETS": "Golden-crowned Kinglets often forage high in the canopy, when their presence is usually only revealed by its high-pitched 'tsee-tsee-tsee' call. Note that this call is usually 3-syllabled; compare with Brown Creeper's call.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in coniferous forests and woodlands; during migration and winter, also frequents deciduous woodlands and park-like habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern Alaska and southern Yukon east across northern Alberta, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, and south-central Quebec east to Nova Scotia and Newfoundland; and south to south-central California, extreme western & northeastern Nevada (note absence from central Nevada in breeding season), southern Utah, central & southeastern Arizona, and southern New Mexico (and south into Mexico). Further east, range extends south to central eastern Alberta, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, and New York; also to southeastern Pennsylvania, north-central Maryland, and northern New Jersey. Finally, it breeds locally south in the Appalachian Mountains to Tennessee and North Carolina. In the winter, it is found in south-coastal Alaska and from southern Canada south to northern Baja California, Mexico, the Gulf coast, and northern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Olive-gray upperparts, two white wing bars; differs from Ruby-crowned Kinglet by having dark eye line, white eyebrow, and dark line above eyebrow. Crown is orangish-yellow in male; yellow in female. May be found singly or in small flocks. Song consists of several high-pitched introductory notes followed by a chickadee-like chatter.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to 4-60 feet above the ground. Nest is a globular or pendulous structure built from mosses and lichens, and lined with bark strips, small roots, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-11, usually 8-9; 14 mm.; white or cream in color, with brown or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14-15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14-19 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 695,
"SPECIES_ID": 7065,
"CLO": 7066,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-whiskered Bulbul",
"LATINNAME": "Pycnonotus jocosus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PYCN",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in suburban areas and in parks (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia and India; introduced (and now established) in Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note crest, white underparts, reddish undertail coverts. Red patch just below and behind eye clinches identification.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrub or tree. Lays 3 eggs. Both sexes incubate the eggs; incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 696,
"SPECIES_ID": 7440,
"CLO": 7441,
"SPEC_NAME": "Lanceolated Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Locustella lanceolata",
"FAMILY_ID": "SYLV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshes and wet meadows (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia; considered accidental in Alaska and California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note olive-brown upperparts, which are streaked; white below, with dark brown streaking on breast. Compare with Middendorff's Warbler, which is larger.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in dense grassy and bushy areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia; considered a casual visitor to Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note olive-brown upperparts, which are streaked. Underparts vary from mostly white in breeding season to dull yellow in the fall, when it may also show faint streaks on breast (compare with smaller Lanceolated Warbler). White eyebrow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 698,
"SPECIES_ID": 7557,
"CLO": 7558,
"SPEC_NAME": "Wood Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Phylloscopus sibilatrix",
"FAMILY_ID": "SYLV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forests and woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe and Asia; considered accidental in Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Pale grayish-olive upperparts; underparts are white, with yellow on throat and breast. Wings show yellowish hue.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 699,
"SPECIES_ID": 7558,
"CLO": 7559,
"SPEC_NAME": "Dusky Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Phylloscopus fuscatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "SYLV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in bushes or scrubby habitats in hilly or mountainous areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia and India; considered a casual visitor to Alaska; accidental in California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Grayish-brown back and wings, with no wing bars (compare with similar Arctic Warbler). Breast and belly are dull white or buff-colored.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 700,
"SPECIES_ID": 7573,
"CLO": 7574,
"SPEC_NAME": "Arctic Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Phylloscopus borealis",
"FAMILY_ID": "SYLV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in riparian areas, where it frequents dense willow, birch, or alder thickets (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range encompasses western and central Alaska; also breeds in Europe and Asia. Winters in Asia; considered accidental in California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Olive-colored back and wings; wings usually show a faint, whitish wing bar. Whitish or yellowish-white eyebrow bends slightly upward at rear of head. Underparts are mostly white, but in the fall become more yellowish. Compare with Orange-crowned and Tennessee Warblers; also with Dusky Warbler.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, where it builds a dome- or oven-shaped nest with a side entrance. Nest materials include weed stems, grasses, and mosses; nest is lined with fine grass and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-7, usually 6-7; 16 mm.; white in color, sometimes with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Young are capable of flight when they are about 11-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 701,
"SPECIES_ID": 7630,
"CLO": 7631,
"SPEC_NAME": "Wrentit",
"LATINNAME": "Chamaea fasciata",
"FAMILY_ID": "SYLV",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.9",
"SECRETS": "Like the California Thrasher, Wrentits can sometimes be found eating poison oak berries.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in chaparral, coastal sage scrub, and other brushy areas, including suburban areas with dense undergrowth (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident in coastal areas from northwestern Oregon south to northwestern Baja California; range extends somewhat into the interior in northern and central California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Generally grayish-brown, but birds in the northern part of the range are more reddish-brown; underparts are slightly paler, and have dusky streaking. Note pale eye. Song consists of a series of loud, emphatic, whistle-like notes followed by a trill; suggests a bouncing ball with increasing tempo at the end; also gives a grinding, rattle-like call.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, generally up to 1-15 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from bark, grasses, spider's silk, and plant fibers; and is lined with animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 18 mm.; light greenish-blue.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 15-16 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 15-16 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 702,
"SPECIES_ID": 7948,
"CLO": 7949,
"SPEC_NAME": "Carolina Chickadee",
"LATINNAME": "Poecile carolinensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.9 ****",
"SECRETS": "The ranges of the Carolina & Black-capped Chickadees overlap slightly; an interesting overlap area is the Great Smoky Mountains in TN, where Carolina Chickadees are absent as a breeding bird above 1200 m, which is where Black-cappeds breed.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in woodlands, parks, suburban areas, and in residential areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from southern Kansas south to central and southeastern Texas; and east to central Missouri, central Illinois, central Indiana, northern Ohio, southern Pennsylvania, and central New Jersey. Along the Atlantic coast, range extends south to central Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black cap and bib, grayish back and wings, and white underparts. Told from Black-capped Chickadees by voice (4-note song), and by absence of white streaking in wing.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in natural cavities, or in cavity which it excavates itself, generally up to 1-23 feet above the ground. Nest is usually in a tree, but can also be placed in a pipe, bird house, or in wooden post. Nest materials include mosses, bark strips, grasses, plant down, feathers, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-8, usually 6; 15 mm.; white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 13-17 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 703,
"SPECIES_ID": 7949,
"CLO": 7950,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-capped Chickadee",
"LATINNAME": "Poecile atricapillus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.4 ****",
"SECRETS": "Roger Tory Peterson once described this species' song as 'fee-bee', with the first note higher. To the novice birder, however, hearing this song without seeing the bird immediately causes one to think they have found an Eastern Phoebe!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in woodlands, parks, suburban areas, and in residential areas; may occur almost anywhere that there are at least a few trees and shrubs present.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends from Alaska and southern Yukon east across southwestern Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, north-central Manitoba, and northern Ontario east to south-central Quebec and Newfoundland; and south to northwestern California, southern Oregon, northeastern Nevada, southeastern Utah, central New Mexico, southern Kansas, southwestern and central Missouri, central Illinois, and northern Indiana east to southern Pennsylvania and northern New Jersey. Range extends locally south in the Appalachian Mountains to western Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina (A.O.U. 1998). Range overlaps slightly with Carolina Chickadee, but in some years irruptions occur and Black-cappeds move further south than the range described above. Note: some hybridization does occur between Black-capped and Carolina Chickadees (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black cap and bib, grayish back and wings, and white underparts. Told from Carolina Chickadees by voice (2- or 3-note song), and by presence of white streaking (i.e., white edgings to wing coverts and secondary feathers) in wing.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in natural cavities, or in cavity which it excavates itself, generally up to 10 or more feet above the ground. Nest is usually in a tree, but can also be placed in a bird house. Nest materials include animal hair, mosses, feathers, insect cocoons, and other plant fibers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-10, usually 6-8; 16 mm.; white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14-18 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 704,
"SPECIES_ID": 7950,
"CLO": 7951,
"SPEC_NAME": "Mountain Chickadee",
"LATINNAME": "Poecile gambeli",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.6",
"SECRETS": "This a bird of montane environments, but there is usually some movements to lower elevations in the winter. However, in some winters it may make notable invasions into lowlands and interior valleys.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in montane coniferous forests; also frequents pine-oak and riparian woodlands, and suburban areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends from northwestern and central British Columbia, west-central Alberta, and central Montana south (but generally absent from coastal mountain ranges) to northern Baja California, southern California, southern Nevada, central and southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and extreme western Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to other chickadees, but has white eyebrow above black eye line; sides also tend to be grayer, with some variation.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in natural cavities, or in cavity which it excavates itself, generally up to 15 or more feet above the ground. Nest is usually in a tree, but can also be placed in a bird house. Nest materials include plant fibers, animal hair, mosses, and fur.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-12, usually 5-9; 16 mm.; white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 705,
"SPECIES_ID": 7951,
"CLO": 7952,
"SPEC_NAME": "Mexican Chickadee",
"LATINNAME": "Poecile sclateri",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coniferous (pine, spruce/fir, or pine-oak) forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends from extreme southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Mountain Chickadee, but lacks white eyebrow, and black bib is more extensive, continuing from throat onto the upper breast. Calls have a buzzy and wheezy quality to them.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in cavities, generally up to 5-45 feet above the ground. Nest materials include plant down and fur.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-8, usually 6; 14 mm.; white in color, with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 706,
"SPECIES_ID": 7954,
"CLO": 7955,
"SPEC_NAME": "Siberian Tit",
"LATINNAME": "Poecile cinctus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "Grey-headed Chickadee",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in boreal coniferous forest patches, and in stream basins; also frequents willow and aspen thickets (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range includes Alaska, northern Yukon, and northwestern Mackenzie; also breeds in Europe and Asia (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Grayish-brown head and back; wings and tail grayer; wings have pale edgings on coverts. Sides and flanks have a light buffy color. Compare with Boreal Chickadee, which has a smaller white cheek patch, gray wing coverts, and grayish-brown sides and flanks.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in tree cavities, generally up to 5-7 feet above the ground. Nest materials include mosses and fur.\r\n\r\nEggs: 6-9; 16 mm.; white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 707,
"SPECIES_ID": 7955,
"CLO": 7956,
"SPEC_NAME": "Boreal Chickadee",
"LATINNAME": "Poecile hudsonicus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-4.6 ****",
"SECRETS": "In the Great Lakes region, looking for Boreal Chickadee's can be a hit-or-miss proposition; too often, the call you hear turns out to be a Black-capped Chickadee. Listen for Boreal's slower, more nasal 'chick-chee-day-day'.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in boreal coniferous and in mixed coniferous-deciduous woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends from Alaska and northern Yukon east across northwestern and southeastern Mackenzie, northern Ontario, and northern Quebec east to northern Labrador and Newfoundland; and south to British Columbia, north-central and northeastern Washington, northwestern Montana, southwestern and central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, and northern New York east to northern New Hampshire, central Maine, and Nova Scotia. Post-breeding wanderers are documented as far south as Maryland, Iowa, and West Virginia (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Grayish-brown above, with noticeably brown cap; sides and flanks are brown or rufous in color. Compare with Siberian Tit, which has a larger white cheek patch, pale edges on wing coverts, and buffy sides and flanks.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in natural cavities, or in cavity which it excavates itself, generally up to 10 feet above the ground. Nest materials include mosses, lichens, bark strips, plant down, and animal hair or fur.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-9, usually 5-8; 16 mm.; white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 18 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 708,
"SPECIES_ID": 7956,
"CLO": 7957,
"SPEC_NAME": "Chestnut-backed Chickadee",
"LATINNAME": "Poecile rufescens",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.4",
"SECRETS": "In the Fall, do you want to find lots of warblers? Walk through the woods and listen for the calls of the Chickadee; warblers often won't be too far behind (they flock together). This trick works in the East, too!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous woodlands; also frequents oak and riparian woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident from south-coastal and southeastern Alaska south (primarily through the coast ranges) to southern California. Range extends inland to south-central British Columbia, northern Idaho, and northwestern Montana; also through the interior ranges of California to the central region of that state (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Chestnut back is unique among chickadees; also note chestnut sides and flanks, which are present on most individuals except for birds on the central California coast.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: May breed in loose colonies. Nests in natural cavities, or in cavity which it excavates itself, generally up to 20 or more feet above the ground. Nest materials include mosses, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-9, usually 6-7; 16 mm.; white in color, with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 709,
"SPECIES_ID": 7991,
"CLO": 7993,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bridled Titmouse",
"LATINNAME": "Baeolophus wollweberi",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in oak and pine-oak woodlands (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends from Mexico north into central and southeastern Arizona and to southwestern and south-central New Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black bib and black-and-white facial pattern are unique among North American titmice.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in natural cavities, generally up to 4-28 feet above the ground. Nest materials include plant down, grasses, leaves, and other vegetation; also fur and insect cocoons.\r\n\r\nEggs: 5-7; 16 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 710,
"SPECIES_ID": 7992,
"CLO": 7994,
"SPEC_NAME": "Oak Titmouse",
"LATINNAME": "Baeolophus inornatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Formerly classified with the Juniper Titmouse under the name Plain Titmouse.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in oak and pine-oak woodlands; also frequents chaparral interspersed with trees or tall shrubs (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends from southwestern Oregon south to southern Baja California; specifically occurs west of the Sierra Nevada. Note: it is absent from most of central Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Drab, grayish-brown titmouse; note crest.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in natural cavities, generally up to 3-35 feet above the ground. Nest materials include mosses, grasses, and other plant vegetation; and is lined with feathers, animal hair, and fur.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-9, usually 6-8; 17 mm.; white in color, sometimes with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14-16 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 16-21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 711,
"SPECIES_ID": 7993,
"CLO": 7995,
"SPEC_NAME": "Juniper Titmouse",
"LATINNAME": "Baeolophus ridgwayi",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Formerly classified with the Oak Titmouse under the name Plain Titmouse; most field guides do not yet have good field marks that can be used to separate these two species in the field.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pinyon-juniper woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends from southeastern Oregon and northeastern Nevada east across southeastern Idaho, southern Wyoming, and central Colorado to extreme western Oklahoma; and south to southeastern California, central and southeastern Arizona, northwestern Mexico, southern New Mexico, and extreme western Texas; specifically occurs east of the Sierra Nevada range in California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Drab, grayish titmouse; note crest.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in natural cavities, generally up to 3-35 feet above the ground. Nest materials include mosses, grasses, and other plant vegetation; and is lined with feathers, animal hair, and fur.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-9, usually 6-8; 17 mm.; white in color, sometimes with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14-16 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 16-21 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 712,
"SPECIES_ID": 7994,
"CLO": 7996,
"SPEC_NAME": "Tufted Titmouse",
"LATINNAME": "Baeolophus bicolor",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.0 ****",
"SECRETS": "Birders who are well-versed in the ways of 'pishing' (i.e., making squeaky noises with one's mouth) can attract large flocks of chickadees, titmice, sparrows, and some warblers; all without taking a step! Try it out yourself.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forests and woodlands, including riparian woodlands; also frequents suburban and residential areas, and park-like habitats with tall trees (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range along the Atlantic coast extends from central Maine south to southern Florida; and west to southern Ontario, southeastern Minnesota, northeastern Nebraska, central Kansas, west-central Oklahoma, and western and northern Texas (including the Gulf coast). From Texas, range extends south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Like all titmice, has a distinct crest; plumage is enhanced by rusty flanks. Note black forehead; black-crested form of this species, formerly recognized as a distinct species, occurs in the southwestern portion of Tufted Titmouse's range.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in natural cavities, generally up to 3-90 feet above the ground. Nest is usually in a tree, but can also be placed in a pipe, bird house, or in wooden post. Nest materials include wool, mosses, leaves, bark, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-8, usually 5-7; 18 mm.; white or cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 15-18 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 713,
"SPECIES_ID": 8088,
"CLO": 8090,
"SPEC_NAME": "Sky Lark",
"LATINNAME": "Alauda arvensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALAU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in fields with tall grass (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, and Africa. In migration, regularly found in the western Aleutian Islands. Introduced (and now established) in British Columbia, on southern Vancouver Island; and has recently spread to San Juan Island, Washington; it is resident in both of these areas. Considered accidental in California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Brownish-gray back and wings, buffy-white below. Back is streaked, and dark streaking also occurs on breast. May display a slight crest. Also note dark eye.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, in grasslands or in crop fields; nest is a saucer-shaped depression lined with roots, grasses, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 3-4; 24 mm.; grayish-white in color, with brown or olive markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 714,
"SPECIES_ID": 8092,
"CLO": 8094,
"SPEC_NAME": "Horned Lark",
"LATINNAME": "Eremophila alpestris",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALAU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.3 ****",
"SECRETS": "Often occurs in the same fields frequented by longspurs or pipits; some pipit calls resemble the 2-note call of the Horned Lark. Horned Lark's call is best remembered by its sound: 'See-dirt' or 'tsee-ti'.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a variety of open habitats, including tundra, short-grass prairies or pastures, grassy mountain balds, agricultural areas with limited vegetation, plowed fields, etc.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern Baja California, Mexico, southeastern Texas, northern Louisiana, northwestern Mississippi, northern Alabama, and South Carolina north to the Arctic coast of Canada and Alaska. Generally winters from southern Canada south throughout the breeding range to the Gulf coast and southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Brownish upperparts; paler below, with thick, black moustache. Small, black 'horns' on sides of head are diagnostic; also note black breast band. Throat color varies from yellow to white, depending on the subspecies in your area. Tail is dark with white outer tail feathers. It is often hard to pinpoint the precise location of the bird when it sings its twinkling, twitter-like song; song may be given while the bird is on the ground or in flight.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on bare ground; nest is a saucer-shaped depression built with grasses and sometimes lined with feathers, roots, plant down, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 3-4; 22 mm.; grayish-white or greenish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 715,
"SPECIES_ID": 8095,
"CLO": 8097,
"SPEC_NAME": "House Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Passer domesticus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PASS",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.2 ****",
"SECRETS": "This non-native bird competes with other, native species (e.g., bluebirds, swallows, woodpeckers) for cavity nest sites. If you run a bluebird box trail, check it regularly for unwanted House Sparrows & evict House Sparrow nests when found.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Typically not found far from places of human habitation.\r\n\r\nDistribution: This Old World species was introduced into North America in 1850, and is now established throughout most of the continent. Resident breeding range extends from Baja California, Mexico, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida north to central and southeastern British Columbia, southwestern Mackenzie, northwestern and central Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, central Ontario, southern Quebec, and Newfoundland (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Gray crown, black bib, and chestnut-colored nape identify the male; female is a plain brown bird with buffy-brown eyebrow; unstreaked breast in female separates it from several other similar-sized finches and sparrows.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in a variety of places, most commonly in a cavity in the side of a building, or under the eaves of a building; also occasionally in shrubs or trees (where it builds a dome-shaped nest) and, unfortunately, in natural tree cavities or in the cavities of nest boxes intended for other species. Generally nests up to about 40 feet above the ground. Nest materials include: grass, straw, feathers, string, and other materials. Call is 'cheap', usually repeated several times in succession.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 4-6; 23 mm.; white, light blue, or light green in color, with a few brown or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 10-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14-17 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 716,
"SPECIES_ID": 8108,
"CLO": 8110,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eurasian Tree Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Passer montanus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PASS",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "4.4",
"SECRETS": "Why has this species not spread throughout the North American continent, like the House Sparrow? Some scientists theorize that competition with the House Sparrow limits its ability to expand outward.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Generally found in open woodlands and in cultivated or brushy fields; also may occur near or around places of human habitation.\r\n\r\nDistribution: This Old World species was introduced into North America in 1870; originally limited to the immediate St. Louis, MO, area, but has since spread into east-central Missouri and western Illinois; a scattering of observations have also been reported from more distant locations (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Combination of black bib, black ear patch, and brown crown separate this species from similar House Sparrow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in cavities -- either in tree, on side of building, or in nest box. Nest materials include feathers, grass, and other vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-8, usually 4-6; 20 mm.; white or light gray in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 717,
"SPECIES_ID": 8270,
"CLO": 8272,
"SPEC_NAME": "White Wagtail",
"LATINNAME": "Motacilla alba",
"FAMILY_ID": "MOTA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along cliffs, villages, and debris on the Arctic coast; also frequents gravelly river flats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in western Alaska; also breeds in Europe and Asia; winters in southern Eurasia south to Africa, coastal areas along the Indian Ocean, and in the East Indies and the Philippines (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: White forehead, black crown and nape, gray back, black wings with conspicuous white wing patch; black on throat and upper breast; forehead, belly, and undertail coverts are white.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in rock crevice, under rocks, in cavity or crevice on side of building or stream bank, under bridges, or among the roots of trees, generally within 10 feet of the ground. Nest is built from grass, roots, twigs, and other vegetation; and is lined with grasses, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-8, usually 5-6; 20 mm.; bluish-white or gray in color, with brown or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14-15 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 718,
"SPECIES_ID": 8271,
"CLO": 8273,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-backed Wagtail",
"LATINNAME": "Motacilla lugens",
"FAMILY_ID": "MOTA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found near seacoasts, but also frequents forest edge, second-growth woodlands, and towns (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia; in migration, can be found in the western Aleutian Islands; occasionally breeds in western and southwestern Alaska; considered casual or accidental elsewhere in North America (usually on the west coast, but it has been found in North Carolina) (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black back; mostly white wings (with dark tips); white chin, forehead, and underparts; black breast; amount of black on breast is reduced in winter plumage.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not regularly breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 719,
"SPECIES_ID": 8277,
"CLO": 8279,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow-hooded Wagtail",
"LATINNAME": "Motacilla citreola",
"FAMILY_ID": "MOTA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "Citrine Wagtail",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along streams, lakes, marshes, and meadows; also frequents scrubby tundra habitats. Usually near water (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, and India; considered accidental in Mississippi (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Males have bright yellow head and underparts; back is gray, and wings have two conspicuous white wing bars.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 720,
"SPECIES_ID": 8278,
"CLO": 8280,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow Wagtail",
"LATINNAME": "Motacilla flava",
"FAMILY_ID": "MOTA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in the Arctic tundra, usually in areas with willow and birch thickets (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in western and northern Alaska, in northern Yukon, and in extreme northwestern Mackenzie; also breeds in Europe, Asia, and Africa; winters in Africa, India, Asia, and sometimes in northern Australia. Also seen in migration in western Alaska and in the Aleutian Islands; considered a casual visitor elsewhere in North America (mostly along the west coast) (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Upperparts are variably grayish-olive; generally yellow below in breeding season, with underparts varying from whitish to yellow in the fall and winter. Birds that breed in Alaska have a faint breast band. Females are similar to males, but duller.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, often under edge of tussock or overhanging bank. Nest is built from grass, leaves, small roots, and mosses; and is lined with animal hair and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-7, usually 5-6; 19 mm.; buff to dull white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 10-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 15-16 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 721,
"SPECIES_ID": 8279,
"CLO": 8281,
"SPEC_NAME": "Gray Wagtail",
"LATINNAME": "Motacilla cinerea",
"FAMILY_ID": "MOTA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along streams, often in montane regions; also frequents seashores and other open areas, including pastures and meadows (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and India; considered a casual visitor in migration to the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Upperparts are gray, but note yellowish rump. Breast, belly, and undertail coverts are yellow; throat is black in breeding males, otherwise appears whitish in color.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 722,
"SPECIES_ID": 8310,
"CLO": 8312,
"SPEC_NAME": "Tree Pipit",
"LATINNAME": "Anthus trivialis",
"FAMILY_ID": "MOTA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open and semi-open areas, usually with scattered trees and bushes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and India; considered accidental in Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Grayish-brown upperparts; white below, with buffy wash across breast; dark brown streaks on breast and flanks. Back also shows dark streaking, but there is no streaking on upper rump; legs are pink.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 723,
"SPECIES_ID": 8311,
"CLO": 8313,
"SPEC_NAME": "Olive-backed Pipit",
"LATINNAME": "Anthus hodgsoni",
"FAMILY_ID": "MOTA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in taiga, along forest edge, in bogs and alpine scrub habitats, and in montane forest, including clearings and adjacent meadows; in winter, also frequents open woodlands, plantations, and second-growth areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia and India; considered a casual visitor in migration to the Aleutian Islands; accidental in Nevada (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Upperparts are olive-gray; note buffy-yellow throat, speckled breast band, and white belly and undertail coverts. Lores are yellow; whitish eyebrow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 724,
"SPECIES_ID": 8312,
"CLO": 8314,
"SPEC_NAME": "Pechora Pipit",
"LATINNAME": "Anthus gustavi",
"FAMILY_ID": "MOTA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tundra habitats with woody or shrubby vegetation; also frequents swampy scrub, wet meadows, open woodlands, and marshes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia; considered a casual visitor to Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Whitish throat, dark speckling/streaking on breast and flanks, whitish belly. Back and crown are streaked with contrasting black and rufous colors. Compare closely with Red-throated Pipit.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 725,
"SPECIES_ID": 8314,
"CLO": 8316,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-throated Pipit",
"LATINNAME": "Anthus cervinus",
"FAMILY_ID": "MOTA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in coastal mountain and lowland tundra, usually in rocky areas; in migration, also frequents open grasslands and cultivated fields, usually near water (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in western Alaska; also breeds in Europe and Asia; winters in Africa, India, and Asia. Also seen in migration in western Aleutian Islands; is a rare visitor to the coast of northwestern, central, and southern California during the fall migration; considered casual or accidental in Arizona and Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Head has pinkish-rufous wash to it, primarily on throat, sides of head, and eyebrow. Back is dark brown, with darker streaks; but also note several buffy-white streaks on the back; wings have two buffy-white wing bars. Underparts are buffy, with dark streaks on breast, sides, and flanks.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, often under edge of mossy hummock or other vegetation. Nest materials include grass and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-7, usually 5-6; 19 mm.; blue or olive-gray in color, with brown and black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 11-13 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 726,
"SPECIES_ID": 8318,
"CLO": 8320,
"SPEC_NAME": "Buff-bellied Pipit",
"LATINNAME": "Anthus rubescens",
"FAMILY_ID": "MOTA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Call, a silky 'pi-pit', is given in flight and has accent on second syllable; compare with call of Horned Lark.",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "American Pipit",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in the Arctic tundra, on rocky Arctic and alpine slopes, and in alpine meadows; during migration and winter, also frequents grassy fields, agricultural fields, seacoasts and beaches, exposed mudflats, sandy areas, and wet meadows (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: In the west, breeding range extends from Alaska and northern Yukon south through British Columbia and southwestern Alberta to Washington and western Montana; from there, more locally (on mountain tops) from Oregon, Utah, and Colorado south to California, northern Baja California, northern Arizona, and northern New Mexico. Further east, it breeds in Greenland and in the Arctic islands south to south-central and southeastern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, northern Manitoba, extreme northern Ontario, southern Labrador, and Newfoundland; and from there more locally in southeastern Quebec, New Hampshire, and northern Maine. During the winter, it can be found in coastal areas (north to southern British Columbia and southern New York) south to Baja California, Mexico, and Central America; more casually winters in the interior of the southern United States, and sometimes even further north (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Buffy underparts have dark brown streaking on breast, extending to sides and flanks. Dark tail has white outer tail feathers. Brownish-gray back and wings. While walking, often pumps its tail up and down. Sometimes forms large flocks of 100 or more birds.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, often under edge of rock or mossy hummock. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, twigs, and animal hair; sometimes nest is a simple scrape or depression.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 4-5; 20 mm.; grayish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 13-15 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 727,
"SPECIES_ID": 8323,
"CLO": 8325,
"SPEC_NAME": "Sprague's Pipit",
"LATINNAME": "Anthus spragueii",
"FAMILY_ID": "MOTA",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-4.7 ****",
"SECRETS": "On the breeding grounds, male's spiraling, descending flight song, given high overhead (at times the bird is barely visible), resembles sound of a necklace being swirled around the inside of a ceramic bowl.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in short-grass prairies; outside of breeding season, also frequents fields with taller grass (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from north-central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, and west-central and southern Manitoba south to Montana, western South Dakota, North Dakota, and northwestern Minnesota. Also breeds locally in north-central British Columbia. Generally winters from south-central and southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, central and eastern Texas, southern Kansas, southern Oklahoma, Arkansas, southern Missouri, northwestern Mississippi, and Louisiana south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This bird remains hidden in grass, and is often difficult to observe. Back and wings are heavily streaked with buff and black colors; note also the two buffy wing bars, and white outer tail feathers. Underparts vary from buffy-white throat and belly to buffy or buffy-brown breast and flanks; note necklace of darker streaking across the breast. Upper mandible is dark; lower mandible is pale in comparison. Legs are pinkish in color (compare with Buff-bellied Pipit). Male gives song in flight, high overhead; then dives rapidly back to earth. \r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, or in a tuft of grass. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 21 mm.; grayish-white in color, with purple-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that the female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Young are capable of flight when they are about 10-11 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 728,
"SPECIES_ID": 8335,
"CLO": 8337,
"SPEC_NAME": "Siberian Accentor",
"LATINNAME": "Prunella montanella",
"FAMILY_ID": "PRUN",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open coniferous or mixed woodlands, in scrubby riparian areas, and in second-growth habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia; considered a casual visitor to Alaska; accidental in British Columbia, Washington, and Idaho (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Brown back, with dull orange streaking; buffy-orange underparts and eyebrow. Patch of gray on side of neck fades into faint breast band. Note dark auricular patch and crown.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 729,
"SPECIES_ID": 8636,
"CLO": 8638,
"SPEC_NAME": "Brambling",
"LATINNAME": "Fringilla montifringilla",
"FAMILY_ID": "FRIN",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forests, along forest edge, and in birch and willow scrub; also frequents weedy fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and India; regularly migrates through the Aleutian Islands, where it has nested once; considered a casual visitor to western and south-coastal Alaska and elsewhere in western North America; some records also exist for eastern North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In flight, look for the white rump. Buffy-orange shoulders; variably spotted on flanks; belly is whitish. Adult male has black head and nape; female's head and nape is gray, with dark stripes on nape. In all plumages, note buffy-orange breast.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not regularly breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 730,
"SPECIES_ID": 8679,
"CLO": 8681,
"SPEC_NAME": "Gray-capped Greenfinch",
"LATINNAME": "Carduelis sinica",
"FAMILY_ID": "FRIN",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"ALTERNATE_NAME": "Oriental Greenfinch",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open woodlands; also frequents cultivated areas with trees or shrubs (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe and Asia; considered a casual visitor in migration to the western Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Gray cap (and nape) is present only on adult males; female's head is brownish in color. Undertail coverts are yellow; dark wings have large, yellow patch.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 731,
"SPECIES_ID": 8683,
"CLO": 8685,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eurasian Siskin",
"LATINNAME": "Carduelis spinus",
"FAMILY_ID": "FRIN",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coniferous woodlands; also frequents birch and alder thickets (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe and Asia; considered accidental in Alaska; reports from elsewhere in North America may be of escaped individuals (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Streaked underparts. Male has black crown, forehead, and chin; greenish back; yellowish wash on upper breast, and yellowish wing bars and rump; base of outer tail feathers are also yellow. Female is duller.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 732,
"SPECIES_ID": 8684,
"CLO": 8686,
"SPEC_NAME": "Pine Siskin",
"LATINNAME": "Carduelis pinus",
"FAMILY_ID": "FRIN",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.7",
"SECRETS": "Flight call sounds like the word 'treat' but with a 2-syllabled quality to it: 'tr-reat'. Other calls include an ascending 'zzzzrrreee', with an emphasis on the z's.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in woodlands and forests, usually with a coniferous component; in parks, and in suburban and residential areas; and it also frequents open or brushy fields, pastures, savannas, and semi-open areas with scattered trees (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central and south-coastal Alaska and central Yukon east across southwestern Mackenzie, northwestern and east-central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, and northern Ontario east to southern Labrador and Newfoundland; and south to south-central California, northern Baja California, southern Nevada, northern and southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico (and south into Mexico), western Texas, southwestern Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, and central Illinois east to southern New Jersey; also breeds locally south in the Appalachian Mountains to western Virginia and western North Carolina. Within the southern area of its range that lies east of the Rockies, nesting is described as irregular and sporadic. Generally winters throughout the breeding range (but predominantly in the southern part) south irregularly into northern Mexico, Baja California, the Gulf coast, and northern Florida (A.O.U. 1998). Like other finches, this is an irruptive species, and numbers in the winter in the southern part of its range widely fluctuate from year to year.\r\n\r\nField Marks: This greenish or brownish-green bird is streaked above and below; note yellowish-green wing bars and wing patch; outer portion of tail, at the base, is also yellowish-green. Note that bill is thinner than in other finches; compare especially with female House Finch. In winter, often seen in flocks; especially in invasion years, when flocks may number 100 or more individuals.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: May breed in loose colonies. Nests in trees, generally up to about 8-50 feet above the ground. Nest is a saucer-shaped structure built from twigs, small roots, and grass; and lined with animal hair, fur, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-5, usually 3-4; 17 mm.; light greenish-blue in color, with black or lavender markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14-15 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 733,
"SPECIES_ID": 8698,
"CLO": 8700,
"SPEC_NAME": "American Goldfinch",
"LATINNAME": "Carduelis tristis",
"FAMILY_ID": "FRIN",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.8 ****",
"SECRETS": "Common flight call is 'per-chik-or-ree', with emphasis on second syllable.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in weedy fields, farmlands and cultivated lands, open woodlands, and along forest edge; also frequents orchards and second-growth habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern British Columbia and north-central Alberta east across central Saskatchewan, west-central and southern Manitoba, and central Ontario east to Nova Scotia and southwestern Newfoundland; and south to southern California (but west of the Sierra Nevada and southeastern CA deserts); east of California, breeding range extends south to: eastern Oregon, central Nevada, southern Utah, southern Colorado, central Oklahoma, extreme northeastern Texas, northern Louisiana, and northern Mississippi east to central Georgia and South Carolina. Generally winters from southern Canada (i.e., southern British Columbia and southern portions of provinces from Manitoba east to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia) and the northern U.S. south to northern Baja California, northern Mexico, southern New Mexico, western and southern Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Breeding males, with bright yellow plumage, black cap, black wings, and black tail is easily recognized. Female is duller: yellow below, olive-yellow above, and she does not have black cap. In winter, males lose black cap, and both males and females become more brown or gray in overall color; however, always note the white undertail coverts (compare with Lesser Goldfinch).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, generally up to about 1-33 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from plant fibers and lined with plant down.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 4-6; 16 mm.; light blue.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 10-12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 11-17 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 734,
"SPECIES_ID": 8699,
"CLO": 8701,
"SPEC_NAME": "Lesser Goldfinch",
"LATINNAME": "Carduelis psaltria",
"FAMILY_ID": "FRIN",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.9 ***",
"SECRETS": "Presence of Lesser Goldfinches is often revealed by its cat-like 'cheeo' call.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in semi-open areas with scattered trees, along woodland edge, and in second-growth habitats; also frequents open or brushy fields, pastures, and areas of human habitation (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends from southwestern Washington and western Oregon east and south across northern California, northern Utah, and southwestern and central Colorado to western Oklahoma; and south to southern Baja California and into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Adult males have black cap; back color varies from black (eastern birds) to greenish (western birds). Females are yellow below and olive-yellow above, and do not have black cap. Can be confused with American Goldfinch; however, always note the yellow undertail coverts and white wing patch at the base of the primary feathers.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, generally up to about 2-30 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from plant fibers, mosses, and grass and lined with plant down and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 15 mm.; light bluish-green or light bluish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and that both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 735,
"SPECIES_ID": 8700,
"CLO": 8702,
"SPEC_NAME": "Lawrence's Goldfinch",
"LATINNAME": "Carduelis lawrencei",
"FAMILY_ID": "FRIN",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.7",
"SECRETS": "In the northern parts of its range, the distribution of Lawrence's Goldfinches is notably erratic, and often birds are hard to find; sometimes they are found north to northwestern CA.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in oak and riparian woodlands, and in pinyon-juniper woodlands; also frequents chaparral, and weedy or brushy fields. Often found near water (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from north-central California south (but west of the Sierra Nevada range) to southern California and northwestern Baja California. Winter distribution varies, but usually from north-central California and central Arizona south to northern Baja California, northwestern Mexico, and southern Arizona; sometimes further east into southwestern New Mexico and western Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Forehead, face, and chin of male are black; note also yellow breast and bold yellow wing bars; rest of plumage is mostly gray or grayish-brown. Female is mostly gray, but still displays some yellow on breast and in wings (yellow wing bars).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: May breed in loose colonies. Nests in shrubs or trees, generally up to about 3-40 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from wool, flower heads, lichens, grasses, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 15 mm.; light blue in color, sometimes with reddish markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Young are capable of flight when they are about 11-13 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 736,
"SPECIES_ID": 8703,
"CLO": 8705,
"SPEC_NAME": "Hoary Redpoll",
"LATINNAME": "Carduelis hornemanni",
"FAMILY_ID": "FRIN",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Taxonomic nightmare: some authorities believe the two subspecies of Hoary Redpolls may in fact be separate species; still others believe that both forms of the Hoary AND the Common Redpoll all represent a single species (A.O.U. 1998).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in shrubby areas, fields, and in open woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes Greenland, the Arctic islands (e.g., Baffin, Victoria, and Ellesmere Islands), and Southampton Island; also breeds in Alaska, northern Yukon, northwestern British Columbia, northern and east-central Mackenzie, Keewatin, northeastern Manitoba, northern Quebec, and northern Labrador. Generally winters from all but the extreme northern areas of breeding range south to southern Canada, Montana, and Wyoming east to New York, West Virginia, and Maryland (A.O.U. 1998). In the winter, actual numbers of birds and extent of southern incursions varying widely between years.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Two subspecies are known. Red crown and black chin identify redpolls. Compare closely with Common Redpoll. Hoary differs by having an overall paler appearance, very limited or no streaking on rump, flanks, and undertail coverts, and smaller bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, or in shrubs, generally up to about 1-7 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, grasses, and small roots; and lined with fine grasses, plant down, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 4-5; 17 mm.; blue to green in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs. Incubation lasts approximately 11 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 737,
"SPECIES_ID": 8704,
"CLO": 8706,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Redpoll",
"LATINNAME": "Carduelis flammea",
"FAMILY_ID": "FRIN",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "It's always fun to visit a fellow birder's house in the winter and look at redpolls no more than 10 feet away, just outside the living room window. Some winter flocks of Common Redpolls can exceed 200 birds.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forest, scrub and shrubby areas, and on the open tundra where bushes and small trees are present; during migration and in the winter, also frequents open woodland, weedy fields, fence rows, and cultivated lands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and northern Yukon east across northern Mackenzie, southern Victoria Island, northern Keewatin, Baffin Island, and Greenland to northern Quebec and northern Labrador; and south to northwestern British Columbia, central Alberta, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, central and southeastern Quebec, and Newfoundland. Generally winters from the southern portions of its breeding range south to the northern United States, and irregularly as far south as these representative locations: northern California, central Colorado, Arkansas, northern Alabama, and South Carolina (A.O.U. 1998). In the winter, actual numbers of birds and extent of southern incursions varying widely between years.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Red crown and black chin identify redpolls. Compare closely with Hoary Redpoll. Common Redpoll does not have the pale, frosty appearance of Hoary Redpoll; Common Redpoll also has comparatively more streaking on rump, flanks, and undertail coverts; and it has a larger bill.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs, sometimes on the ground in a rock crevice, generally up to about 3-6 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, small roots, grass, lichens, and moss; and lined with feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-7, usually 4-5; 17 mm.; blue to green in color, with purple or violet-black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 10-11 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 738,
"SPECIES_ID": 8713,
"CLO": 8715,
"SPEC_NAME": "Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch",
"LATINNAME": "Leucosticte tephrocotis",
"FAMILY_ID": "FRIN",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "As in some other species, the taxonomy of the Rosy-Finches is complex; the three species treated here have, at times in the past, been treated as separate species or as subspecies of the Rosy Finch (L. arctoa), which occurs in Asia.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found near cliffs and in barren, rocky, or grassy areas; also frequents open fields, cultivated lands, brushy areas, and places of human habitation (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska, central Yukon, British Columbia, and southwestern Alberta south (through the Cascades, Sierra Nevada, and Rocky Mountain ranges) to northeastern Oregon, east-central California, central Idaho, and northwestern Montana. In the winter, generally found in the Aleutians (sometimes also on mainland Alaska), British Columbia, southern Alberta, and central Saskatchewan south to western Oregon, central and eastern California, central Nevada, central Utah, northern New Mexico, northwestern Nebraska, and southwestern North Dakota (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Forehead is black, while rear of crown is gray. Body (including cheeks) is generally rosy- or cinnamon-brown in color; belly and flanks are more rosy or reddish in color. Note pinkish-red color on bend of wing and on rump; bill is dark in the summer and yellowish in the winter. Females are duller.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests among boulders and in rock crevices. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from mosses, lichens, small roots, grasses, feathers, and animal hair; and lined with fine grasses and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 23 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 18 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 739,
"SPECIES_ID": 8714,
"CLO": 8716,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black Rosy-Finch",
"LATINNAME": "Leucosticte atrata",
"FAMILY_ID": "FRIN",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found near cliffs and in barren, rocky, or grassy areas; also frequents open fields, cultivated lands, brushy areas, and places of human habitation (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range (in the mountains) extends from central Idaho, southwestern and south-central Montana, and northwestern and north-central Wyoming south to northeastern and east-central Nevada and central Utah. Generally winters from central Idaho and western and southeastern Wyoming south to southern Nevada, northern Arizona, and northern New Mexico; sometimes also to eastern California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Forehead is black, while rear of crown is gray. Black coloration is more extensive on body plumage than in other Rosy-Finches; however, note reddish belly and pinkish-red color on bend of wing and on rump; bill is dark in the summer and yellowish in the winter. Females are duller, and may show little or no red on body; and only a small amount of gray on the head.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests among boulders and in rock crevices. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from mosses, lichens, small roots, grasses, feathers, and animal hair; and lined with fine grasses and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 23 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 18 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 740,
"SPECIES_ID": 8715,
"CLO": 8717,
"SPEC_NAME": "Brown-capped Rosy-Finch",
"LATINNAME": "Leucosticte australis",
"FAMILY_ID": "FRIN",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found near cliffs and in barren, rocky, or grassy areas; also frequents open fields, cultivated lands, brushy areas, and places of human habitation (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range (in the mountains) extends from southeastern Wyoming south through Colorado to northern New Mexico. Generally winters throughout breeding range, but at lower elevations (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: As its name suggests, head color is brown and shows no gray on crown. Reddish coloration on underparts extends higher up on the belly than in other Rosy-Finches. Also note pinkish-red color on bend of wing and on rump; bill is dark in the summer and yellowish in the winter. Females are duller, and sometimes may lack reddish coloration on plumage.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests among boulders and in rock crevices. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from mosses, lichens, small roots, grasses, feathers, and animal hair; and lined with fine grasses and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 23 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 18 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 741,
"SPECIES_ID": 8724,
"CLO": 8726,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Rosefinch",
"LATINNAME": "Carpodacus erythrinus",
"FAMILY_ID": "FRIN",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in swampy woods, brushy meadows, and in thickets; also frequents forest edge, clearings, cultivated areas, and places of human habitation (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, and India; migrates irregularly through the western Aleutian Islands, sometimes reaching mainland Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Males are similar to Purple or Cassin's Finches, but show more red on head and breast, as well as on back. Female is duller, mostly brown in color; compare with females of Purple, Cassin's, and House Finches.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 742,
"SPECIES_ID": 8725,
"CLO": 8727,
"SPEC_NAME": "Purple Finch",
"LATINNAME": "Carpodacus purpureus",
"FAMILY_ID": "FRIN",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.8 ****",
"SECRETS": "Over most of its range, birds hidden in underbrush or individuals in flight can be identified by their distinctive call note, a pipe-like 'cheek' or 'tuck'.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open woodlands, along forest edge, and in second-growth habitats; also frequents weedy areas, tall brush, and places of human habitation (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central and northeastern British Columbia and southern Yukon east across southwestern Mackenzie, northern and central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, south-central Manitoba, and northern Ontario east to southern Quebec and Newfoundland. In the west (i.e., west of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada, except in Washington), breeding range extends south to southern California; further east, range extends south to central Alberta, southeastern Saskatchewan, north-central North Dakota, the Great Lakes region, and West Virginia east to central Pennsylvania and southeastern New York. In the west, wintering birds are found from southwestern British Columbia south through western Washington, central and western Oregon, and California to northern Baja California; further east, wintering range extends from southern Canada south to central and southeastern Texas, the Gulf coast, and sometimes to central Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Pinkish-red on head, throat, and breast. Told from House Finch by lack of brown streakings on belly and flanks. Back is streaked and is also pinkish-red in color; compare with Cassin's Finch. Female has broad eyebrow; compare with female House and Cassin's Finch.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 6-50 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, grasses, small roots, and mosses; and lined with animal hair and wool.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 20 mm.; light greenish-blue in color, with brown and black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 743,
"SPECIES_ID": 8726,
"CLO": 8728,
"SPEC_NAME": "Cassin's Finch",
"LATINNAME": "Carpodacus cassinii",
"FAMILY_ID": "FRIN",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.3",
"SECRETS": "Compared to the Purple Finch, call note (which is often given in flight) is 2- or 3-syllabled.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in open coniferous forests; during migration and winter, also frequents deciduous woodlands, second-growth habitats, semi-open areas with scattered trees, and scrub or brushy areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern interior British Columbia, extreme southwestern Alberta, north-central and southeastern Montana, and northern Wyoming south (but generally east to the Cascades and coast ranges) to southern California, northern Baja California, southern Nevada, northern Arizona, and northern New Mexico; sometimes breeds east to northwestern Nebraska. In the winter, found from southern British Columbia northwestern Montana, and east-central Wyoming south to northern Baja California, southern Arizona, western Texas, and Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Brown-streaked nape and back shows little or no reddish coloration. Reddish coloration appears on breast, face, and crown. As a result, contrast between brownish nape/back and reddish crown is a good way to separate this species from Purple Finch. Reddish coloration on breast and throat of male is paler than in Purple Finch; also note streaking on sides, flanks, and undertail coverts. Female is similar to Purple Finch but has less pronounced facial patterns (including less obvious eyebrow).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 10-80 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, small roots, lichen, and weed stems; and lined with animal hair and bark.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 20 mm.; blue or light green in color, with brown and black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 744,
"SPECIES_ID": 8727,
"CLO": 8729,
"SPEC_NAME": "House Finch",
"LATINNAME": "Carpodacus mexicanus",
"FAMILY_ID": "FRIN",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.9 **",
"SECRETS": "When west meets east: in our lifetimes, we've seen the introduction of House Finches to New York in the early 1950's, followed by the explosive increase in these birds throughout eastern N. America; have we tampered too much with Nature?",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a variety of open habitats, including arid scrub and brush, chaparral, and savanna; also frequents oak-juniper and pine-oak associations, open woodlands, urban areas, and cultivated lands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southwestern and southern interior British Columbia and northern Idaho east across north-central and southeastern Wyoming, eastern North Dakota, southern Manitoba, and the Great Lakes region east to southern Quebec and Nova Scotia; and south to southern Baja California, Mexico, Texas, the Gulf coast, Georgia, and South Carolina. Generally winters throughout the breeding range. Birds in eastern U.S. are the result of native southwestern birds being introduced to Long Island, New York in the early 1950's (A.O.U. 1998). Following this introduction, many people in eastern North America remarked anecdotally that Purple Finch numbers in the winter seemed to be declining; while a direct cause-effect relationship has yet to be proven for this apparent phenomenon, it is true that many bird feeders in the east have been overtaken by House Finches in the winter.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Eyebrow, forehead, and throat are reddish or orangish in color; note brown streaks on sides and flanks (compare with Purple Finch). Female is plain brown in color, streaked below, and has no eyebrow (compare with Pine Siskin, and with females of Purple and Cassin's Finches). Song is long and warbling, usually ending with an ascending or upslurred note; call note, heard often in flight, is a melodic 'queet'.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: May nest in trees, shrubs, bird boxes, in cavities, on buildings, and in a variety of other places; generally up to about 5-35 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, plant stems, leaves, small roots, twigs, animal hair, string, and other materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 4-5; 19 mm.; bluish-white in color, speckled in appearance.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 11-19 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 745,
"SPECIES_ID": 8744,
"CLO": 8746,
"SPEC_NAME": "Pine Grosbeak",
"LATINNAME": "Pinicola enucleator",
"FAMILY_ID": "FRIN",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-8.5 ***",
"SECRETS": "Oftentimes, these birds are tame and allow close approach. Adult birds have what are known as gular pouches, located in the mouth, which are used for carrying food back to young in the nest.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open forests and woodlands, along forest edge, and in second-growth habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from western and central Alaska and northern Yukon east across northwestern and central Mackenzie, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario east to northern Labrador and Newfoundland. In the west, breeding range extends south to British Columbia, western Alberta, central California, extreme west-central Nevada, northern and east-central Arizona, and northern New Mexico. Further east, range extends south to northern Alberta, northern Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, south-central Ontario, and southwestern Quebec east to northern New Hampshire, central Maine, and Nova Scotia. Wintering range occurs from western and central Alaska, southern Yukon, southern Mackenzie, and southern Canada south throughout the breeding range to as far as the following representative locations: central New Mexico, north-central Texas, Arkansas, Kentucky, and the Carolinas (A.O.U. 1998); however, in the winter, actual numbers of birds and extent of southern incursions varying widely between years.\r\n\r\nField Marks: This robin-sized bird has a variety of colors, ranging from dark tail and wings to grayish base colors to belly and breast; in male, head, breast, and upperparts are reddish, with two white wing bars; females are duller, with varying amounts of olive-yellow on an otherwise gray plumage. Compare with White-winged Crossbill, which also has white wing bars, but is smaller and has crossed mandibles.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to about 2-30 feet above the ground. Nest is a bulky, cup-shaped structure built from moss, grass, twigs, and roots, and lined with grasses, lichens, and fur.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 4; 26 mm.; bluish-green or grayish-green in color, with brown and gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 13-20 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 746,
"SPECIES_ID": 8749,
"CLO": 8751,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red Crossbill",
"LATINNAME": "Loxia curvirostra",
"FAMILY_ID": "FRIN",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.3 ****",
"SECRETS": "In flight, call note is a 'kip', 'kip-kip', or 'kip-kip-kip'; suggests a Winter Wren, but high overhead, where vocalizations from Winter Wren are not expected.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coniferous or mixed forests, and in lowland pine savanna; during migration and winter, also frequents deciduous forests, second-growth habitats, residential areas, and scrubby or weedy fields (A.O.U. 1998). Note: the crossed mandibles of crossbills are uniquely adapted for extracting seeds from cones of conifers; thus the wanderings and movements of these birds are dependent on this food source.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern Alaska and southern Yukon east across southern Mackenzie, northern Alberta, northwestern and central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, and central Ontario east to Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. In the west, range extends south through British Columbia, Alberta, and southeastern Montana to northern Baja California, southern California, southern Nevada, central and southeastern Arizona (and south into Mexico), northeastern and central New Mexico, and extreme western Texas; further east, range extends south to southern Manitoba, North Dakota, the Great Lakes region, northern and central Illinois, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia east to southeastern New York and Massachusetts. Breeds locally south in Appalachian Mountains to Tennessee and North Carolina. In the winter, it is generally found throughout the breeding range, and may also occur as far south as central Baja California, southern and eastern Texas, the northern portions of the Gulf states, southern Georgia, and central Florida (A.O.U. 1998); however, movements in the winter are irregular and erratic, and actual numbers of birds and extent of southern incursions vary widely between years.\r\n\r\nField Marks: There are only two species with crossed mandibles that occur in North America, and both of them are crossbills; this species has no wing bars (compare with White-winged Crossbill) on otherwise dark brown wings. Although plumage varies widely, in general, males are reddish in color, although they may sometimes appear yellowish; throat color is either red or yellow. Females, on the other hand, are mostly yellowish-olive in color; throat color is usually gray.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 5-80 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, small roots, and bark; and lined with fine grasses, mosses, feathers, and fur. Depending on local food supply (i.e., pine cones), may breed in unexpected locations south of normal range.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 3-4; 21 mm.; light blue or light green in color, with brown (and sometimes black) markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-18 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 15-20 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 747,
"SPECIES_ID": 8750,
"CLO": 8752,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-winged Crossbill",
"LATINNAME": "Loxia leucoptera",
"FAMILY_ID": "FRIN",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.7",
"SECRETS": "When food supply is abundant, crossbills follow suit; when cone crop is high, this species may invade the area in such large numbers that their flocks exceed 300 birds & resemble large flocks of larks or longspurs flying in the woods.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in coniferous or mixed forests, and along forest edge; during migration and winter, also frequents deciduous forests and woodlands (A.O.U. 1998). Note: the crossed mandibles of crossbills are uniquely adapted for extracting seeds from cones of conifers; thus the wanderings and movements of these birds are dependent on this food source.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from western and central Alaska and northern Yukon east across northern and east-central Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, and northern Ontario east to north-central Labrador and Newfoundland; and south to Washington, northeastern Oregon, isolated and irregular breeding populations in northern Utah and southwestern Colorado, western Montana, northwestern Wyoming, central and southwestern Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southeastern Manitoba, North Dakota, the Great Lakes region, southwestern Quebec, central New York, New England, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. In the winter, it is generally found throughout the breeding range, and may also occur as far south as southern Oregon, southern Idaho, northern Utah, Colorado, central and northeastern New Mexico, northern Texas, and central Oklahoma east to North Carolina (A.O.U. 1998); however, movements in the winter are irregular and erratic, and actual numbers of birds and extent of southern incursions vary widely between years.\r\n\r\nField Marks: There are only two species with crossed mandibles that occur in North America, and both of them are crossbills; this species has white wing bars (compare with Red Crossbill) on otherwise black wings. Males are pinkish-red in color, while plumage of female has mottled yellowish-olive or gray colors. Compare also with the larger Pine Grosbeak.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 3-70 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from lichens, twigs, grasses, bark, insect cocoons, and moss; and lined with fine materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 3-4; 21 mm.; light blue or greenish-white in color, with brown and black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 748,
"SPECIES_ID": 8756,
"CLO": 8758,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eurasian Bullfinch",
"LATINNAME": "Pyrrhula pyrrhula",
"FAMILY_ID": "FRIN",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forests, woodlands, and park-like habitats; also frequents scrubby and semi-open areas with scattered trees (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe and Asia; considered a casual visitor in migration to Alaska and the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Gray back, black crown and chin, white rump; males are deep pinkish or reddish below, females are brown. Note dull white wing bar.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 749,
"SPECIES_ID": 8757,
"CLO": 8759,
"SPEC_NAME": "Hawfinch",
"LATINNAME": "Coccothraustes coccothraustes",
"FAMILY_ID": "FRIN",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forests, woodlands, parks, bushy or scrubby areas, and on cultivated lands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and India; considered a casual visitor to Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Evening Grosbeak, but plumage is browner, bill color varies between blue or bluish-black to yellow, and throat and lores are black.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 750,
"SPECIES_ID": 8758,
"CLO": 8760,
"SPEC_NAME": "Evening Grosbeak",
"LATINNAME": "Coccothraustes vespertinus",
"FAMILY_ID": "FRIN",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.1",
"SECRETS": "Highly variable in numbers, the Evening Grosbeak is the classic example of an irruptive migrant. In some years, few or no birds are found while in other years major invasions may occur, with flock size sometimes exceeding 100 birds.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in forests and woodlands, in second-growth and park-like habitats, and in places of human habitation, especially at bird feeders.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southwestern and north-central British Columbia, northern Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, central Ontario, and southern Quebec east to Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. In the west, range extends south to central California, west-central and eastern Nevada, central and southeastern Arizona (and south into Mexico), and southern New Mexico; further east, range extends south to southwestern South Dakota, the Great Lakes region, northern New York, and central Massachusetts. In the winter, it is generally found throughout the breeding range, and may also occur as far south as southern California, southern Arizona, Mexico, western and central Texas, the northern portions of the Gulf states, Georgia, and South Carolina; and sometimes further south (A.O.U. 1998). However, movements in the winter are irregular and erratic, and actual numbers of birds and extent of southern incursions vary widely between years.\r\n\r\nField Marks: A chunky finch. Generally yellowish, brownish-yellow, or grayish-yellow plumage, with black wings that display white wing patches; large bill varies from yellow or green to near white in color. Common call, 'cleer' or 'peeer', may be given by perched individuals or birds in flight.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 6-70 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs and lined with small roots.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 3-4; 24 mm.; blue or bluish-green in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 13-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 751,
"SPECIES_ID": 8799,
"CLO": 8801,
"SPEC_NAME": "Olive Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Peucedramus taeniatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PEUC",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pine and pine-oak forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central and southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico south into Mexico. Withdraws from northern portion of breeding range in the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Head is buffy-orange in male, olive-yellow in female; note wing bars, dark eye patch, and white undertail coverts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 30-70 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from moss, lichens, pine needles, and other vegetation; and lined with plant down and small roots.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4; 17 mm.; grayish-white or bluish-white in color, with brown, olive, and gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that the female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 752,
"SPECIES_ID": 8800,
"CLO": 8802,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bachman's Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Vermivora bachmanii",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "Extinct",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Many a birder has fantasized about rediscovering the Bachman's Warbler; it seems like this is still a possibility, since the last confirmed record was made in 1962; however, most scientists now believe this bird to be extinct.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Formerly found in moist deciduous woodlands and swamps; during migration and winter, also frequented open woodlands, pine, and scrub habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Extinct; formerly bred in northeastern Arkansas, southeastern Missouri, southwestern Kentucky, central Alabama, and southeastern South Carolina. It migrated to Cuba and the Isle of Pines for the winter. The last verified record occurred in 1962, near Charleston, South Carolina; more recent records of this species can not be corroborated (A.O.U. 1998). Loss and degradation of its breeding habitat, specifically lowland hardwoods with canebrakes, is believed to be instrumental in its decline and eventual extinction; however, habitat on its wintering grounds was also degraded and possibly could have contributed to the loss of this species.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 753,
"SPECIES_ID": 8801,
"CLO": 8803,
"SPEC_NAME": "Blue-winged Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Vermivora pinus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.5",
"SECRETS": "Song, is 2-syllabled and buzzy: 'beee-bzzzz', the first note higher.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in young second-growth habitat and old fields dominated by a diversity of shrubs and small trees; also along forest edge.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern Minnesota, southern Wisconsin, central Michigan, northern Ohio, southern Ontario, central New York, southern Vermont, southern New Hampshire, and extreme southern Maine south through central Iowa and Missouri to northern Arkansas, central Tennessee, northern Alabama, northern Georgia, southwestern North Carolina, western and northern Virginia, Maryland, and northern Delaware. Generally migrates to Mexico and Central America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Bright yellow plumage; note bluish wings with white wing bars, and dark eye line. Note: known to hybridize with Golden-winged Warbler; offspring resulting from such unions are described in field guides as the Lawrence's Warbler and Brewster's Warbler, but there is greater variation in the appearance of these hybrids than is shown in the field guides (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or grasses, or on the ground, generally up to about 1 foot above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from leaves, grasses, and bark; and lined with animal hair, bark shreds, and fine grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-7, usually 5-6; 16 mm.; white in color, with brown or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 10-11 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 8-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 754,
"SPECIES_ID": 8802,
"CLO": 8804,
"SPEC_NAME": "Golden-winged Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Vermivora chrysoptera",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.4 *",
"SECRETS": "Song shows some variation but is typically 4-syllabled and buzzy: 'beee-bzz-bzz-bzz'.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in young second-growth habitat and old fields dominated by shrubs and dense undergrowth; also frequents bogs and woodland edge (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, extreme southwestern Quebec, New York, western Vermont, New Hampshire, western Massachusetts, and northwestern Connecticut south to northern Illinois (locally), extreme northern Indiana, Pennsylvania, northern New Jersey, western Maryland, West Virginia, extreme eastern Kentucky, eastern Tennessee, western North Carolina, and northern Georgia. Migrates to Mexico and Central America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Whitish underparts; gray upperparts. Note black throat and bib (suggests a chickadee if you look at it too quickly), black eye patch, golden wing bars, and yellow forehead and crown. Note: known to hybridize with Blue-winged Warbler; offspring resulting from such unions are described in field guides as the Lawrence's Warbler and Brewster's Warbler, but there is greater variation in the appearance of these hybrids than is shown in the field guides (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses and bark; and lined with bark shreds and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-7, usually 4-5; 17 mm.; white or cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 10 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 755,
"SPECIES_ID": 8803,
"CLO": 8805,
"SPEC_NAME": "Tennessee Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Vermivora peregrina",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.9 *",
"SECRETS": "Song, 'ticka-ticka-ticka, sweet-sweet-sweet-sweet, chew-chew-chew-chew', comes in 3 parts and has a rapid-fire, but uneven, delivery.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in woodlands, bogs, and thickets; in migration, also frequents dense scrub and brushy or weedy fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern Alaska and southeastern Yukon east across northwestern and southern Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario east to southern Labrador and Newfoundland; and south to south-central British Columbia, southwestern and south-central Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, northeastern New York, northeastern Vermont, northern New Hampshire, central Maine, and Nova Scotia. Generally winters in Mexico and Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In the spring, mostly white below, with olive-green upperparts and grayish head. Note dark eye line and light eyebrow. In the fall, variably yellow below, but with white undertail coverts (compare with Orange-crowned Warbler). At times, can be an abundant bird in eastern deciduous woodlands at the height of the spring migration.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses and moss; and lined with small roots and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-7, usually 5-6; 16 mm.; white or cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-12 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 756,
"SPECIES_ID": 8804,
"CLO": 8806,
"SPEC_NAME": "Orange-crowned Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Vermivora celata",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.9 *",
"SECRETS": "Song is a trill that drops off in pitch near the end; compare with other similar-sounding species, including juncos and Chipping Sparrows. Frequently responds to pishing.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open, brushy deciduous or mixed deciduous-coniferous woodlands and second-growth habitats; also frequents dense chaparral, riparian thickets, and aspen groves; during migration and winter, can be found along woodland edge, in willow or riparian thickets, and in dense scrub and brushy or weedy fields.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and Yukon east across northwestern and southern Mackenzie, northern Alberta, northern Saskatchewan, and northern Manitoba east to central Quebec and central Labrador. In the west, breeding range extends south to southwestern and central California, northwestern Baja California, Nevada (locally), southern Utah, southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and extreme western Texas; further east, range extends south to southern Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, central Ontario, south-central Quebec, and southern Labrador. Winter range extends from coastal and northern California, southern Nevada, central Arizona, Texas, central Oklahoma, and central Arkansas east to eastern North Carolina (and north coastally to southeastern Virginia) south to southern Baja California, Mexico, Central America, and southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: A grayish-green or olive-green warbler with faint, dusky streaking on breast, dark eye line, no wing bars, and yellowish undertail coverts; in the fall, compare with Tennessee Warbler, which has white undertail coverts. Orange-crowned Warblers are more common in the west than they are in the east.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, sometimes in shrubs, up to about 2-4 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, leaves, bark strips, and plant down; and lined with fine grasses, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 16 mm.; white in color, with dark red and brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that the female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 8-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 757,
"SPECIES_ID": 8805,
"CLO": 8807,
"SPEC_NAME": "Nashville Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Vermivora ruficapilla",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.2 **",
"SECRETS": "Song is variable, but usually consists of a series of 'Seebit' notes, followed by a trill: 'ti-ti-ti-ti'. Sometimes responds to pishing.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open woodlands, second-growth habitats, bogs, and in brushy riparian areas; in migration, also frequents scrubby areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: In the west, breeding range extends from extreme southwestern and southern interior British Columbia and western Montana south through Washington, Oregon, and central Idaho to northwestern and south-central California and extreme west-central Nevada. Further east, breeding range extends from central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, central Ontario, and southern Quebec east to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia; and south to southern Manitoba, northeastern North Dakota, the Great Lakes region, northeastern West Virginia, Pennsylvania, western Maryland, northern New Jersey, southeastern New York, northern Connecticut, and Rhode Island. Migrates to extreme southern Texas, Mexico, and Central America for the winter, when it may also be found irregularly along the west coast and elsewhere along the Gulf coast and in southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Yellowish underparts, including throat (compare with Oporornis warblers, especially in the fall); also note olive upperparts, gray head, and conspicuous white eye ring.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from mosses, fern stems, pine needles, and fur; and lined with small roots, fine grasses, pine needles, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-5; 16 mm.; white or cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 11 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 758,
"SPECIES_ID": 8806,
"CLO": 8808,
"SPEC_NAME": "Virginia's Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Vermivora virginiae",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.9 *",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in brushy montane woodlands, oak thickets, coniferous scrub habitats, and in chaparral; during migration and winter, also frequents arid scrub, open woodland, and second-growth habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: The Virginia's Warbler is found breeding in montane areas in eastern California, Nevada, southeastern Idaho, Utah, southwestern Wyoming, western Colorado, and northern New Mexico; also occurs locally in southern California, central Wyoming, eastern Colorado, eastern and southern New Mexico, central and southeastern Arizona, and western Texas. Migrates to Mexico for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Nashville Warbler, but with generally grayer back; also underparts are mostly white, but note yellow breast (duller in females) and yellowish undertail coverts in both males and females.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from lichens, mosses, bark strips, grasses, and small roots.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 16 mm.; white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 759,
"SPECIES_ID": 8807,
"CLO": 8809,
"SPEC_NAME": "Colima Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Vermivora crissalis",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pine-oak forests, open woodlands, and in scrubby habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southwestern Texas south into Mexico. Withdraws from northern portion of range in the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Gray head, grayish-brown back, buffy-brown sides and flanks; note eye ring.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, leaves, mosses, small roots, and bark strips; and is lined with fur or animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4; 18 mm.; cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 760,
"SPECIES_ID": 8808,
"CLO": 8810,
"SPEC_NAME": "Lucy's Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Vermivora luciae",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.4",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in arid scrub and brushy riparian thickets, usually with mesquite (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern California, southern Nevada, and southern Utah south to northeastern Baja California, southern Arizona, northwestern Mexico, southwestern New Mexico, and western Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Whitish breast and belly, light gray upperparts; note reddish rump (paler in female). Males also show red crown patch.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in cavities or under loose bark. Nest materials include bark fragments, weeds, leaf stems, animal hair, and fur.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 4-5; 15 mm.; white or cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 761,
"SPECIES_ID": 8809,
"CLO": 8811,
"SPEC_NAME": "Northern Parula",
"LATINNAME": "Parula americana",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.6 *",
"SECRETS": "Typical song is buzzy and spirals upward with an abrupt ending; most birders are familiar with this song. However, it also sings another song type almost indistinguishable from Cerulean Warbler.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in open, moist deciduous forests, riparian woodlands, and in swamps, typically in places where Spanish moss or tree lichens are available for use as nesting sites; in migration and winter, also frequents second-growth and scrub habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Atlantic coast, breeding range extends from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia south to southern Florida; and west to southeastern Manitoba, eastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, eastern Oklahoma, and southern Texas (including the Gulf coast); occasionally found breeding in the west: central and southern California, central Arizona, New Mexico, Rio Grande Valley of Texas, and northwestern Mexico. Winters from central Florida and extreme southern Texas south into Mexico and Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Bluish or bluish-gray upperparts, with olive patch on upper back; belly is white, throat and breast are yellow, with black and rufous breast bands; female is duller. Note white wing bars.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 5-60 feet above the ground. Nest is placed in hanging lichens or Spanish moss; other nest materials include leaves, bark shreds, fine grasses, plant down, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 4-5; 17 mm.; white or cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 762,
"SPECIES_ID": 8810,
"CLO": 8812,
"SPEC_NAME": "Tropical Parula",
"LATINNAME": "Parula pitiayumi",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in woodlands and forests, including live oak woodlands with Spanish moss (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern Texas south into Mexico, and Central and South America; withdraws from northernmost portion of range in the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Northern Parula, but lacks eye ring, has a black facial mask, and contains more yellow on side of face; also note that yellowish underparts may have a slight orangish wash on upper breast.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 8-40 feet above the ground. Nest is placed in hanging Spanish moss, orchids, or other epiphytes; other nest materials include fine grasses, bark, small roots, animal hair, plant down, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4; 17 mm.; white or cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 763,
"SPECIES_ID": 8811,
"CLO": 8813,
"SPEC_NAME": "Crescent-chested Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Parula superciliosa",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in humid to semi-arid pine-oak, oak, or pine-evergreen forests (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico and Central America; considered a casual visitor to southern Arizona (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Tropical Parula but with conspicuous white eyebrow, small orange or chestnut crescent on front of chest, and partial eye ring. Also lacks wing bars.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 764,
"SPECIES_ID": 8813,
"CLO": 8815,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Dendroica petechia",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "0.6 ****",
"SECRETS": "Although in eastern North America, Yellow Warblers are largely gone by mid-September, in the west, especially along the coast, it is normal to record them well into October.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeding habitats include riparian woodlands and thickets (especially where willow or cottonwood are present), and young second-growth areas or aspen woodlands; during migration and winter, also frequents open woodlands, brushy areas (including those with tall weeds), marsh and forest edges, and mangroves (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds throughout North America, except for the Arctic islands, extreme northeastern Canada, and the southeastern United States (i.e., eastern Texas and the southern portions of the Gulf states, and northern Florida). Breeding range also includes Baja California, Mexico and Central America, and southern Florida. In the winter, birds are found from southern California, southwestern Arizona, northern Mexico, the southern portions of the Gulf states, and southern Florida south through Mexico to Central America and South America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Yellow Warblers are in the genus Dendroica, which is typified by warblers with wing bars and tail spots; the Yellow Warbler is no exception, but because its wing bars and tail spots are yellow, they are sometimes difficult to see against the yellow color of its body, wing, and tail feathers. Males also show reddish-orange streaks on underparts. Females are duller, with limited or no streaking on undersides; in the fall, some immature birds are more gray or olive-green than yellow. Song, especially in eastern birds, can be interpreted as 'sweet-sweet-sweet, I'm so sweet', with an upward inflection at end; but also listen for songs that have a downward inflection at end, as this can be confused with Chestnut-sided Warbler.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, generally up to about 1-60 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from plant down, fine grasses, bark strips, wool, fur, lichens, mosses, and spider's silk; and lined with animal hair, plant down, feathers, and cotton.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 16 mm.; grayish-, greenish-, or bluish-white in color, with brown, olive, or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 765,
"SPECIES_ID": 8814,
"CLO": 8816,
"SPEC_NAME": "Chestnut-sided Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Dendroica pensylvanica",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.6 *",
"SECRETS": "Song, 'Pleased-Pleased-Pleased to meet ya!', with a noticeable downward inflection at end, should be compared with some similar song types of the Yellow Warbler.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in early successional deciduous forests and, more locally, in mountain laurel thickets; also frequents deciduous woodlands with tall trees. In migration, found in a wide variety of wooded habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northeastern British Columbia (locally), and east-central Alberta east across central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, and central Ontario to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia; and south to north-central North Dakota, central Minnesota, central Iowa, southern Missouri, northern Arkansas, northern Illinois, and south-central Indiana east to central Maryland and Delaware. Breeding range also extends south into the Appalachian Mountains to northeastern Alabama, north-central Georgia, and northwestern South Carolina. Migrates to Mexico and Central America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Streaked upperparts, yellow crown, chestnut sides, white underparts, and black-and-white patterns on side of face identify this warbler; duller in females. Fall birds are noticeably different, with eye ring, olive-green upperparts, and grayish-white underparts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or young trees, generally up to about 1-4 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from plant fibers and plant down; and lined with animal hair and fine grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4; 17 mm.; white, cream-white, or greenish-white in color, with brown or purple markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 766,
"SPECIES_ID": 8815,
"CLO": 8817,
"SPEC_NAME": "Magnolia Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Dendroica magnolia",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.6 ****",
"SECRETS": "The Magnolia Warbler is so named (by Alexander Wilson) because they were found by Wilson in a magnolia tree during migration in Mississippi.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open moist woodlands, along forest edge, and in second-growth habitats; during migration and in winter, also frequents a wider array of woodlands and areas with tall weeds (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northeastern British Columbia and southeastern Yukon east across west-central and southern Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, north-central Manitoba, northern Ontario, south-central and eastern Quebec, locally in Labrador, and Newfoundland; and south to south-central British Columbia, south-central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, and southeastern West Virginia east to western Virginia and western Maryland; also breeds locally in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina. Migrates to Mexico and Central America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Yellowish underparts, white wing bars, white eyebrow, variable amount of dark streaking on underparts; in male, also note black facial mask. A white band crosses most of the mid-portion of the tail. In the fall, birds are duller, and usually show a gray band on upper breast.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 1-35 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs and grasses and lined with small roots.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 17 mm.; white, cream-white, or greenish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 8-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 767,
"SPECIES_ID": 8816,
"CLO": 8818,
"SPEC_NAME": "Cape May Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Dendroica tigrina",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.3 *",
"SECRETS": "The Cape May Warbler is among a group of warblers (includes Blackburnian and Blackpoll Warblers) whose songs are so high-pitched that those with hearing loss may not be able to hear them sing.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in spruce forests, but frequents a wider diversity of woodland habitats in migration (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern Yukon and northeastern British Columbia east across southwestern and south-central Mackenzie, northern Alberta, northern Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, and central Ontario to New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and southwestern Newfoundland; and south to central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southeastern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, northeastern New York, and northern New England. In the winter it can be found in southern Florida, and in the West Indies, Mexico, and Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Yellowish underparts with black streaking, white wing bars (larger in males), chestnut eye patch (on male); duller in females and in fall birds.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 30-60 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, twigs, and mosses; and lined with fine grass, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-9, usually 6-7; 17 mm.; cream-white in color, with brown and gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 768,
"SPECIES_ID": 8817,
"CLO": 8819,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-throated Blue Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Dendroica caerulescens",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.8 **",
"SECRETS": "The further west one goes, the less likely s/he is to see this magnificently colored warbler in migration; spend time learning the comparatively drab female plumage.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous or mixed deciduous-coniferous woodlands and in second-growth habitats, often with dense undergrowth; also frequents open woodlands and scrub habitats in migration (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southwestern and central Ontario, southern Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia south to the Great Lakes region, northeastern Pennsylvania, northern New Jersey, southern New York, and southern New England; also breeds south into the Appalachian Mountains to extreme northeastern Georgia and northwestern South Carolina; breeds locally in eastern Saskatchewan. Generally winters in the West Indies and on the Yucatan Peninsula south to Belize (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark blue head, back, and wings; white underparts. Note black cheek, throat, and upper breast. White wing patch. You may mistake the female for a completely different species: note olive-brown upperparts and buffy underparts, plus the narrow whitish eyebrow; usually females also show some white in wing at base of primaries. Arguably no other North American warbler shows such strong sexual dimorphism in plumage.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, generally up to about 1-4 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from bark strips, dried grasses, ferns, and leaves and lined with small roots, animal hair, fur, mosses, and porcupine quills.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 17 mm.; white or cream-white in color, with brown and gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 11-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 769,
"SPECIES_ID": 8818,
"CLO": 8820,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow-rumped Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Dendroica coronata",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The 'chip' call note of this species can be heard year-round, and is required learning for all serious birders; once learned, it becomes easy to locate non-Yellow-rumped Warblers simply by listening for a different sounding call note.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open coniferous or mixed coniferous-deciduous forests and woodlands; during migration and winter, can be found in almost any wooded habitat (including urban or suburban areas), in low scrub, and in weedy fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Note: there are two forms, Myrtle Warbler and Audubon's Warbler; these are sometimes treated by some authorities as separate species. Breeding range extends from western and central Alaska and northern Yukon east across northwestern and central Mackenzie, southwestern Keewatin, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario to northern Labrador and Newfoundland. In the west, the range of the Audubon's race extends south through south-coastal and central British Columbia, southern Alberta, southwestern Saskatchewan, central and southeastern Montana, and southwestern North Dakota to south-central and eastern California, northern Baja California, central and southeastern Arizona (and south into Mexico), southern New Mexico, and extreme western Texas. Further east, the range of the Myrtle race extends south to northern British Columbia, central and southwestern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, the Great Lakes region, eastern Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts; also breeds south into the Appalachian Mountains to eastern West Virginia and northwestern Virginia. This species generally winters from southwestern British Columbia and the Pacific coastal states, Idaho, Arizona, Colorado, and Kansas east across the central U.S. to southern Ontario and New England; and south to southern Baja California, Mexico, central and southern Texas, the Gulf states, and Florida; birds also winter in Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Key features are the white wing bars (may appear as white wing patch in breeding male of Audubon's form), yellow rump, yellow at sides of breast, and throat color: yellow in Audubon's, white in Myrtle. Females are duller than males. Probably responds to pishing more readily than any other warbler.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 4-50 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from bark shreds, weed stalks, twigs, and small roots; and lined with feathers and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4-5; 18 mm.; white to creamy in color, with brown and gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 770,
"SPECIES_ID": 8819,
"CLO": 8821,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-throated Gray Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Dendroica nigrescens",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.2 ***",
"SECRETS": "Many eastern warblers can now be found in western N. America as vagrants, the Black-and-white Warbler among them. Compare that species with the Black-throated Gray Warbler to be sure you don't overlook vagrant Black-and-white Warblers.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open, dry coniferous or mixed coniferous-deciduous woodlands; also in oak, pinyon-juniper, or pine-oak associations; during migration and winter, this species frequents an even wider diversity of forest, woodland, and scrub habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southwestern British Columbia, western Washington, central Oregon, southern Idaho, central and southern Wyoming, and northwestern and central Colorado south to northern Baja California, south-central and eastern California, central and southeastern Arizona, northwestern Mexico, and southern New Mexico. Generally winters in Mexico north to central California, southern Arizona, and southern Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Back is grayish-black in color; underparts are white with black streaking on breast and black throat. Note white eyebrow, yellow spot before eye, and black-and-white facial pattern.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to about 1-50 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from plant fibers, dry grasses, and weed stalks; and lined with feathers, mosses, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 16 mm.; white or creamy-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 771,
"SPECIES_ID": 8820,
"CLO": 8822,
"SPEC_NAME": "Townsend's Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Dendroica townsendi",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.5",
"SECRETS": "The Townsend's Warbler may hybridize with the Hermit Warbler, resulting in a hybrid with a combination of plumage features from both species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in mature, moist coniferous or mixed coniferous-deciduous forests; during migration and winter, also frequents oak or pine-oak woodlands and tall second-growth habitats, usually in montane environments (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from east-central Alaska, southern Yukon, northwestern and central British Columbia, and extreme west-central Alberta south to northwestern Washington, central and northeastern Oregon, central Idaho, and western Montana. In the winter, it can be found from coastal Washington south to coastal southern California (rare inland); and from southern Arizona and southwestern Texas south into Mexico and Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Streaked, olive-green back, yellowish breast with black streaking, white belly. Note especially the head: yellow cheek with black eye patch. Females are duller; in the fall, compare also with Black-throated Green Warbler if you are birding in a western vagrant trap (where Black-throated Green Warblers sometimes appear).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 8-15 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, plant fibers, moss, bark strips, lichens, and spiders' cocoons; and lined with feathers, plant down, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4-5; 18 mm.; white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 8-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 772,
"SPECIES_ID": 8821,
"CLO": 8823,
"SPEC_NAME": "Hermit Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Dendroica occidentalis",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.3",
"SECRETS": "The Hermit Warbler may hybridize with the Townsend's Warbler, resulting in a hybrid with a combination of plumage features from both species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in coniferous forests; in migration, frequents a wider diversity of woodlands; and in winter, often found in montane forests and pine-oak woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from western Washington south (through the Cascades and coastal ranges) to northern California, and further south in the interior of California through the Sierra Nevada mountains, including extreme west-central Nevada. Isolated populations are known from the Santa Cruz, San Gabriel, and San Bernardino Mountains of central and southern California. Winters in Mexico and Central America; also locally in coastal California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Streaked, dark olive-green back, white underparts, with black chin and throat. Note especially the head, which is yellow with dark markings on crown and nape. Females are duller and chin is yellow, with little or no black on throat.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 100 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from plant down, twigs, pine needles, weed stems, and lichens; and lined with bark strips, plant down, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4-5; 17 mm.; dull white in color, with brown, red, and lavender markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 8-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 773,
"SPECIES_ID": 8822,
"CLO": 8824,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-throated Green Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Dendroica virens",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.0",
"SECRETS": "While not the earliest spring migrant, Black-throated Green Warblers do arrive in the spring somewhat earlier than other warblers; look for them in cypress swamps and deciduous woodlands.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in open coniferous or mixed deciduous-coniferous woodlands, and in cypress swamps; during migration and winter, frequents a diversity of wooded habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northeastern British Columbia and northern Alberta east across north-central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, and central Ontario to southern Labrador and Newfoundland; and south to central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and southern New England. In addition, breeds south into the Appalachian Mountains to central Alabama, extreme northern Georgia, and northwestern South Carolina. Breeding populations are also known from northwestern Arkansas and in the coastal plains from southeastern Virginia to eastern South Carolina. Generally winters from southern and southeastern Texas, extreme southeastern Louisiana, and southern Florida south into Mexico, Central America, and Cuba (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Olive-green or yellow-green back, white wing bars, white underparts with black throat and streaks on breast and sides; area around vent shows yellowish wash. Note especially the head, which has an olive crown, and yellow cheek with darker auricular patch (but not as dark as in Townsend's). Females are duller, typically show yellow throat. In the fall, compare closely with Townsend's Warbler and with Golden-cheeked Warbler.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 80 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, grasses, bark strips, mosses, lichens, and spider's silk; and lined with animal hair and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-5, usually 4; 17 mm.; grayish-white or cream-white in color, with brown or purple markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 8-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 774,
"SPECIES_ID": 8823,
"CLO": 8825,
"SPEC_NAME": "Golden-cheeked Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Dendroica chrysoparia",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "Endangered",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in mixed oak-juniper woodlands; during migration and winter, frequents a diversity of open woodlands, montane pine and pine-oak associations, and thickets or scrubby habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in central Texas. Migrates to Mexico and Central America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Black-throated Green Warbler. Note that male has black back; dark line through eye is present, but a clearly delineated auricular patch is absent; females are duller, with olive backs.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 6-30 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from bark shreds, grasses, small roots, and spider's silk; and lined with animal hair and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 3-4; 17 mm.; white or cream-white in color, with brown or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 775,
"SPECIES_ID": 8824,
"CLO": 8826,
"SPEC_NAME": "Blackburnian Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Dendroica fusca",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.9 *",
"SECRETS": "Parts of the Blackburnian Warbler's song are so high-pitched that they are inaudible to those with hearing loss.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in mature coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous forests (locally in deciduous forests in the Appalachians); in migration, frequents a wider diversity of woodland habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds locally in central Alberta. Further east, breeding range extends from central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, and central Ontario east to New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and southwestern Newfoundland; and south to southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, eastern Ohio, Pennsylvania, northern New Jersey, southeastern New York, and Massachusetts. Also breeds south into the Appalachian Mountains to Tennessee, North Carolina, and north-central Georgia (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: The bright orange throat of the male Blackburnian Warbler is unforgettable. Note the resemblance in head pattern to Yellow-throated and Grace's Warblers, which have yellow throats. Females are duller but still show some trace of orange tinge on throat; eyebrow is yellowish.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 5-85 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, plant down, and lichens; and lined with small roots, bark strips, grasses, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-5, usually 4; 17 mm.; white or light greenish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-12 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 776,
"SPECIES_ID": 8825,
"CLO": 8827,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow-throated Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Dendroica dominica",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.9 *",
"SECRETS": "Song sounds like: 'Ba-dee, Ba-dee, Ba-dee', etc, with a total of about 6 such notes in descending pitch, sometimes trailing upward at very end of song.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Often found near water. Breeds in riparian woodlands, pine forests, tall sycamores, cypress swamps, and in live oak woodlands; in migration, frequents a somewhat wider diversity of woodland habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Atlantic coast, breeding range extends from central New Jersey and Connecticut south to central Florida; and west to extreme southern Wisconsin, central Iowa, eastern Kansas, central Oklahoma, and south-central and eastern Texas (including the Gulf coast). Generally winters from southeastern Texas (sometimes including the Gulf coast) and South Carolina south to southern Florida and into Mexico and Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Gray back; bright yellow throat, with white eyebrow and white or yellow lores. Note streaking on sides. Yellow-throated Warblers arrive earlier in the spring than many other species of warblers; at this time (late March or early April), walking in floodplains with open stands of tall pines or sycamores will usually result in one or more of these birds being found; their song is easily heard. Note black-and-white pattern on side of face; compare with Grace's Warbler.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 20-50 feet (but sometimes higher) above the ground. Nest, which is often placed in a clump of Spanish moss, is a cup-shaped structure built from fine grasses, weed stems, bark shreds, plant fibers, plant down, animal hair, leaves, and spider's silk; and lined with plant down or feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-5, usually 4; 17 mm.; pale greenish or grayish-white in color, with lavender, gray, or red markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation probably lasts approximately 12-13 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 777,
"SPECIES_ID": 8826,
"CLO": 8828,
"SPEC_NAME": "Grace's Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Dendroica graciae",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.8",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pine and pine-oak forests; also in lowland pine savanna habitats; more locally in spruce-fir forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern Nevada, southern Utah, southwestern Colorado, northern New Mexico, and western Texas south through Mexico to Central America; winters from Mexico south through remainder of breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Yellow-throated Warbler, but has yellow eyebrow (which becomes white behind the eye) and streaked back; also lacks white mark behind auricular area.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 20-60 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from plant fibers, plant down, wool, and caterpillar's webs; and lined with animal hair and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4, usually 3; 17 mm.; white or cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 778,
"SPECIES_ID": 8829,
"CLO": 8831,
"SPEC_NAME": "Pine Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Dendroica pinus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.2 ****",
"SECRETS": "The Pine Warbler often gets overlooked because people think its song is that of the Chipping Sparrow; Pine Warbler's song is more musical and slower.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pine forests and woodlands; during migration and winter, also frequents deciduous forests and woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from the Great Lakes region, southern Quebec, central Maine, and southwestern New Brunswick south to eastern Oklahoma and eastern Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida. Due to the distribution (or lack thereof) of pine habitat, birds are uncommon or absent in many parts of the Midwest south of the Great Lakes region but north of central Missouri, southern Illinois, and southern Indiana. Winters in the West Indies north to eastern Texas, southeastern Oklahoma, Arkansas, northern Tennessee, North Carolina, eastern Virginia, eastern Maryland, and Delaware; and sometimes further north (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note olive-green, unstreaked back; white undertail coverts, yellow breast and throat with dark streaks on sides of breast. Females are duller. In the fall, some birds may have very little yellow on them; compare with streaked backs of Blackpoll and Bay-breasted Warblers. In the lower Mississippi River valley, large stands of pine trees may harbor one or more Pine Warblers in the winter; they readily respond to pishing or the playing of Screech-Owl tapes. In the early spring, can be locally abundant in migration; as many as 63 birds were found by the same two observers in March of 1987 in Tennessee (Robinson 1990).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees (usually pines), generally up to about 8-80 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from weed stems, bark strips, pine needles, twigs, and spider's silk; and lined with plant down, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 18 mm.; white, grayish-white, or greenish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 10 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 779,
"SPECIES_ID": 8830,
"CLO": 8832,
"SPEC_NAME": "Kirtland's Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Dendroica kirtlandii",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "Endangered",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Compare the song of the Kirtland's Warbler to those of House Wren, Connecticut Warbler, and Northern Waterthrush.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in young jack pine stands; in winter, also frequents low scrub and thickets (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Currently breeds in northern Michigan; formerly bred in southern Ontario; and has recently bred in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. In addition, birds have recently been found in the summer in west-central and northwestern Wisconsin. Migrates to the Bahamas for the winter; it is not known if this species has a wider winter distribution (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: One of a few species of warblers which wags its tail. Note dark, bluish-gray back, which has darker streakings. Underparts are yellow, with black streaks on sides and flanks. Dark eye line, broken eye ring.\r\n\r\n\t Conservation notes: because of its limited winter distribution, catastrophic events (e.g., large, destructive storms or hurricanes) could adversely affect the majority of this species' population; cowbird trapping on breeding grounds have enabled this species to return from the brink of extinction; requires active intervention from federal and state land management agencies to maintain and increase the supply of its suitable young jack pine habitat.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from dead grasses and plant fibers; and lined with grasses, mosses, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4-5; 18 mm.; cream-white or pinkish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14-15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12-13 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 780,
"SPECIES_ID": 8831,
"CLO": 8833,
"SPEC_NAME": "Prairie Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Dendroica discolor",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.6 ****",
"SECRETS": "Prairie, Palm, and Kirtland's Warblers wag their tails; while waterthrushes bob up and down. Compare these two behavior patterns among these species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in young, second-growth habitats and in old, brushy fields with shrubs and young saplings.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Atlantic coast, breeding range extends from extreme southern Maine south to southern Florida; and west to southern New York, central Ohio, southern Illinois, central Missouri, and eastern Oklahoma south to eastern Texas and the central or southern portions of the Gulf states. Ranges further north to breed more locally in central Illinois, northern Michigan, southern Ontario, and northern New York. Migrates to the West Indies and Central America for the winter, when it may also be found in central and southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: One of a few species of warblers which wags its tail. Note olive-green upperparts (with indistinct reddish streaking), and yellowish underparts with black streaking on sides and flanks; side of face shows distinctive black and yellow color pattern. Females are duller. Song is a series of recursive buzzes, rising up the scale.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, generally up to about 2-15 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from plant down, bark shreds, dried grasses, pine needles, leaves, and spider's silk; and lined with animal hair and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 16 mm.; white, cream-white, or greenish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 781,
"SPECIES_ID": 8833,
"CLO": 8835,
"SPEC_NAME": "Palm Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Dendroica palmarum",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "3.5 *",
"SECRETS": "Although it is primarily an eastern warbler during spring migration, Palm Warblers range further west into Canada to breed and are regular fall visitors to the West coast.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Usually found near water. Breeds in open bogs and sometimes in semi-open situations with scattered trees and heavy undergrowth. During migration and winter, also frequents second-growth habitats, weedy or cultivated fields, hedgerows, and marsh edges (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from extreme southeastern Yukon and west-central and southern Mackenzie east across northern Alberta, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario to southern Labrador and Newfoundland; and south to northeastern British Columbia, central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, central Maine, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia (also further south locally, and rarely, to northern New York, Vermont, and northern New Hampshire). Winters in the West Indies, Central America, and Mexico north to: Baja California; coastal areas of Washington, Oregon, and California; southeastern Texas; the central or southern portions of the Gulf states; and northern Georgia, South Carolina, eastern North Carolina, coastal Maryland, and coastal Delaware (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: One of a few species of warblers which regularly wags its tail. Grayish-brown upperparts, with rufous crown, and yellowish underparts with dark chestnut streaking on sides of throat, breast, and sides. Note yellow eyebrow. Birds that breed further west have dull yellow or grayish-white belly. As in most warblers, plumage is duller in the fall.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground or in trees, generally up to about 4 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from bark, weed stalks, and dried grasses; and lined with fine grasses, small roots, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-5; 17 mm.; white or cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 782,
"SPECIES_ID": 8834,
"CLO": 8836,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bay-breasted Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Dendroica castanea",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.3",
"SECRETS": "In the fall, Bay-breasted Warblers should be compared with Blackpoll Warblers, and also with Pine Warblers.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in boreal coniferous forests; during migration and winter, frequents a wider diversity of woodland habitats, including second-growth forests and woodland edge (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from extreme southeastern Yukon, northeastern British Columbia, and southwestern Mackenzie east across northern Alberta, northern Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, and central Ontario to New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and western Newfoundland; and south to east-central British Columbia, central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, southern Quebec, northern New York, northern New Hampshire, and southern Maine. Migrates to Central and South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Males have grayish-green back with black streaks, blackish face, chestnut coloration on crown, throat, and sides, and a buffy-white patch on side of neck. In the fall, resembles Blackpoll Warblers, but typically lacks streaking on undersides; instead, breast and belly have a dull white or buffy coloration, with a trace of chestnut on sides or flanks; leg color is dark.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to about 4-50 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, plant down, twigs, roots, mosses, and lichens; and lined with bark strips and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 4-5; 17 mm.; light gray, white, bluish-white, or greenish-white in color, with brown or lilac markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 11-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 783,
"SPECIES_ID": 8835,
"CLO": 8837,
"SPEC_NAME": "Blackpoll Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Dendroica striata",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.4",
"SECRETS": "In the fall, Blackpoll Warblers should be compared with Bay-breasted Warblers, and also with Pine Warblers.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in boreal coniferous forests and, more locally, in mixed coniferous-deciduous second-growth habitats, bogs, and alder thickets; during migration and winter, frequents a wider diversity of woodland habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and central Yukon east across northern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario to northern Labrador and Newfoundland; and south to south-central British Columbia, southwestern and central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, north-central Ontario, southern Quebec, eastern New York, New England, and Nova Scotia. Migrates to South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Males have olive-gray back, black crown, white cheek, and white underparts with black streaking on sides and back; females are similar, but are not as boldly marked and have streaked crown and back. In the fall, resembles Bay-breasted Warbler, but typically shows greenish-yellow underparts with some faint streaking; front and back of legs are light-colored. Song is a series of high-pitched 'tseet' notes, becoming louder, then diminishing at end; compare with songs of Blackburnian, Cape May, and Bay-breasted Warblers.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 2-12 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, bark, grasses, moss, and lichens; and lined with small roots, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4-5; 18 mm.; light green, white, or cream-buff in color, with brown or lavender markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 11-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 784,
"SPECIES_ID": 8836,
"CLO": 8838,
"SPEC_NAME": "Cerulean Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Dendroica cerulea",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-3.7 ****",
"SECRETS": "The buzzy song of the Cerulean Warbler can, at times, be mistaken for a Northern Parula; in the areas where the ranges of these two species overlap, spend some time learning the subtle differences between their songs.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in mature deciduous forests, often in riparian situations; during migration, frequents a wider diversity of woodland habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central and southeastern Minnesota, central Wisconsin, central Michigan, southeastern Ontario, New York, and southern New England south to southern Arkansas, east-central Mississippi, central Alabama, eastern North Carolina, central Virginia, northeastern Maryland, northern Delaware, and northern New Jersey. Occasionally breeds further north, west, and south of this range. Migrates to South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Males have bluish upperparts with two conspicuous white wing bars; undersides are white with black necklace and dark blue streaking on sides of breast. Females are olive-green on back, with a bluish or bluish-green crown and yellowish eyebrow; belly is white; note yellowish breast and throat and dusky streaking on sides. Often found at the tops of trees, but occasionally descends lower in the understory, thereby offering a closer view.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 15-90 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from bark strips, weed stalks, grasses, moss, spider's silk, and lichens; and lined with mosses and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 17 mm.; grayish-white, cream-white, or greenish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 785,
"SPECIES_ID": 8841,
"CLO": 8843,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-and-white Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Mniotilta varia",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.5",
"SECRETS": "Song consists of a series of 5-6 'weesee' notes; generally lasts longer and is more full-bodied than song of Bay-breasted Warbler.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous and mixed deciduous-coniferous forests and woodlands usually with tall trees; during migration, frequents a wider diversity of woodland habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern Yukon and west-central and southwestern Mackenzie east across northern Alberta, central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, northern Ontario, and south-central Quebec to Newfoundland; and south to northeastern British Columbia, central Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, eastern Montana, southwestern South Dakota, western Nebraska, central Kansas, south-central and eastern Texas, central Louisiana, southern Mississippi east to central Georgia, central South Carolina, and southeastern North Carolina. Migrates to Mexico, Central America, and South America for the winter, when it may also be found in Florida, southern Texas, and in southern California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This is the only black-and-white plumaged North American warbler with a white stripe down middle of black crown. Often seen crawling on trunks and horizontal branches of tree, where it gleans insects and other food off surface; compare this behavior with Blackpoll and Black-throated Gray Warblers, which also have a strong component of black and white colors in their plumage.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, or in cavities at top of tree stumps, generally up to about 2 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from leaves, grass, bark strips, pine needles, and small roots; and lined with fine grasses and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-5, usually 5; 17 mm.; white or cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 10 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 8-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 786,
"SPECIES_ID": 8842,
"CLO": 8844,
"SPEC_NAME": "American Redstart",
"LATINNAME": "Setophaga ruticilla",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.4",
"SECRETS": "Sings such a variety of songs that it is difficult to learn its vocalizations; one song easily recognized is a 'Si-Si Si-Si Splatt!', with a downward inflection on last note.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in riparian woodlands, open deciduous and mixed deciduous-coniferous woodlands, and in second-growth habitats; during migration and winter, frequents an even wider diversity of woodland and woodland edge habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern Alaska and southern Yukon east across west-central and southern Mackenzie, north-central Saskatchewan, north-central Manitoba, and north-central Ontario to southern Labrador and Newfoundland; and south (through interior British Columbia, central Washington, and eastern Oregon) to extreme northwestern California, Idaho, south-central Colorado (where it is rare), eastern Oklahoma, eastern Texas, central Louisiana east to southern Alabama and northwestern Florida, southern Georgia, central South Carolina, central North Carolina, and southern Virginia. Migrates to Mexico, Central America, and South America for the winter, when it may also be found in southern Baja California and central Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Male is mostly black, with white belly and orange patches in wings and tail. Female is olive-brown, with white underparts and yellow patches in place of male's orange markings. Males (which initially resemble females) take two years to acquire full adult plumage, and intermediate plumages and colors can be seen. The American Redstart often spreads its tail and sallies out to catch insects like a flycatcher.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to about 4-70 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from plant down, bark, small roots, grasses, spider's silk, and lichens; and lined with animal hair, also sometimes with feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 4; 16 mm.; white, cream-gray, or greenish-white in color, with brown and gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 787,
"SPECIES_ID": 8843,
"CLO": 8845,
"SPEC_NAME": "Prothonotary Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Protonotaria citrea",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.6 ***",
"SECRETS": "Song consists of about 5-6 clear 'tsweet' or 'zweet' notes, all given on the same pitch.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in swamps, wet or seasonally flooded lowland forests, and in riparian forests; during migration and winter, frequents drier woodlands and scrub habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Atlantic coast, breeding range extends from central New York and northern New Jersey south to central and southern Florida; and west to extreme southern Ontario, east-central and southeastern Minnesota, eastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, central Oklahoma, and south-central and eastern Texas (includes the Gulf coast). Migrates to Mexico, Central America, and South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: The blue wings and golden-yellow plumage of the male is unmistakable; females are duller. Note the olive-colored back.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in natural cavities, or in bird boxes, generally up to about 3-32 feet above the ground. Nest is built from mosses, grasses, leaves, and twigs; and lined with small roots and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-8, usually 4-6; 19 mm.; cream or pinkish in color, with brown and gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 11 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 788,
"SPECIES_ID": 8844,
"CLO": 8846,
"SPEC_NAME": "Worm-eating Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Helmitheros vermivorus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.5",
"SECRETS": "This species, the Pine Warbler, and the Chipping Sparrow all have songs that sound alike; with practice, one can learn the subtle differences between each of these species' songs.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous forests with steep hillsides and ravines, usually with dense understory; during migration, frequents a wider diversity of woodland habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northeastern Kansas and northern Missouri east and north across southern and eastern Iowa, southern Wisconsin, and southwestern Michigan to southern New York and Massachusetts; and south to extreme eastern Oklahoma, northeastern Texas, south-central Louisiana, southern Mississippi, southwestern Alabama, northwestern Florida, northern and central Georgia, northwestern and coastal South Carolina, and North Carolina. Migrates to Mexico and Central America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Olive-brown upperparts, buffy below; head color pattern consists of black and buffy stripes.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from leaves and lined with mosses, animal hair, grasses, and plant fibers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 18 mm.; white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 789,
"SPECIES_ID": 8845,
"CLO": 8847,
"SPEC_NAME": "Swainson's Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Limnothlypis swainsonii",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.4",
"SECRETS": "Learn the song of the Swainson's Warbler, as it may be your best chance to locate this species: these birds are more often heard than seen, even after spending an hour or more in suitable habitat.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in swamps and bottomland forests and woodlands, almost always with dense undergrowth and canebrakes; also breeds in montane deciduous forests with rhododendron thickets, less frequently in regenerating pine forests; becomes more widespread in migration (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Local in its distribution, which occurs from southeastern Oklahoma and southern Missouri east across southern Illinois and southwestern and eastern Kentucky to southeastern Maryland; and south to east-central Texas, the Gulf coast, and northern Florida. Migrates to the West Indies, Mexico, and northern Central America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This is a brownish-olive warbler with a buffy eyestripe and dull white underparts. Partial to canebrakes, dense rhododendron thickets, and other types of dense undergrowth, where it is often difficult to get a good view of this bird.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or vines, generally up to about 1-10 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from leaves and lined with pine needles, moss, small roots, animal hair, and grass.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 3; 20 mm.; white in color, sometimes with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 790,
"SPECIES_ID": 8846,
"CLO": 8848,
"SPEC_NAME": "Ovenbird",
"LATINNAME": "Seiurus aurocapillus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.7 ****",
"SECRETS": "Song consists of a series of 'Teacher' notes, each one louder than the last; also has a more complex twilight song, given at dusk.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in mature upland deciduous and mixed deciduous-coniferous forests; during migration, frequents a wider diversity of woodland habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northeastern British Columbia, extreme southeastern Yukon, and southern Mackenzie east across northern Alberta, central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, and northern Ontario to Newfoundland; and south to southern Alberta, central and eastern Montana, northeastern Wyoming, central Colorado, Nebraska, extreme eastern Kansas, southeastern Oklahoma, and western Arkansas east to northern Georgia, western South Carolina, and central and northeastern North Carolina. Migrates to Mexico, the West Indies, and Central America for the winter, when it may also be found in South America (rare), southern Texas (rare), and central Florida (sometimes as far north along the Atlantic coast as North Carolina) (A.O.U. 1998; Dunn and Garrett 1997).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Resembles a small Wood Thrush, but with dark orange crown stripe.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, where it builds a dome-shaped or oven-like nest. Nest materials include grasses, leaves, weed stems, small roots, mosses, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 20 mm.; white in color, with brown or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 8-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 791,
"SPECIES_ID": 8847,
"CLO": 8849,
"SPEC_NAME": "Northern Waterthrush",
"LATINNAME": "Seiurus noveboracensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.6",
"SECRETS": "While the Louisiana Waterthrush is skittish and easily frightened, the Northern Waterthrush is often rather tame and allows observers to approach much more closely.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in thickets within or bordering bogs, swamps, ponds, or slow-moving streams; during migration and winter, frequents a variety of wooded habitats, but usually near water (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and northern Yukon east across northwestern and southern Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario to northern Labrador and Newfoundland; and south to central British Columbia, northeastern Washington, northern Idaho, western and central Montana, southwestern and central Alberta, southeastern Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, northern North Dakota, the Great Lakes region, southeastern West Virginia, western Maryland, New York, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. Migrates to Mexico, Central America, and South America for the winter, when it may also be found in southern Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Both waterthrush species have brownish or brownish-olive upperparts and streaked underparts. The Northern is told from the Louisiana by narrower eyebrow which is yellow or buff in color, yellowish throat which is usually spotted, and tendency for underparts to have a yellowish wash.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Typically nests under overhanging bank (near water) or amidst the roots of an upturned tree, generally up to about 2 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from mosses, twigs, pine needles, leaves, bark strips, and small roots; and lined with fine grasses and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 20 mm.; cream-white or buff-white in color, with brown or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 792,
"SPECIES_ID": 8848,
"CLO": 8850,
"SPEC_NAME": "Louisiana Waterthrush",
"LATINNAME": "Seiurus motacilla",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.4",
"SECRETS": "Like the American Dipper, its western counterpart in similar, fast-moving streams, the Louisiana Waterthrush has a loud, ringing song that carries far; it's likely this developed to overcome the noise of the rushing streams that it inhabits",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along (usually rock-bottom) streams and creeks, usually in woods; during migration, frequents a wider variety of woodland and semi-open habitats.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Atlantic coast, breeding range extends from southern Maine south to northern Florida, central and southwestern Georgia, central South Carolina and North Carolina; and west to southern Ontario, east-central and southeastern Minnesota, north-central Iowa, eastern Kansas, west-central Oklahoma, central Texas, and the central or southern portions of the Gulf states. Migrates to Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Both waterthrush species have brownish or brownish-olive upperparts and streaked underparts. The Louisiana is told from the Northern by wider eyebrow which is mostly white in color, whitish throat which usually lacks spots, and tendency for underparts to have a whitish wash. Of those species of warblers that make a mostly transoceanic flight during the spring migration (i.e., from Mexico, Central America, and South America), the Louisiana Waterthrush probably arrives earlier than other species. By early or mid March, they appear in Tennessee, and they may even arrive in Iowa as early as late March. This behavior has prompted many a birder to intensively search for them each year in suitable habitat, with the hope that perhaps this year's spring arrival date will best his/her previous earliest recorded date.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Typically nests under overhanging stream bank or amidst the roots of an upturned tree, generally up to about 2 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from leaves, mosses, small roots, and twigs; and lined with fern stems, grasses, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-6, usually 5; 19 mm.; white or cream-white in color, with brown or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 793,
"SPECIES_ID": 8849,
"CLO": 8851,
"SPEC_NAME": "Kentucky Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Oporornis formosus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.0 ***",
"SECRETS": "The 'ka-too, ka-too, ka-too, ka-too' song of the Kentucky Warbler is often given at a lower pitch and less often than the similarly-sounding Carolina Wren; but beware, some song types of these 2 species are virtually identical!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous forests and ravines with dense undergrowth, and along swamp edges; during migration, frequents a wider variety of wooded habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Atlantic coast, breeding range extends from southeastern New York and northern New Jersey south to central Georgia and South Carolina; and west to southern Wisconsin, eastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, central Oklahoma, and south-central and eastern Texas (includes the Gulf coast). Migrates to Mexico and Central America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Dark, olive-green back, wings, and tail, with blackish pattern on head; yellow underparts. Note yellow spectacles.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground or close to the ground in a shrub or weed. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from leaves, weed stems, and grasses; and lined with small roots and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 19 mm.; white or cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 8-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 794,
"SPECIES_ID": 8850,
"CLO": 8852,
"SPEC_NAME": "Connecticut Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Oporornis agilis",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.9",
"SECRETS": "The Connecticut, Mourning, and MacGillivray's Warbler complex often presents an identification problem, especially in the fall; concentrate on eye ring, head/hood patterns, and undertail coverts, among other features.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in spruce and tamarack bogs, and more locally in jack pine barrens; also frequents open poplar or aspen woodlands; during migration and winter, can be found in a wider variety of wooded and semi-open situations (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northeastern British Columbia (where it is rare and local) east across central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, and northern Ontario to south-central Quebec; and south to southern Manitoba and the Great Lakes region. It has been recorded in South America during the winter, but the actual location(s) of wintering birds is poorly understood (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Like its close relatives (i.e., Mourning and MacGillivray's Warblers) the Connecticut Warbler has a gray hood, dark olive back, and yellow underparts. Note complete, white eye ring. Undertail coverts extend nearly to end of tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, leaves, small roots, and bark strips and lined with animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4-5; 19 mm.; cream-white in color, with brown, black, or lilac markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 795,
"SPECIES_ID": 8851,
"CLO": 8853,
"SPEC_NAME": "Mourning Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Oporornis philadelphia",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.6 *",
"SECRETS": "The Connecticut, Mourning, and MacGillivray's Warbler complex often presents an identification problem, especially in the fall; concentrate on eye ring, head/hood patterns, and undertail coverts, among other features.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in open, brushy deciduous woodlands and second-growth habitats, usually where burns have occurred or in regenerating clear-cuts; during migration and winter, typically frequents thickets, weedy fields, scrub, and woodland undergrowth (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northeastern British Columbia and southeastern Yukon east across northeastern and central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, and central Ontario to Newfoundland; and south to southern Manitoba, north-central and northeastern North Dakota, central Minnesota, central Wisconsin, northeastern Illinois, southern Michigan, northern Ohio, northeastern Pennsylvania, southeastern New York, and western Massachusetts; also breeds south into those portions of the Appalachian Mountains bordering West Virginia, Maryland, and northwestern Virginia. Migrates to Central and South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Like its close relatives (i.e., Connecticut and MacGillivray's Warblers) the Mourning Warbler has a gray hood, dark olive back, and yellow underparts. Note blackish mottling on breast of adult male, absence of an eye ring (but note that adult females and immatures in the fall may display a narrow, eye ring which may often appear to be broken). Undertail coverts cover less than half the length of the tail. The songs of this species and the MacGillivray's Warbler are similar but can be distinguished with practice.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground or in shrubs, generally up to about 3 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, weed stalks, and leaves; and lined with small roots and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 3-4; 18 mm.; white or cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 7-9 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 796,
"SPECIES_ID": 8852,
"CLO": 8854,
"SPEC_NAME": "MacGillivray's Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Oporornis tolmiei",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.3",
"SECRETS": "The Connecticut, Mourning, and MacGillivray's Warbler complex often presents an identification problem, especially in the fall; concentrate on eye ring, head/hood patterns, and undertail coverts, among other features.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in areas of thick undergrowth within coniferous forest edge, brushy hillsides, or areas regenerating from burns or forest clearcuts; also frequents riparian thickets. During migration and winter, can be found in a wider variety of wooded habitats and in weedy fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Pacific coast, breeding range extends from southeastern Alaska south to southern California; and east (usually in the mountains) to southern Yukon, western and southern Alberta, extreme southwestern Saskatchewan, central Montana, southwestern South Dakota, southeastern Arizona, and southern New Mexico; also breeds in northeastern Mexico. Migrates to southern Baja California, Mexico, and Central America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Like its close relatives (i.e., Connecticut and Mourning Warblers) the MacGillivray's Warbler has a gray hood, dark olive back, and yellow underparts. Note blackish mottling on breast of adult male, and broken white eye ring (but compare with Mourning Warbler which sometimes has a faint, narrow eye ring which may often appear to be broken). Undertail coverts cover less than half the length of the tail. The songs of this species and the Mourning Warbler are similar but can be distinguished with practice.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs, but sometimes on the ground, generally up to about 1-5 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses and weed stalks; and lined with small roots and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4; 18 mm.; white or cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 8-9 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 797,
"SPECIES_ID": 8853,
"CLO": 8855,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Yellowthroat",
"LATINNAME": "Geothlypis trichas",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.3 ***",
"SECRETS": "Despite the fact that its song is widely recognized as a series of 'witchity' or 'witchy' notes with a terminal 'witch', this species' songs have a surprising diversity; as you travel across the country, listen for some of the variations.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in thickets or dense vegetation, usually near water (e.g., marshes and bogs), but also in more upland areas such as brushy pastures and old, shrubby or weedy fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Widespread. Breeding range extends from northern Baja California and Mexico north through the United States to southeastern Alaska, central Yukon, southwestern Northwest Territories, northern Alberta, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario east to Newfoundland. Winters throughout Mexico and Baja California, north to northern California, southern Arizona, southern Texas, the Gulf coast states, and Maryland; winter range also extends to Central America and the West Indies (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Yellowish underparts, olive back and tail, black forehead and black mask on side of face; females are duller, and lack black forehead and mask. Like the Yellow-rumped Warbler, the call note of the Common Yellowthroat is easy to learn; once learned, it can be used to detect the presence of yellowthroats in dense thickets and marshes, where they are often difficult to see. However, beware that call note does bear some resemblance to the call note of the Marsh Wren.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground or in shrubs, generally up to about 3 feet above the ground. Nest is a bulky, cup-shaped structure built from grasses, sedges, small roots, and leaves; and lined with animal hair, bark fibers, and fine grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 3-5; 18 mm.; white or cream-white in color, with brown, black, and gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 798,
"SPECIES_ID": 8861,
"CLO": 8863,
"SPEC_NAME": "Gray-crowned Yellowthroat",
"LATINNAME": "Geothlypis poliocephala",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in second-growth scrub habitats, riparian thickets, and in lowland pine savanna; also frequents dense grassy or brushy areas, and weedy fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico and Central America; formerly bred in southern Texas, mostly in the Brownsville area (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Olive upperparts, yellow underparts, gray crown, black lores, and broken white eye ring; females are duller.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not currently breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 799,
"SPECIES_ID": 8866,
"CLO": 8868,
"SPEC_NAME": "Hooded Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Wilsonia citrina",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.4",
"SECRETS": "Song is often interpreted as a loud, whistled 'weeta wee-tee-o'; also sings other variations, including 'Ba-dee, Ba-dee, Ba-dee, Phee-blee!', with emphasis on last note.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous or mixed deciduous-pine forests, preferably with a dense understory, and usually near water (stream or river) or a ravine; during migration and winter, frequents a variety of wooded habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Atlantic coast, breeding range extends from central and southeastern New York, Connecticut, and Rhode Island south to northern Florida; and west to extreme southern Ontario, central Wisconsin, central and northeastern Iowa, eastern Kansas, eastern Oklahoma, and central and eastern Texas (includes the Gulf coast); casually breeds in southern California. Migrates to Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Adult male, with black hood and yellowish underparts, is unmistakable; female has partial hood. Both sexes can be distinguished from other yellowish warblers by their white outer tail feathers (compare with Wilson's and Yellow Warblers); tail is frequently flashed and fanned to display white flash.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in young tree saplings or shrubs, generally up to about 1-6 feet above the ground; sometimes higher in trees. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from leaves, plant down, and spider's silk; and lined with animal hair and fine grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 3-4; 18 mm.; cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 8-9 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 800,
"SPECIES_ID": 8867,
"CLO": 8869,
"SPEC_NAME": "Wilson's Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Wilsonia pusilla",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.6",
"SECRETS": "Like the Orange-crowned Warbler, the Wilson's Warbler is more frequently encountered in western North America, where 20 or 30 birds can sometimes be recorded during a single day at the peak of migration.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in moist undergrowth and dense second-growth habitats, especially in or near riparian thickets and bogs; during migration and winter, frequents a wider diversity of open woodlands, thickets, brush, and scrubby habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and northern Yukon east across northwestern and east-central Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario to northern Labrador and Newfoundland. In the west, breeding range extends south to central coastal California and the San Bernardino Mountains of California, west-central and northeastern Nevada, south-central Utah, southwestern Colorado, and northern New Mexico; further east, range extends south to southwestern and east-central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, southern Quebec, extreme northeastern New York, northern Vermont, central Maine, and central Nova Scotia. Migrates to Mexico and Central America for the winter, when it may also be found in southern Baja California, southern Texas, southern Louisiana, and in Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Olive-green back, wings, and tail; yellow below; males have black crown. Females have black, beady eye, and lack wing bars and tail spots (compare with Yellow Warbler).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: May breed in loose colonies. Nests on the ground, sometimes higher in vines, generally up to about 3 feet above the ground. Nest is a bulky, cup-shaped structure built from mosses, leaves, weed stalks, and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-7, usually 4-6; 16 mm.; white or cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 10-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 8-11 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 801,
"SPECIES_ID": 8868,
"CLO": 8870,
"SPEC_NAME": "Canada Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Wilsonia canadensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.1 ***",
"SECRETS": "Listen for the almost inaudible 'tick' note that precedes the complicated song of the Canada Warbler.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in moist woodlands that have dense undergrowth; also in bogs and tall scrubby habitat along streams; during migration and winter, frequents a wider diversity of woodland habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from extreme southeastern Yukon and northeastern British Columbia east across northern Alberta, central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, and northern Ontario to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia; and south to central Alberta, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, southeastern Ohio, northern New Jersey, southeastern New York, and southern New England; also breeds south into the Appalachian Mountains to northwestern Georgia and western North Carolina. Migrates to South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Bluish-gray back and wings, yellow underparts, yellow spectacles, black necklace of streaks on breast; female is duller, with faint necklace. Compare with Kentucky Warbler.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground or amidst the roots of an upturned tree. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from leaves, bark shreds, twigs, grasses, and weed stalks; and lined with plant fibers, fern rootlets, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 17 mm.; white or cream-white in color, with brown or purple markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 802,
"SPECIES_ID": 8869,
"CLO": 8871,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-faced Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Cardellina rubrifrons",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pine or pine-oak forests; also frequents riparian thickets and, more locally, mixed aspen-coniferous woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Mexico north into central Arizona and southwestern New Mexico; withdraws from northern portions of range in the winter, when it is also found in Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Gray back, wings, and tail; belly and rump are white; note black crown and red face; red extends from face onto breast.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from leaves, fir needles, small roots, and bark strips; and lined with grasses and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4; 17 mm.; white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 803,
"SPECIES_ID": 8872,
"CLO": 8874,
"SPEC_NAME": "Painted Redstart",
"LATINNAME": "Myioborus pictus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pine or pine-oak forests, usually in wet, shaded canyons (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Mexico and Central America north into northwestern and central Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and western Texas; occasionally breeds in southern California. Withdraws from the northern portions of its range in the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note white crescent below eye; mostly black plumage with red belly and lower breast, white wing patch, and white outer tail feathers. Tail is often fanned, displaying flash of white.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground (usually on an embankment, near water); sometimes in vines. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from pieces of bark and weed stalks; and lined with animal hair and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4, usually 4; 17 mm.; cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-13 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 804,
"SPECIES_ID": 8873,
"CLO": 8875,
"SPEC_NAME": "Slate-throated Redstart",
"LATINNAME": "Myioborus miniatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in evergreen and pine-evergreen forests; also in pine-oak and oak woodlands (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico, Central America, and South America; considered accidental in southeastern New Mexico and in southern Arizona (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Chestnut crown is hidden against dark back and black face and throat; note red breast.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 805,
"SPECIES_ID": 8884,
"CLO": 8886,
"SPEC_NAME": "Fan-tailed Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Euthlypis lachrymosa",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous and evergreen forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico and Central America; considered casual or accidental in northern Baja California and southeastern Arizona (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Yellow underparts, white undertail coverts; gray back, wings, and tail. Tail is tipped with white. Crown is yellow, bordered with black; black lores, with broken white eye ring; also note white spot in front of eye.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 806,
"SPECIES_ID": 8896,
"CLO": 8898,
"SPEC_NAME": "Golden-crowned Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Basileuterus culicivorus",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in lowland and montane evergreen forests; also in semi-deciduous forests (A.O.U. 1998; Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico, Central America, and South America; considered a casual visitor to southern Texas, in the Rio Grande Valley (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Golden-yellow crown is bordered in black; note yellow underparts, olive auricular patch, yellowish-green eyebrow, and dark eye line.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 807,
"SPECIES_ID": 8899,
"CLO": 8901,
"SPEC_NAME": "Rufous-capped Warbler",
"LATINNAME": "Basileuterus rufifrons",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in scrub habitats, and in semi-open areas with hedges and scattered shrubs; also frequents second-growth areas and woodland edge (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico and Central America; considered a casual visitor to southeastern Arizona, where it attempted to nest in 1977; also casual in western and southern Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Olive back, wings, and tail; belly appears whitish; note yellow throat and breast; rufous crown and auricular patch are offset by white eyebrow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 808,
"SPECIES_ID": 8910,
"CLO": 8912,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow-breasted Chat",
"LATINNAME": "Icteria virens",
"FAMILY_ID": "PARU",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.3",
"SECRETS": "The Chat's song (squeaks, grunts, and whistles) is unique among warblers; sometimes imitates the call notes of other species, and may often sing at night.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in young, second-growth habitats and in old, brushy fields with shrubs and young saplings; also frequents riparian thickets.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Mexico and south-central Baja California north through the United States (except for central and southern Florida) to southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, western and central North Dakota, southern Minnesota, southern Wisconsin, southern Michigan, extreme southern Ontario, and central New York. Generally winters from southern Baja California, southern Texas, southern Louisiana, and southern Florida south into Mexico and Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This large warbler has olive-green wings, back, and tail; note white belly, yellow throat and breast, white spectacles, and comparatively thick bill. While singing, may briefly fly up into the air from its perch. Oftentimes, it is difficult to get good looks at these birds due to their preference for dense thickets.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or vines, generally up to about 2-8 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from leaves and bark; and lined with plant stems and grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 3-4; 22 mm.; white or light cream in color, with rust or violet markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 8 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 809,
"SPECIES_ID": 8919,
"CLO": 8921,
"SPEC_NAME": "Pine Bunting",
"LATINNAME": "Emberiza leucocephalos",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in sparse coniferous forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia and India; considered to be accidental in Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Males have white crown, and distinctive white and brown color pattern to face; note brown breast band and brownish streaking on sides and flanks. Female is similar, with less distinct breast band; head color pattern is duller than in male.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 810,
"SPECIES_ID": 8938,
"CLO": 8940,
"SPEC_NAME": "Little Bunting",
"LATINNAME": "Emberiza pusilla",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on the tundra; winters in scrub habitats and on cultivated lands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, and India; considered to be accidental in Alaska and California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Heavily streaked brownish back and wings; underparts are dull white with dark streaking. Note buffy-orange face and chin; buffy-orange crown is bordered by black; pale white eye ring.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 811,
"SPECIES_ID": 8940,
"CLO": 8942,
"SPEC_NAME": "Rustic Bunting",
"LATINNAME": "Emberiza rustica",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Frequents taiga habitats and the undergrowth of open coniferous-deciduous woodlands; also found in streamside thickets, scrubby and brushy areas, grasslands, and cultivated lands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe and Asia; migrates regularly through the Aleutian Islands; considered to be a casual visitor to mainland Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, and California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: White outer tail feathers. On male, note chestnut coloration on back and wings, plus chestnut breast band and chestnut wash on sides and flanks. Males head is black, with contrasting white throat, white eyebrow (behind the eye only), and white spot on nape. Female is similar, but duller, with brownish head.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 812,
"SPECIES_ID": 8942,
"CLO": 8944,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow-breasted Bunting",
"LATINNAME": "Emberiza aureola",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in scrub habitats and in fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe and Asia; considered to be accidental in Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Male has black face and forehead, yellow underparts (with chestnut breast band), chestnut crown and nape; back, wings, and tail are brownish to chestnut in color. Also note white wing bars. Female's plumage is noticeably different and should be studied closely.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 813,
"SPECIES_ID": 8952,
"CLO": 8954,
"SPEC_NAME": "Gray Bunting",
"LATINNAME": "Emberiza variabilis",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in thickets and dense undergrowth of coniferous-deciduous woodlands; also found in scrubby habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia; considered to be accidental in Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Breeding-plumaged male is mostly gray, with darker wings and tail; note black streaks on upper back; becomes more brown in the winter. Females are generally brown, with rufous lower back and rump and grayish-white underparts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 814,
"SPECIES_ID": 8953,
"CLO": 8955,
"SPEC_NAME": "Pallas' Bunting",
"LATINNAME": "Emberiza pallasi",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in thickets in tundra and taiga habitats; also frequents reed beds (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia; considered to be accidental in Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Breeding male has black head, chin, and breast; note white underparts and nape. White moustache also separates black face and throat. Outer tail feathers are white. Wings show area of gray on lesser wing coverts. Rest of wings and back are streaked black and gray, with two whitish wing bars. Females are browner, with dark streak bordering pale throat; note black mark on lower rear end of buffy-brown auricular patch. In all plumages, compare with Reed Bunting.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 815,
"SPECIES_ID": 8954,
"CLO": 8956,
"SPEC_NAME": "Reed Bunting",
"LATINNAME": "Emberiza schoeniclus",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in reed beds and riparian thickets; also frequents wet meadows, pastures, and open country (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and India; considered to be a casual visitor in migration to the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Upper mandible is slightly curved downward. Breeding male has black head, chin, and breast; note white underparts and nape. White moustache also separates black face and throat. Outer tail feathers are white. Wings show rufous area on lesser wing coverts. Rest of wings and back are streaked black and rufous. Rump is gray. Females are browner, with dark streak bordering pale throat; buffy eyebrow; note black line on lower border of buffy-brown auricular patch; also shows rufous lesser wing coverts. In all plumages, compare with Pallas' Bunting.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 816,
"SPECIES_ID": 8956,
"CLO": 8958,
"SPEC_NAME": "McCown's Longspur",
"LATINNAME": "Calcarius mccownii",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.1",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in habitats of short-grass plains with patches of bare ground; also in plowed and stubble fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, and southwestern North Dakota south through central Montana to southeastern Wyoming, northeastern Colorado, and northwestern Nebraska. Generally winters from central Arizona, central New Mexico, west-central Kansas, and central Oklahoma south into Mexico and western and south-central Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding male, note black crown, white throat, and black band across breast; also of note is the rufous patch at bend of wing. As with all the longspurs, plumage is variable, both within and between sexes; closely study field guides that cover these species in more detail, concentrating on wing, face, breast, and tail color patterns. Call notes, especially of birds flying high overhead, are also important for those students wishing to learn how to better identify these species.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses and lined with wool and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 3-4; 20 mm.; white, pinkish-white, or light green in color, with dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 817,
"SPECIES_ID": 8957,
"CLO": 8959,
"SPEC_NAME": "Lapland Longspur",
"LATINNAME": "Calcarius lapponicus",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Because it's so widespread, this is perhaps the best longspur species whose flight calls should be learned first. Listen for a 3-syllabled rattle, which is often followed by a descending 'tew' note; compare other species' calls to this one.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds on the Arctic tundra in wet meadows with grassy tussocks, and in scrub habitats; during migration and winter, also frequents plowed and stubble fields, and open grasslands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from islands in the Bering Sea and the Aleutian Islands east to western and northern Alaska, northern Yukon, the Arctic islands, and Greenland south to northern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, northeastern Manitoba, extreme northern Ontario, northern Quebec, and northern Labrador. Generally winters from northern California east across northern Utah, Colorado, Oklahoma, northwestern Texas, Arkansas, and Tennessee to Maryland; and north through the United States to southern British Columbia, southern Ontario, and Nova Scotia; sometimes further south (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding male, note black head and throat bordered by white stripe from behind eye and down side of throat; chestnut nape; and generally white underparts with some dark streaking on sides and flanks. Outer tail feathers show some white, but not as much as in other longspur species. As with all the longspurs, plumage is variable, both within and between sexes; closely study field guides that cover these species in more detail, concentrating on wing, face, breast, and tail color patterns. Call notes, especially of birds flying high overhead, are also important for those students wishing to learn how to better identify these species.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground in hilly areas of the tundra. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses and mosses, and lined with plant down, feathers, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 4-6; 21 mm.; light greenish-white to buffy-brown in color, with brown and black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 8-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 818,
"SPECIES_ID": 8958,
"CLO": 8960,
"SPEC_NAME": "Smith's Longspur",
"LATINNAME": "Calcarius pictus",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in dry, hilly areas of the Arctic tundra; during migration and winter, also frequents plowed and stubble fields, fields with short grass (including those at airports), and prairies (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range includes east-central Alaska and adjacent northwestern British Columbia; remainder of breeding range extends from northern Alaska east across northern Yukon, northern and east-central Mackenzie, and southern Keewatin to northeastern Manitoba and extreme northern Ontario. Generally winters from Kansas south to west-central Oklahoma and east-central Texas; and east to Arkansas (and also to northwestern Louisiana where it is considered rare) (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding male, note black crown, white eyebrow, and black-and-white pattern on side of neck; buffy-orange breast and belly; buffy nape; and white patch at bend of wing. Outer tail feathers are white. Females, immatures, and winter adults all show buffy underparts. As with all the longspurs, plumage is variable, both within and between sexes; closely study field guides that cover these species in more detail, concentrating on wing, face, breast, and tail color patterns. Call notes, especially of birds flying high overhead, are also important for those students wishing to learn how to better identify these species.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground in hilly areas of the tundra. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses and lined with feathers and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-6, usually 4-5; 21 mm.; grayish in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-12 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 819,
"SPECIES_ID": 8959,
"CLO": 8961,
"SPEC_NAME": "Chestnut-collared Longspur",
"LATINNAME": "Calcarius ornatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.1",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in prairies and short-grass plains; also frequents open cultivated fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, and southern Manitoba south (but east of the Rocky Mountains) to northeastern Colorado, north-central Nebraska, and western Minnesota. Generally winters from California (along the coast, in the southern portion of the state, and rarely in eastern California), northern Arizona, central and eastern New Mexico, eastern Colorado, and central Kansas south to Mexico and southern Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding male, note black crown, white eyebrow, and black/buffy/white pattern on face and side of neck; chestnut collar; black breast (sometimes with some rufous wash); and distinctive tail pattern, resulting in black triangular patch on otherwise white tail. In the winter, note buffy underparts; males may have some black mottling on breast. As with all the longspurs, plumage is variable, both within and between sexes; closely study field guides that cover these species in more detail, concentrating on wing, face, breast, and tail color patterns. Call notes, especially of birds flying high overhead, are also important for those students wishing to learn how to better identify these species.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses and lined with feathers, small roots, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 3-5; 19 mm.; cream-white in color, with dark brown and black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 10-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 820,
"SPECIES_ID": 8960,
"CLO": 8962,
"SPEC_NAME": "Snow Bunting",
"LATINNAME": "Plectrophenax nivalis",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "In the winter, Snow Buntings can be found in small, medium-size, and sometimes even large flocks in open agricultural fields; listen for whistled call notes of birds in flight, which sounds somewhat like Lapland Longspur's call note.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in dry tundra and rocky, barren areas of the Arctic; during migration and winter, also frequents grassy or weedy fields, stubble fields, beaches, and roadsides (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and northern Yukon east across northwestern Mackenzie, and the Arctic islands to Greenland; and south to extreme northwestern British Columbia, southwestern and central Yukon, east-central Mackenzie, central and southeastern Keewatin, Southampton and Belcher Islands, northern Quebec, and northern Labrador. Winters from central Oregon, northern Utah, Colorado, central Kansas, central Missouri, and northern Kentucky east to North Carolina; and north to southern Canada and west-central and southern Alaska; and sometimes further south (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding male, note mostly white plumage with black back and black areas in the wings and tail; adult female is similar, but with grayish-buff streaking on crown and gray streaking on back. In the winter, birds acquire an orangish-red wash to crown, nape, rump, and sides.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, usually in rocky or barren areas, where its nest is usually placed in a rock crevice; also nests in artificial nest structures (e.g., bird houses or oil barrels). Nest materials include grass, moss, lichens, roots, leaves, plant down, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-9, usually 4-7; 23 mm.; light blue, gray, or cream-white in color, with brown and gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 10-16 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10-17 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 821,
"SPECIES_ID": 8961,
"CLO": 8963,
"SPEC_NAME": "McKay's Bunting",
"LATINNAME": "Plectrophenax hyperboreus",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open, rocky areas, on beaches, and along shorelines in the tundra (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds on islands in Alaska's Bering Sea; also winters in Alaska, where it can be found on the western and southeastern coast lines, less commonly in south-coastal Alaska or in the Aleutian Islands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding male, note mostly white plumage with black primaries and black in tip of tail; overall, has less black than in Snow Bunting. Adult female is similar, but with pale grayish streaking on crown and dark gray mottling on back. In the winter, birds acquire a buffy wash on head and back, but still appear more white than Snow Bunting.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, usually in rock crevice or beneath rocks or driftwood. Nest is made primarily with grassy materials.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5; 23 mm.; light green in color, with pale brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 10-16 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10-17 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 822,
"SPECIES_ID": 8962,
"CLO": 8964,
"SPEC_NAME": "Lark Bunting",
"LATINNAME": "Calamospiza melanocorys",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.9",
"SECRETS": "With a bird as striking as the adult male Lark Bunting, it's easy to make the mistake of not taking the time to learn the female and immature plumages, which are remarkably different; familiarize yourself with all plumages of this species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in sagebrush and in grassy plains, prairies, and meadows; during migration and winter, also frequents cultivated lands, brushy areas, and desert habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, southwestern Manitoba, and southeastern North Dakota south to eastern New Mexico, northern Texas, western Oklahoma, eastern Kansas, and northwestern Missouri. Occasionally also breeds in southern California, Utah, southwestern Colorado, northwestern New Mexico, and west-central Texas. In the winter, the Lark Bunting can be found in Mexico and southern Baja California north to southern Nevada, central Arizona, southern New Mexico, north-central, southern, and eastern Texas, southwestern Kansas, and western Oklahoma (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Breeding male is unmistakable. Female is streaked grayish-brown above; paler below, with brown streaking on breast and flanks; note pale eyestripe and brownish auricular patch; white wing patch is present, but not as large as in male. Immature birds tend to resemble the plumage of adult females. Compare females and immatures with Vesper Sparrow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, weed stems, and small roots; and lined with plant down and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 4-5; 22 mm.; pale greenish-blue in color, sometimes with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 8-9 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 823,
"SPECIES_ID": 8963,
"CLO": 8965,
"SPEC_NAME": "Fox Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Passerella iliaca",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.4",
"SECRETS": "Call note suggests Dark-eyed Junco's, but is harsher and thicker. There are many subspecies, which vary in plumage markings; see how many subspecies appear in your neighborhood during the winter.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in dense thickets and undergrowth of coniferous or deciduous forests and woodlands; also frequents scrubby areas, hedgerows, chaparral, and riparian woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and northern Yukon east across northwestern and central eastern Mackenzie, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario to northern Labrador. In the west, breeding range extends south through British Columbia, southwestern Alberta, northern Idaho, and western Montana to the mountains of Oregon, California, central Nevada, northern Utah, southwestern Wyoming, and central Colorado; further east, range extends south to central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, north-central Ontario, southeastern Quebec, and southern Newfoundland. Generally winters in the Pacific coastal area (central British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California), central Arizona, northern New Mexico, and from southern Minnesota east to Maine and southern New Brunswick; and south to northern Baja California, southern Arizona, Texas, the Gulf states, and southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This large, brownish sparrow is typically more heavily streaked below than in Song Sparrow. Note the lower mandible, which is paler than the contrastingly darker upper mandible. Some birds show gray coloration in head and upper back; most birds show rufous wash in wings, rump, and tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground or in shrubs, generally up to about 3-20 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, mosses, small roots, grasses, and bark shreds; and lined with feathers and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5; 23 mm.; light blue or light green in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-11 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 824,
"SPECIES_ID": 8964,
"CLO": 8966,
"SPEC_NAME": "Song Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Melospiza melodia",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.6 ****",
"SECRETS": "The songs of the Song and Vesper Sparrows are often confused; listen for the 3-note introduction before the trill(s) in the Song Sparrow; Vesper Sparrows typically have a 2-note introduction.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in brushy, shrubby, or grassy areas; along woodland edge; and in bogs, marshes, and hedgerows. Also frequents forests with dense undergrowth, riparian corridors, and urban and suburban areas.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern Alaska, south-central Yukon, and northern British Columbia east across south-central Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, and northern Manitoba to south-central Quebec and southwestern Newfoundland; and south to south-central Baja California, Mexico, northern New Mexico, northeastern Kansas, north-central Arkansas, southern Tennessee, northern Alabama, northern Georgia, and northwestern and coastal South Carolina. Generally winters from southern Alaska, coastal British Columbia, southern Canada (i.e., southern British Columbia, southern Ontario, southwestern Quebec, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia), and the northern U.S. south throughout the remainder of the breeding range and to southern Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This brownish sparrow has a rounded tail and streaked breast, with streaks often forming a central concentration of markings called a 'stick-pin'. Side of face typically shows more brown than Lincoln's Sparrow. Call note, 'chimp' is different from House Sparrow's oft-repeated 'cheep' note.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground or in weeds or shrubs, generally up to about 3-12 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grass, leaves, and bark strips.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 3-4; 20 mm.; light green to greenish-white in color, with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 825,
"SPECIES_ID": 8965,
"CLO": 8967,
"SPEC_NAME": "Lincoln's Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Melospiza lincolnii",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.8 ****",
"SECRETS": "The Lincoln's Sparrow is less common than the similar Song Sparrow; it tends to stay hidden in thick grass or brush. Song may sometimes be confused with House Wren.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in northern or montane bogs, meadows, riparian thickets, and brushy clearings. During migration and winter, also frequents grassy or shrubby fields, woodland edge, hedgerows, and undergrowth in open woodlands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from western and central Alaska, central Yukon, and northwestern and southern Mackenzie east across northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario to central Labrador and Newfoundland. In the west, breeding range extends south to the mountains of southern California, extreme west-central Nevada, east-central Arizona, and southern New Mexico; further east, range extends south to southwestern and south-central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, northern New York, and central New England. Generally winters in Central America, Mexico, and southern Baja California north to southwestern British Columbia, California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, Arizona, central New Mexico, Oklahoma, and eastern Kansas east to northern Georgia (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This brownish sparrow is identified by the buffy wash that crosses the upper breast; note that streaks on breast sometimes forms a stick-pin. Side of face shows more gray than Song Sparrow; also note pale eye ring. Compare with Song Sparrow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, sometimes in shrubs. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses or sedges and lined with animal hair and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 19 mm.; light green to greenish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 826,
"SPECIES_ID": 8966,
"CLO": 8968,
"SPEC_NAME": "Swamp Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Melospiza georgiana",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.9 *",
"SECRETS": "The presence of this sparrow in the marsh is often revealed by its clear, sweet 'chink' call note.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in the emergent vegetation that surrounds or borders swamps, marshes, bogs, meadows, or streams. During migration and winter, also frequents weedy or brushy fields, thickets, scrubby habitats, and forest edge (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from west-central and southern Mackenzie and northern Saskatchewan east across northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario to southern Labrador and Newfoundland; and south to east-central British Columbia, south-central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the eastern Dakotas, central Nebraska, and northern Illinois east to southeastern West Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware. Generally winters from southern Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida north to Nebraska, Iowa, the Great Lakes region, central New York, and Massachusetts; also winters in smaller numbers from Mexico north to central and southern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: The combination of grayish face and reddish or rufous wings and back help to identify this sparrow; back is variably streaked with black. In breeding adults, also note the whitish throat and belly, gray breast, and faint brownish wash on flanks; faint streaks on breast may be present. Crown is chestnut in breeding plumage, browner with grayish central stripe in winter. Immatures and winter adults are more buffy below. Compare with Lincoln's and White-throated Sparrows.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or emergent vegetation, usually over water and generally up to about 6 feet above the ground (or water surface). Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from coarse and fine grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 19 mm.; light green to greenish-white in color, with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 11-13 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 827,
"SPECIES_ID": 8968,
"CLO": 8970,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-throated Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Zonotrichia albicollis",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.1 ****",
"SECRETS": "Call note, a loud 'chink', can often be used to help locate individuals in the dense thickets and hedge rows that these birds often use for cover.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in bogs, open woodlands, brushy areas, and in coniferous or mixed coniferous-deciduous forests; during migration and winter, also frequents hedgerows, scrubby areas, residential areas, and brushy fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern Yukon and west-central and southern Mackenzie east across northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario to central Labrador and Newfoundland; and south to central interior and northeastern British Columbia, central Alberta, central and southeastern Saskatchewan, north-central North Dakota, the Great Lakes region, northern and east-central West Virginia, northern Pennsylvania, northern New Jersey, and northern New York to Nova Scotia. Generally winters from Kansas, southern Minnesota, southern Wisconsin, and southern Michigan east to central New York and Massachusetts; and south to Mexico, southern Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida; also winters in smaller numbers from western Texas west to New Mexico, Utah, Arizona, northern Baja California, and California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Grayish underparts, white throat, streaked brownish back. Note especially the head pattern: white-and-black striped crown, with yellow lores. Polymorphic; some birds show black-and-tan striping on head. In the winter, forms loose flocks in woodlands or along extensive hedgerows that may number several dozen birds.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, sometimes in shrubs or in the roots of an upturned tree, generally up to about 3 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, wood chips, twigs, and pine needles; and lined with small roots and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-6; 21 mm.; cream-white, bluish-white, or greenish-white in color, with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 8-9 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 828,
"SPECIES_ID": 8969,
"CLO": 8971,
"SPEC_NAME": "Harris' Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Zonotrichia querula",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The Harris' Sparrow is perhaps our largest North American sparrow; its size alone should constitute a field mark used for identification.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along the transitional range between coniferous forest and Arctic tundra, where there is brush and stunted trees; during migration and winter, also frequents hedgerows, thickets, open woodlands, forest edge, and scrubby habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northwestern and east-central Mackenzie and southern Keewatin south to northeastern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, and northwestern Ontario. Generally winters from northern Nebraska and central Iowa south to south-central and central coastal Texas; much more rare are the regular appearances of this species at far distant locations in the winter, including these representative locations: southeastern Alaska, Montana, California, and Tennessee (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Large size, pink bill. In breeding plumage, note black on crown, forehead, chin, and throat; in the winter, there is often a reduced amount of black, especially in immature birds. Underparts are white, with black wash on sides in the summer, buffy wash on sides in the winter. Song consists of three, long, slurred, drawn-out whistles that have a mournful pitch. Often associates with White-crowned Sparrows in the winter.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from mosses, grasses, weed stalks, and small roots.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4-5; 22 mm.; white or greenish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation lasts approximately 13-14 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 829,
"SPECIES_ID": 8970,
"CLO": 8972,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-crowned Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Zonotrichia leucophrys",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.7 ****",
"SECRETS": "The variable song of the White-crowned Sparrow has been extensively studied and is often cited in the literature as an example of one species that can have many different dialects.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Breeds in a wide variety of habitats, including (but not limited to) coastal brushland, chaparral, thickets, and wet meadows; during migration and winter, also frequents farmlands, brushy desert areas, grassy and weedy fields, brushy woodland edge, and hedgerows (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: In the west, breeding range extends from Alaska and northern Yukon east to northern Mackenzie and central Keewatin; and south (through coastal areas and inland mountains, with disjunct populations at southern portion of range) to southern California, southern Nevada, northern and east-central Arizona, and northern New Mexico. Further east, breeding range extends from northern Saskatchewan and northern Manitoba east across northern Ontario to southern Labrador, northern Newfoundland, and south-central Quebec. Generally winters from southern British Columbia, Washington, Idaho, Montana, and through the central U.S. south to southern Baja California, Mexico, southern Texas, the Gulf coast east to northwestern Florida, and south-central Georgia. Winters regularly, but in substantially smaller numbers further north along the east coast, and south to southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Combination of grayish underparts, pink bill, and striped crown identify this sparrow in all plumages. Immatures have reddish-brown and pale buff head stripes; adults have black and white head stripes. Several races are documented in the literature; they vary in song type and/or plumage features, with some birds having black lores (while others have white lores). In some areas of the eastern and southeastern U.S., White-crowned Sparrows may be an uncommon winter visitor; look for it in these areas of the country in multiflora rose hedgerows.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, also in shrubs or trees, generally up to about 35 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, grasses, small roots, and weed stems; and lined with fine grasses, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 3-5; 21 mm.; light blue or light green in color, with brown and black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 7-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 830,
"SPECIES_ID": 8971,
"CLO": 8973,
"SPEC_NAME": "Golden-crowned Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Zonotrichia atricapilla",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Song usually consists of three clear, whistled, descending notes that suggest a White-throated Sparrow's song that is abruptly interrupted.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in brushy canyons, scrub habitats, dwarf coniferous trees, and montane thickets; during migration and winter, also frequents dense brush, chaparral, and residential areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from western and north-central Alaska and south-central Yukon south to southern British Columbia, extreme northern Washington, and southwestern Alberta. Generally winters from northern Baja California, southern Arizona, and southern California north (but mostly west of the Sierra Nevada and the Cascades ranges) to coastal and interior southern British Columbia and southern Alaska; occasionally winters further south and east (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Golden-yellow crown and dark bill identify this sparrow in all plumages; golden-yellow crown is brightest in breeding plumage, duller in the winter, and even more dull in immature birds. Dark bill separates this sparrow from the White-crowned Sparrow, with which if often associates in the winter.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, but sometimes in trees, generally up to about 2-3 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from leaves, twigs, mosses, and grasses; and lined with feathers and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5; 23 mm.; cream to light bluish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 831,
"SPECIES_ID": 8973,
"CLO": 8975,
"SPEC_NAME": "Dark-eyed Junco",
"LATINNAME": "Junco hyemalis",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The Dark-eyed Junco complex includes 4 groups that were once recognized as separate species: the Slate-colored, Oregon, White-winged, and Gray-headed Juncos.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a variety of wooded habitats, along forest edge, in clearings and bogs, and in adjacent brushy areas; during migration and winter, also frequents open woodlands, grassy and brushy fields, hedgerows, park-like habitats, and residential areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Widespread. Breeds throughout Alaska and Canada (except for extreme northeastern Canada and the Arctic islands). In the west, breeding range continues south from Washington, Montana, and western South Dakota south to the mountains of northern Baja California, southern California, central Arizona, southern New Mexico, and western Texas; further east, breeding range continues south to the Great Lakes region, southeastern New York, northern New Jersey, and southern New England; also breeds south into the Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia and northwestern South Carolina. Generally winters from south-coastal Alaska, coastal British Columbia, and southern Canada south throughout breeding range to central Florida, the Gulf coast, Texas, and northern Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Pink bill, white belly, white outer tail feathers. Wings, back, tail, head, and upper breast coloration varies from gray, to slate-colored, to brown, etc. depending on which subspecies an individual bird represents; White-winged Junco form has 2 white wing bars. Song is similar to Chipping Sparrow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, on overhanging road or stream bank, rarely in tree or shrub, generally up to about 20 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, mosses, small roots, bark, and twigs.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 3-5; 19 mm.; white to light bluish-white in color, with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-13 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 832,
"SPECIES_ID": 8975,
"CLO": 8977,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow-eyed Junco",
"LATINNAME": "Junco phaeonotus",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pine and pine-oak forests; sometimes, also frequents oak woodlands (A.O.U. 1998; Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from southern Arizona and extreme southwestern New Mexico south into Mexico and northern Central America; also resident in extreme southern Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Gray-headed form of Dark-eyed Junco, but note rufous wash on greater wing coverts and distinctive yellow eyes.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, but also in shrubs or trees, generally up to about 15 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses and mosses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 3-4; 20 mm.; white to light bluish-gray in color, with reddish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 833,
"SPECIES_ID": 8976,
"CLO": 8978,
"SPEC_NAME": "Savannah Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Passerculus sandwichensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.6 ***",
"SECRETS": "Many times, when searching for Le Conte's and Sharp-tailed Sparrows, you will flush many Savannah Sparrows; compared to those other two species, notice the Savannah's comparatively stronger, more direct flight style.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open areas including (but not limited to) grasslands or grassy areas with scattered shrubs, Arctic tundra, meadows, bogs, farmlands, and marshes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Widespread. Breeds throughout Canada (except for the Arctic islands) south to coastal west-central California, the interior of east-central California, southern Nevada, southern Utah, east-central Arizona, northern New Mexico, central Colorado, Nebraska, Iowa, Kentucky, and eastern Tennessee east to central Maryland. Also breeds along the Pacific coast of Baja California, and from northeastern Baja California south into Mexico and northern Central America. Generally winters from California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, northern Arizona, central New Mexico, and Kansas east to the Atlantic coast (and north along both coasts to central Nova Scotia and southwestern British Columbia) south to southern Baja California, Mexico, Central America, southern Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This pale-backed sparrow usually has a white central crown stripe and streaking on breast that occasionally forms a central stick-pin; compare with Song Sparrow. Note yellowish lores, pinkish legs. Lores of some birds are whitish. Compare its song with that of the Grasshopper Sparrow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses and mosses and lined with animal hair and small roots.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 3-5; 20 mm.; greenish-blue or dull white, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days, sometimes as short as 10 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 7-10 days old, sometimes as long as 14 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 834,
"SPECIES_ID": 8977,
"CLO": 8979,
"SPEC_NAME": "Seaside Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Ammodramus maritimus",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "1.3 ****",
"SECRETS": "A subspecies of the Seaside Sparrow known as the Dusky Seaside Sparrow, was formerly found along the coast of east-central Florida, but is now considered to be extinct.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in salt marshes and marsh prairies (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends coastally from southern New Hampshire and Massachusetts south to northeastern Florida; and west along the Gulf coast from western Florida to southeastern Texas. Generally winters coastally from Massachusetts south through remainder of breeding range, extending occasionally to southern Florida; and along the Gulf coast westward through remainder of breeding range, extending to the mouth of the Rio Grande River (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This coastal sparrow is identified by its comparatively long bill, yellow lores, and whitish throat (which is bordered by dark moustache); variably streaked below, with underparts ranging from white to off-white or buffy. At least one form resembles Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Colonial; colonies are generally small and isolated from one another. Nest is placed in marsh grass, bulrushes, or other vegetation, generally up to about 14 feet above the ground/marsh surface. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, sedges, and rushes.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 3-5; 21 mm.; white to light greenish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 8-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 835,
"SPECIES_ID": 8978,
"CLO": 8980,
"SPEC_NAME": "Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Ammodramus caudacutus",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Formerly classified with the Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow, under the name Sharp-tailed Sparrow.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in salt marshes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends coastally from southern Maine south to North Carolina; generally winters along the coast from New York south to central Florida, more rarely on the eastern portions of the Gulf coast (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Gray central crown stripe and nape help separate this species from Le Conte's Sparrow; nape is not streaked. Note buffy outline surrounding grayish auricular patch. Most field guides have not been revised to reflect the split of the Sharp-tailed Sparrow into two new species: this species and Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in rushes, grasses, or sedges; on or near the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, bulrushes, sedges, and/or seaweeds.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 3-5; 19 mm.; greenish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 836,
"SPECIES_ID": 8979,
"CLO": 8981,
"SPEC_NAME": "Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Ammodramus nelsoni",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.2",
"SECRETS": "In the fall migration (Oct.-Nov.), this species can often be found in wet grassy or brushy fields; walk these fields looking for a buffy-faced sparrow with a weak flight.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in freshwater marshes and wet meadows; also frequents brackish and salt marshes along the coast (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northeastern British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, northern Alberta, central Saskatchewan, and northern Manitoba south to south-central Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, northeastern Montana, southern Manitoba, North Dakota, and northwestern and central Minnesota; with breeding also likely in South Dakota and Wisconsin. More isolated or disjunct populations occur near Hudson Bay and James Bay (northern Ontario and northwestern Quebec), along the St. Lawrence River (southern Quebec), and coastally from eastern Quebec, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia south to southern Maine. In the winter, this species is found in coastal marshes, generally from the mid-portions of the Atlantic coast south to southern Florida, and along the Gulf coast west to southern Texas and northeastern Mexico; also found in coastal California, where it is considered rare (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Gray central crown stripe and nape help separate this species from Le Conte's Sparrow; nape is not streaked. Note buffy wash to breast, sides, and face, especially in interior birds. Most field guides have not been revised to reflect the split of the Sharp-tailed Sparrow into two new species: this species and Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in rushes, grasses, or sedges; on or near the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, bulrushes, sedges, and/or seaweeds.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 3-5; 19 mm.; greenish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 837,
"SPECIES_ID": 8980,
"CLO": 8982,
"SPEC_NAME": "Le Conte's Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Ammodramus leconteii",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.4",
"SECRETS": "In the fall migration and during the winter, this species can often be found in grassy fields (especially foxtail and johnsongrass fields); walk these fields looking for a pale, streaked-back sparrow with a weak flight.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in wet meadows, and in moist grassy or shrubby areas at edges of marshes and bogs; during migration and winter, also frequents weedy or grassy fields, and cattails (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northeastern British Columbia and southern Mackenzie east across northern Alberta, northern Saskatchewan, and central Manitoba to west-central Quebec; and south to southern Alberta, northwestern and northeastern Montana, southern Saskatchewan, North Dakota, and the Great Lakes region. In the winter, can be found from eastern and southern Texas, the Gulf coast, and Florida north to west-central Kansas, southern Missouri, central Illinois, southern Indiana, western Tennessee, central Alabama, south-central Georgia, and South Carolina; considered rare in winter at the northern portions of its range (i.e., Kansas, Illinois, and Indiana); also rare at this time in eastern New Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: White central crown stripe, buffy eyebrow, buffy wash across breast, streaked back, reddish streaks on nape. Compare with Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on or near the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 18 mm.; grayish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 838,
"SPECIES_ID": 8981,
"CLO": 8983,
"SPEC_NAME": "Henslow's Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Ammodramus henslowii",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-8.8 ****",
"SECRETS": "The Henslow's Sparrow, like the Grasshopper Sparrow, may sing at night.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in grassy fields and meadows, usually with a weedy and/or shrubby component (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Atlantic coast, breeding range extends from northern New York, southern Quebec, and (at least casually) New England south to central and eastern North Carolina; and west to southern Ontario, northern Michigan, southeastern Minnesota, central Kansas, northeastern Oklahoma, and southwestern and central Missouri. Generally winters from Arkansas and southeastern Texas east through the coastal states to South Carolina and southern Florida; and sometimes further north (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Buffy breast. Breast and sides have darker streaking; note olive appearance to head, nape, and central stripe through crown; dull reddish or rufous wash on wings. Song is an easily overlooked 'Flee-sik'.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in loose colonies; if one grassy field has one or more pairs, check nearby fields for additional birds. Nests on or near the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses and forbs, and sometimes lined with animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5; 18 mm.; light greenish-white or cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 839,
"SPECIES_ID": 8982,
"CLO": 8984,
"SPEC_NAME": "Baird's Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Ammodramus bairdii",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.6",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in short-grass prairie habitats with small shrubs; during migration and winter, also frequents open grasslands and weedy fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, and southern Manitoba south to central and eastern Montana, northern South Dakota, and southeastern North Dakota. Migrates to southeastern Arizona and Mexico for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Face, nape, and central crown stripe are generally buffy in color; note black streaking on head and nape of neck. Two dark moustache marks on side of throat; dark streaking on breast suggests a necklace, and continue down sides to flanks.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses and weed stems, and lined with animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 19 mm.; white in color, with brown or lavender markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 8-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 840,
"SPECIES_ID": 8983,
"CLO": 8985,
"SPEC_NAME": "Grasshopper Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Ammodramus savannarum",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "Endangered in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "-3.6 ****",
"SECRETS": "The Grasshopper Sparrow, like the Henslow's Sparrow, may sing at night.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a variety of grassland habitats, including cultivated fields (e.g., alfalfa or hay fields).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from eastern Washington and southern interior British Columbia east across southern Canada/northern U.S. to New England; and south to southern California, central Nevada, northern Utah, eastern Colorado, eastern New Mexico, northern Texas, Arkansas, and northern and east-central Mississippi east to central North Carolina and southeastern Virginia. Disjunct populations also occur in central peninsular Florida, and from southeastern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and south-central Texas south into northern Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Generally buffy throughout, especially on head, breast, and upperparts. Note unstreaked breast and absence of whisker streaks on side of throat. Pale central stripe on crown is bordered by darker feathers. Compare song with vocalizations of Savannah Sparrow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in loose colonies; if one grassy field has one or more pairs, check nearby fields for additional birds. Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses and lined with small roots and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 19 mm.; cream-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 841,
"SPECIES_ID": 8987,
"CLO": 8989,
"SPEC_NAME": "American Tree Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Spizella arborea",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "During the fall migration and throughout the winter, may occur in large flocks; up to 1000 or more birds may be found by a single observer in one day in areas with many migrating or winter resident sparrows.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open willow, scrub, scrub conifers, and bogs (A.O.U. 1998); during migration and winter, also frequents weedy and brushy fields, hedgerows or fence rows, and dense grassy fields.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and northern Yukon east across northern Mackenzie, central interior Keewatin, and northern Quebec to Labrador; and south to south-central British Columbia, southeastern Yukon, southern Mackenzie, northern Alberta, northern Saskatchewan, and northern Manitoba east through northern Ontario and James Bay to central Quebec and northern Newfoundland. Generally winters from southern Canada south to eastern Oregon, northeastern California, central Nevada, northern and east-central Arizona, central New Mexico, and north-central Texas east to North Carolina; and sometimes further south (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Combination of gray throat and breast (with dark central stick-pin), reddish crown, two white wing bars, and pale lower mandible identify this sparrow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on or near the ground; sometimes in shrubs, generally up to about 5 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, small roots, plant stems, bark, and mosses; and lined with feathers, animal hair, and fur.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 3-5; 19 mm.; light blue or light greenish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 8-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 842,
"SPECIES_ID": 8988,
"CLO": 8990,
"SPEC_NAME": "Chipping Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Spizella passerina",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.2",
"SECRETS": "The song of the Chipping Sparrow bears resemblance to many other species, including Dark-eyed Junco, Worm-eating Warbler, and Pine Warbler, to name a few. Spend time learning the subtle variations to these songs.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open woodlands and along forest edge, in park-like situations, and in suburban areas; also frequents brushy and shrubby habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from east-central and southeastern Alaska and central Yukon east across central Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, and northern Ontario to southwestern Newfoundland; and south to northern Baja California, southwestern and east-central California, southern Nevada, central and southeastern Arizona (and south through Mexico to northern Central America); and to central and eastern Texas, the Gulf coast, and northwestern Florida. In the winter, Chipping Sparrows can be found from Central America and Mexico north to central California, southern Nevada, central Arizona, central New Mexico, and northern Texas and southern Oklahoma east to Virginia, and then north to southern New England (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In breeding plumage, combination of dark bill, reddish crown, black eye line, white eyebrow, and unstreaked breast identify this sparrow. Acquires a brown auricular patch and streaked brownish crown in the winter. Compare with Clay-colored Sparrow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 60 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, weed stems, and small roots; and lined with animal hair and fine grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 4; 18 mm.; light bluish-green in color, with brown, dark blue, and black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 843,
"SPECIES_ID": 8989,
"CLO": 8991,
"SPEC_NAME": "Clay-colored Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Spizella pallida",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.1 ****",
"SECRETS": "In the fall, Clay-colored Sparrows can sometimes be confused with Chipping Sparrow or even with Brewer's Sparrow; one should study the fall plumages of these species carefully to learn the differences between them.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in thickets and shrubby areas, and in dry pastures with scattered shrubs; during migration and winter, also frequents brushy and weedy fields, fence-rows, hedgerows, and arid scrub habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from west-central and southern Mackenzie, eastern British Columbia, and northwestern and central Saskatchewan to northern Manitoba and central and northeastern Ontario; and south to eastern Washington, southern Alberta, western Montana, northern and southeastern Wyoming, northwestern Iowa, southern Wisconsin, northern Illinois, central and southeastern Michigan, southern Ontario, and southwestern Quebec; and sometimes to western New York. In the winter, Clay-colored Sparrows can be found from northern Central America and southern Mexico north to southern Baja California, central Mexico, and central Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note brown auricular patch with darker borders; pale or whitish central crown stripe on an otherwise darker crown; and unstreaked breast. In adults, other field marks include dark moustache below a paler malar stripe, grayish coloration on nape and sides of neck, and whitish eyebrow. Immatures show some buffy wash on breast; compare with Chipping Sparrow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or on the ground, generally up to about 4.5 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, weed stems, twigs, and small roots; and lined with animal hair and fine grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 3-4; 17 mm.; light bluish-green in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly by female) and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 10-12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 8-9 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 844,
"SPECIES_ID": 8990,
"CLO": 8992,
"SPEC_NAME": "Brewer's Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Spizella breweri",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-3.7 ****",
"SECRETS": "The Brewer's Sparrow should be compared closely with the Clay-colored Sparrow; in the breeding season, the Brewer's song (with its variety of trills & buzzes) is much more complex than the insect-like buzzes of the Clay-colored Sparrow.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in sagebrush and other brushy habitats; during migration and winter, also frequents desert scrub and creosote bush habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Two subspecies are described. Breeding range for S. b. taverneri is mostly in British Columbia, but also includes southwestern Yukon and western Alberta. Breeding range for S. b. breweri extends from central southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, southwestern Saskatchewan, and southwestern North Dakota south (but primarily east of the Cascades and coast ranges) to eastern and southern California, southern Nevada, central Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, Colorado, southwestern Kansas, northwestern Nebraska, and southwestern South Dakota. In the winter, Brewer's Sparrows can be found from southern Baja California and Mexico north to southern interior California, southern Nevada, western and central Arizona, southern New Mexico, and western and central Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Streaked brownish crown, similar to Clay-colored Sparrow but without whitish central crown stripe. Also note white eye ring, pale eyebrow, brown auricular patch with darker borders, and dark moustache. Compare closely with Chipping and Clay-colored Sparrows.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs (sometimes in cactus), generally up to about 4 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, small roots, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4; 17 mm.; bluish-green in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation lasts approximately 11-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 8-9 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 845,
"SPECIES_ID": 8991,
"CLO": 8993,
"SPEC_NAME": "Field Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Spizella pusilla",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-3.3 ****",
"SECRETS": "Even the simple song of the Field Sparrow can exhibit noticeable differences in dialect as one moves to different parts of its breeding range; compare the songs of east coat birds with those in the mid-West, for example.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on brushy hillsides, in old fields and young second-growth habitats, and along forest edge and fence-rows (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Atlantic coast, breeding range extends from southern Maine south to north-central Florida; and west to southern Ontario, southeastern Saskatchewan, North Dakota, eastern Montana, northeastern Colorado, and central and southern Texas (includes the Gulf coast). Generally winters from Kansas east to southern Michigan, Pennsylvania, central New York, and Massachusetts; and south to southeastern New Mexico, northeastern Mexico, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note pink bill, white eye ring, reddish crown, and unstreaked breast. Wings show two white wing bars.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, but also in saplings or shrubs, generally up to about 3 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses and leaves, and lined with small roots and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 3-5; 18 mm.; cream, light green, or bluish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 7-8 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 846,
"SPECIES_ID": 8992,
"CLO": 8994,
"SPEC_NAME": "Worthen's Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Spizella wortheni",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "The Worthen's Sparrow is treated by some authorities as conspecific with (i.e., the same as) the Field Sparrow.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in arid montane scrub, yucca-juniper grasslands, and in mesquite-juniper habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico; considered to be accidental in New Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Field Sparrow. Note pink bill, white eye ring, reddish crown (but with gray forehead), and unstreaked breast. Wing bars on wing are not as distinct as in Field Sparrow, and are more buffy in color.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 847,
"SPECIES_ID": 8993,
"CLO": 8995,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-chinned Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Spizella atrogularis",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-6.2 ***",
"SECRETS": "Although the breeding ranges of the Black-chinned and Field Sparrows do not overlap, their songs show a surprising similarity to one another.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in sagebrush and chaparral habitats; also frequents arid scrub and brushy hillsides (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from north-central California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, central Arizona, central New Mexico, and western Texas south to northern Baja California and Mexico; generally winters from southern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and western Texas south into Mexico and to southern Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Junco-like in appearance. Mostly gray in color, with brown or reddish brown back and wings; note dark streaks on back, pink bill, and black chin.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs, generally up to about 4 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses and weed stems, and lined with plant fibers, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 2-4; 18 mm.; light blue in color, sometimes with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 848,
"SPECIES_ID": 8994,
"CLO": 8996,
"SPEC_NAME": "Vesper Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Pooecetes gramineus",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.8 ****",
"SECRETS": "Oftentimes, when flushed, Vesper Sparrows will fly to a nearby tree or tall shrub to cautiously watch over the approaching observer(s).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in grassy fields, weedy pastures, sagebrush and arid scrub habitats, and along woodland clearings (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central British Columbia and southern Mackenzie east across northern Alberta, northwestern and central Saskatchewan, and north-central Manitoba to south-central Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia; and south to western Oregon, northern and eastern California, central Nevada, southwestern Utah, northern and east-central Arizona, south-central New Mexico, Colorado, Missouri, eastern Tennessee, and North Carolina. Breeding birds are more locally distributed in the southeast portion of breeding range. In the winter, Vesper Sparrows are found from Mexico and southern Baja California north to central California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, and southern Arizona east to western and north-central Texas, southern Oklahoma, West Virginia, southern Pennsylvania, and Connecticut; its occurrence at some portions of the northern edge of this winter distribution is somewhat rare (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: White outer tail feathers, streaked underparts, white eye ring, rufous patch at bend of wing. Note brownish auricular patch, bordered at lower and rear edges with white. The songs of the Vesper and Song Sparrows are often confused; listen for the 2-note introduction before the trill(s) in the Vesper Sparrow; Song Sparrows typically have a 3-note introduction.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, small roots, and other vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 3-4; 21 mm.; cream-white or light greenish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs (however, mostly be female) and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 849,
"SPECIES_ID": 8995,
"CLO": 8997,
"SPEC_NAME": "Lark Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Chondestes grammacus",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-3.2 ****",
"SECRETS": "Lark Sparrows have declined in many parts of the eastern U.S.; they become more common as one moves west.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in orchards, cultivated areas, prairies, savanna, and in other types of open habitats with scattered trees or shrubs (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Pacific coast, breeding range extends from southern interior British Columbia, eastern Washington, and western Oregon south to southern California, northern Baja California, and Mexico; and east to southern Manitoba, western Wisconsin, central Ontario, Ohio, western Virginia, south-central North Carolina, central Alabama, Louisiana, and southern and eastern Texas. Generally winters from northern California, southern Arizona, north-central and eastern Texas, and the Gulf coast south to southern Baja California and into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: White-and-black tail pattern, central stick-pin on otherwise unstreaked breast, and boldly marked head make this sparrow easy to identify.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, sometimes in shrubs, generally up to about 30 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, weed stems, and twigs, and lined with small roots.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 20 mm.; cream-white or grayish-white in color, with black or dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 850,
"SPECIES_ID": 8996,
"CLO": 8998,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-throated Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Amphispiza bilineata",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-3.9 ****",
"SECRETS": "If you find one Black-throated Sparrow, be advised that there are often more close by, hidden in the desert scrub and bushes; with patience, more birds will often come into view.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in desert scrub, mesquite, and juniper habitats; during migration and winter, may also frequent grassy or weedy fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Mexico and southern Baja California north (through eastern California) to eastern Washington, south-central and southeastern Oregon, southwestern Idaho, western and southern Colorado, extreme western Oklahoma, and north-central Texas. Withdraws from northern portions of its range during the winter, when it may be found north to southeastern California, southern Nevada, central and southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and central and southern Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Extensive black coloration on throat and breast; also note white moustache, black on face, and white eyebrow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs, sometimes in cactus, generally up to about 2 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses and weed stems, and lined with animal hair and plant fibers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3-4; 17 mm.; white or light blue in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 851,
"SPECIES_ID": 8997,
"CLO": 8999,
"SPEC_NAME": "Sage Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Amphispiza belli",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "Threatened in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "0.3",
"SECRETS": "Song is complex and may take time to learn; it may sound as if the bird is saying, 'We'll-see, if-you-do, then-if-you-don't', with brief pauses at each of the indicated commas.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in sagebrush, chaparral, and salt-bush desert scrub habitats; during migration and winter, may also frequent grasslands and more open types of habitats with scattered brush (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central interior Washington, eastern Oregon, southern Idaho, southeastern Wyoming, and northwestern Colorado south to California and central Baja California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, northeastern Arizona, and northwestern New Mexico. Withdraws from northern portions of its range in the winter, when it may be found in western California and Baja California (where it is resident), and from southern California, central Nevada, southwestern Utah, northern Arizona, and central New Mexico south into Mexico and to western Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Gray head, small white eyebrow or lores, central stick-pin, streaking on sides, white malar stripe, and dark moustache help to identify this species.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs, sometimes on the ground, generally up to about 4 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, bark shreds, and grasses; and lined with weed stalks, wool, seeds, feathers, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 2-4; 19 mm.; light blue to bluish-white in color, with brown and black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Incubation lasts approximately 13-16 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-11 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 852,
"SPECIES_ID": 9004,
"CLO": 9006,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bachman's Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Aimophila aestivalis",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.4",
"SECRETS": "The song of the Bachman's Sparrow is arguably one of the prettiest ones that can be heard in North America; vaguely suggests Hermit Thrush or Eastern Towhee.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open pine woods, usually with scattered shrubs and a grassy ground layer; also on brushy or overgrown hillsides, or in overgrown fields with thickets or brambles (A.O.U. 1998); may also frequent regenerating clear-cut areas that have been replanted to pine and have a grassy ground layer.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeds in the southeastern U.S., from eastern Texas, the Gulf coast, and south-central Florida north to south-central Missouri, central and northeastern Illinois, central Indiana, central Ohio, southwestern Pennsylvania, and central Maryland (A.O.U. 1998). Declining in some areas, and now rare or absent from some portions along the northern edge of its range.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Upperparts are generally gray, with extensive reddish-brown streaking; note rounded tail, reddish eye line (which extends back from the eye only), and unstreaked buffy or grayish breast and sides.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure (but sometimes domed with grass) built from grasses and weed stems, and lined with corn silk and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5; 19 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10-11 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 853,
"SPECIES_ID": 9005,
"CLO": 9007,
"SPEC_NAME": "Botteri's Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Aimophila botterii",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in grasslands, pine forests, and lowland pine savanna with scattered bushes and trees; also in brushy scrub habitats (A.O.U. 1998; Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southeastern Arizona and southern coastal Texas south into Mexico, and locally in Central America; probably also breeds in extreme southwestern New Mexico. Withdraws from the northern portions of its range in the winter, when it is found in northern Mexico south through the remainder of its range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Whitish belly, pale buff or dull white breast and sides (unstreaked), streaked brownish-gray upperparts (sometimes with a tinge of rufous); pale buff eyebrow, and narrow, dark eye line.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5; 20 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 854,
"SPECIES_ID": 9006,
"CLO": 9008,
"SPEC_NAME": "Cassin's Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Aimophila cassinii",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.5 ****",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in grasslands, weedy fields, and arid lowland scrub habitats (A.O.U. 1998; Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Mexico north to southeastern Arizona, most of New Mexico, central and northeastern Colorado, central eastern Wyoming, southwestern Nebraska, west-central Kansas, west-central Oklahoma, and central and southern Texas. Withdraws from the northern portion of its range in the winter, when it can be found from southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and south-central Texas south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Long, rounded tail, with barring on central tail feathers (visible at close range); pale eye ring. Breast and belly are pale buff or whitish in color, with some streaking on flanks. Note streaked grayish-brown upperparts. Side of face is gray, with dark borders at lower and rear end of indistinct auricular patch.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, but sometimes in shrubs, generally up to about 1 foot above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses and weed stems, and lined with small roots and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 19 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 855,
"SPECIES_ID": 9007,
"CLO": 9009,
"SPEC_NAME": "Rufous-winged Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Aimophila carpalis",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in arid lowland scrub habitats, often in grassy areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident from south-central Arizona south into western Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Rounded tail, whitish belly, grayish breast. Side of face is gray, with reddish eye line and dark border at lower edge of indistinct auricular patch. Black moustache. Note rufous patch at bend of wing; crown is streaked with rufous.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs, generally up to about 5-10 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from plant stems, twigs, bark, grasses, and leaf parts; and lined with fine grasses and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 4; 19 mm.; light bluish-white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Young are capable of flight when they are about 8-9 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 856,
"SPECIES_ID": 9008,
"CLO": 9010,
"SPEC_NAME": "Rufous-crowned Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Aimophila ruficeps",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.5",
"SECRETS": "You will at least once incorrectly identify the song of this species as that of the House Wren; compare the songs of these two species closely to learn their differences.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found on grassy or weedy hillsides, with scattered scrub or brush; usually in arid situations; also frequents arid scrub habitats and pine-oak associations in Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends from Mexico and southern Baja California north to central California, southwestern Utah, northwestern and central Arizona, central and northeastern New Mexico, southeastern Colorado, western Oklahoma, north-central and western Texas, and west-central Arkansas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Rounded tail, unstreaked gray breast, rufous crown, reddish eye line, pale eye ring, and conspicuous black moustache.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on or near the ground, but sometimes in shrubs, generally up to about 3 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, bark strips, and grasses; and lined with animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 3-4; 20 mm.; white to light bluish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 857,
"SPECIES_ID": 9011,
"CLO": 9013,
"SPEC_NAME": "Five-striped Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Aimophila quinquestriata",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in arid montane scrub habitats; also frequents open grassy areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northern Mexico north to southeastern Arizona, where it has a localized distribution; withdraws form Arizona portion of range in the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Sage Sparrow, but with gray breast, and brownish head and upperparts; note central stick-pin, black-bordered white throat, white malar stripe, and white eyebrow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or grassy clumps, generally up to about 4-5 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses and lined with animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4; 20 mm.; dull white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 858,
"SPECIES_ID": 9014,
"CLO": 9016,
"SPEC_NAME": "Green-tailed Towhee",
"LATINNAME": "Pipilo chlorurus",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.1",
"SECRETS": "Although it has a loud, whistled song, the Green-tailed Towhee is often a shy bird; it almost seems that as soon as these birds know you are looking for them, they seek cover in dense thickets or shrubs.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in chaparral and riparian scrub habitats; also frequents brushy hillsides (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southwestern and central Oregon, southeastern Washington, southern Idaho, southwestern and south-central Montana, northwestern and southeastern Wyoming, and north-central Colorado south to southern California (via the interior mountains) and northern Baja California, southern Nevada, central Arizona, southern New Mexico, and western Texas. During the winter, this species generally occurs from the southern portions of the southwestern U.S. south to southern Baja California and into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Gray face and forehead, rufous crown, black-bordered white throat, white malar stripe, olive upperparts and tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or on the ground, generally up to about 2 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, grasses, and bark; and lined with plant stems, small roots, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 3-4; 22 mm.; white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 859,
"SPECIES_ID": 9016,
"CLO": 9018,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eastern Towhee",
"LATINNAME": "Pipilo erythrophthalmus",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.2 ****",
"SECRETS": "Up for a challenge? Try to find any two Eastern Towhees who sing the EXACT same rendition of the 'Drink-your-tea' song; sometimes you'll hear 'Your-tea-drink' or 'Tea, Your-drink'; other variations also exist!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in brushy areas and in dense second-growth habitats; also frequents undergrowth in open woodlands and forest edge habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Atlantic coast, breeding range extends from New England south to southern Florida; and west to southeastern Saskatchewan, North Dakota, northeastern Colorado, western Iowa, southeastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, eastern Oklahoma, and extreme northeastern Texas (includes the Gulf coast). Winter distribution extends from eastern Colorado, southeastern Nebraska, Iowa, the southern Great Lakes region, southern New York, and Massachusetts south to southern Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note red eye, black head and upperparts, white corners to tail, white wing patches, and rufous sides; females are brown where male is black.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, but also in shrubs, generally up to about 5 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from bark shreds, grasses, small roots, twigs, and leaves; and lined with grasses and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 3-4; 24 mm.; gray, cream-white, or greenish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 860,
"SPECIES_ID": 9017,
"CLO": 9019,
"SPEC_NAME": "Spotted Towhee",
"LATINNAME": "Pipilo maculatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.8 **",
"SECRETS": "Formerly classified with the Eastern Towhee as the Rufous-sided Towhee; now recognized as a valid, separate species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open woodland, chaparral, scrub-oak habitats, and riparian thickets (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Pacific coast, breeding range extends from southern British Columbia south to northwestern Baja California (also occurs in the mountains of southern Baja California), Mexico, and northern Central America; and east to southern Saskatchewan, the central Dakotas, central Nebraska, eastern Colorado, eastern New Mexico, and extreme western Texas. In the winter, the range of the Spotted Towhee extends from southern British Columbia, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Nebraska, and Iowa south through the remainder of the breeding range and east to central Oklahoma and south-central Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Male is like Eastern Towhee, but with white spots on upperparts; female is duller, but not brown as in females of Eastern Towhees.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground, but also in shrubs, generally up to about 5 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from bark shreds, grasses, small roots, twigs, and leaves; and lined with grasses and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 3-4; 24 mm.; gray, cream-white, or greenish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 861,
"SPECIES_ID": 9019,
"CLO": 9021,
"SPEC_NAME": "California Towhee",
"LATINNAME": "Pipilo crissalis",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "Threatened in a portion of its range",
"BBS": "0.1",
"SECRETS": "Although this is a common bird in much of its range, a form known as the Inyo California Towhee is listed as Threatened.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in brushy areas and riparian thickets, and in chaparral habitats; also frequents suburban and residential areas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends from southwestern Oregon south (generally west of the Sierra Nevada range) through California to southern Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This brownish bird has rufous undertail coverts, grayish-buff underparts, and a necklace of brown marks on throat. Note brown crown; compare with Canyon Towhee.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, generally up to about 3-12 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a bulky, cup-shaped structure built from twigs, grasses, and plant stems; and lined with bark strips, leaves, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 3-4; 25 mm.; light blue or light green in color, with black and dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 8 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 862,
"SPECIES_ID": 9020,
"CLO": 9022,
"SPEC_NAME": "Canyon Towhee",
"LATINNAME": "Pipilo fuscus",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.3 ***",
"SECRETS": "If you have an old field guide, you may only find the Brown Towhee described; be advised that that species was split into the Canyon Towhee and the California Towhee.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in brushlands, mesquite, and arid scrub habitats; also frequents riparian thickets and places of human habitation (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends from Mexico north to northern Arizona, central and northeastern New Mexico, southeastern Colorado, extreme northwestern Oklahoma, and western and central Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This brownish bird has rufous undertail coverts, pale buff underparts, and a necklace of brown marks on throat. Note rufous crown and central stick-pin; compare with California Towhee.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, generally up to about 3-12 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a bulky, cup-shaped structure built from twigs, grasses, and plant stems; and lined with bark strips, leaves, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 3-4; 25 mm.; light blue or light green in color, with black and dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 8 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 863,
"SPECIES_ID": 9021,
"CLO": 9023,
"SPEC_NAME": "Abert's Towhee",
"LATINNAME": "Pipilo aberti",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "3.2 **",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in riparian thickets and arid lowland scrub habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends from southeastern California, extreme southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, central and southern Arizona, and southwestern New Mexico south to northeastern Baja California and extreme northwestern Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: This brownish towhee has buffy underparts and black on the face.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, generally up to about 30 feet above the ground. Nest is a bulky, cup-shaped structure built from weed stems, bark strips, and leaves; and lined with grasses and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 3-4; 24 mm.; light blue or creamy-white in color, with black and dark brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Young are capable of flight when they are about 12-13 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 864,
"SPECIES_ID": 9031,
"CLO": 9033,
"SPEC_NAME": "Olive Sparrow",
"LATINNAME": "Arremonops rufivirgatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.8 *",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous forests and in arid lowland scrub habitats; also frequents riparian thickets (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends from Central America and Mexico north to at least southern Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Pale olive upperparts; note two brownish stripes on crown. Breast is buffy and belly is whitish.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs, sometimes in cactus, generally up to about 2-5 feet above the ground. Nest is a dome-shaped structure built from straw, weed stems, twigs, bark, and leaves; and lined with animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 4-5; 22 mm.; white.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 865,
"SPECIES_ID": 9070,
"CLO": 9072,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bananaquit",
"LATINNAME": "Coereba flaveola",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in tropical forests, second-growth scrub habitats, and arid lowland scrub; also frequents plantations (A.O.U. 1998; Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico, the West Indies, Central America, and South America; considered to be an irregular visitor to southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note decurved bill, black upperparts, yellow rump, white underparts with yellow band across breast, white wing patch, and white eyebrow.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 866,
"SPECIES_ID": 9165,
"CLO": 9167,
"SPEC_NAME": "Flame-colored Tanager",
"LATINNAME": "Piranga bidentata",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in oak, pine-oak, and evergreen forests, and along forest edge; also frequents plantations (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico and Central America; considered to be a casual visitor to Arizona, where it also breeds on rare occasions (in southeastern Arizona) (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Males are reddish-orange or bright orange; females yellow; note bold white wing bars, white spots in tertial feathers, and white in corners of tail.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds on rare occasions in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 867,
"SPECIES_ID": 9166,
"CLO": 9168,
"SPEC_NAME": "Hepatic Tanager",
"LATINNAME": "Piranga flava",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "6.4 ***",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pine and pine-oak woodlands; also frequents oak scrub and lowland pine savanna habitats (A.O.U. 1998; Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from South America, Central America, and Mexico north to southeastern California, northwestern and central Arizona, southeastern Colorado, northern New Mexico, and western Texas. Withdraws from northern portions of range in the winter, when it is generally found from northern Mexico south through remainder of breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Males are red; females generally yellow, with olive-gray upperparts. Distinguished from other North American tanagers by grayish auricular patch.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 15-50 feet above the ground. Nest is a saucer-shaped structure built from grasses, weed stems, and other vegetation; and lined with finer grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 24 mm.; blue or green in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 868,
"SPECIES_ID": 9167,
"CLO": 9169,
"SPEC_NAME": "Summer Tanager",
"LATINNAME": "Piranga rubra",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.2",
"SECRETS": "Sometimes birders call this the hiccup bird, in reference to its distinctive call note: 'pi-tuk' or 'pik-i-tuk-i-tuk'.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous, pine, and pine-oak woodlands; also frequents swamps and riparian (cottonwood) woodlands; during migration and winter, can be found in a wider diversity of wooded habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northeastern Baja California, Mexico, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida north to southeastern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, central Arizona, central New Mexico, central Texas, west-central Oklahoma, eastern Kansas, southeastern Nebraska, and central Illinois east to eastern Maryland and New Jersey. Generally winters from southern Baja California and Mexico south through Central America to South America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Male is told from Scarlet Tanager by all-red plumage; note olive upperparts and yellowish underparts of female, which also lacks dark wings of female Scarlet Tanager. Song is similar to that of Scarlet Tanager, but not as hoarse; and, of course, it closely resembles that of American Robin.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 10-35 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from weed stems, leaves, grasses, moss, and bark; and lined with finer grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 23 mm.; light blue or light green in color, with brown or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 869,
"SPECIES_ID": 9169,
"CLO": 9171,
"SPEC_NAME": "Scarlet Tanager",
"LATINNAME": "Piranga olivacea",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.1",
"SECRETS": "A good way to learn bird songs is to learn the common ones first, then compare others to those common ones. Once you learn the American Robin's song, you could say that the Scarlet Tanager is similar, except it gives 4-5 hoarse phases.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in mature deciduous forests, sometimes in mixed deciduous-coniferous forests; during migration and winter, it frequents a wider diversity of wooded habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Atlantic coast, breeding range extends from Nova Scotia south to Virginia, western North Carolina, and northwestern South Carolina; and west to southern Manitoba, central North Dakota, central Nebraska, eastern Kansas, north-central and southeastern Oklahoma, and northwestern and north-central Arkansas. Migrates to southern Central America and South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Red plumage of male contrasts with black wings Female has greenish upperparts and yellowish underparts; note the dark brown or blackish wings.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 4-75 feet above the ground. Nest is a saucer-shaped structure built from twigs, small roots, grass, and weed stems; and lined with finer grasses and pine needles.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 4; 23 mm.; light blue or light green in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-11 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 870,
"SPECIES_ID": 9170,
"CLO": 9172,
"SPEC_NAME": "Western Tanager",
"LATINNAME": "Piranga ludoviciana",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.1",
"SECRETS": "Song is similar to Scarlet Tanager; also listen for its 'prit-er-ick' call note, which differs from Summer Tanager's call note.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous woodlands, and forested aspen stands; during migration and winter, it frequents a wider diversity of wooded habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Pacific coast, breeding range extends from northern British Columbia south to northern Baja California; and east to southern Mackenzie, northern Alberta, central Saskatchewan, western South Dakota, northwestern Nebraska, and western Texas. Generally winters from coastal southern California and Baja California south into Mexico and Central America; is a casual visitor to the Gulf coast and southern Florida in the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Breeding male is unmistakable; note dull olive back and yellowish underparts on female. Both sexes have white and yellow wing bars. Because this species has wing bars, one should spend time comparing these birds (especially females) to orioles.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 6-65 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, small roots, grass, and moss; and lined with plant down and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 3; 23 mm.; light blue in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 13-15 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 871,
"SPECIES_ID": 9184,
"CLO": 9186,
"SPEC_NAME": "Stripe-headed Tanager",
"LATINNAME": "Spindalis zena",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in scrubby, second-growth forest habitats; also frequents evergreen forests (A.O.U. 1998; Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to the West Indies and Cozumel Island; considered to be a rare visitor to southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Thick bill. Male's head is black, with white malar stripe and white eyebrow; note dark chestnut nape and rump, white in wings, and paler belly. Female is generally olive-gray, with paler underparts; also shows white markings in wing.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 872,
"SPECIES_ID": 9404,
"CLO": 9406,
"SPEC_NAME": "White-collared Seedeater",
"LATINNAME": "Sporophila torqueola",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in lowland, montane, and second-growth scrubby habitats; also frequents weedy fields and riparian thickets (A.O.U. 1998; Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends from southern Texas and Mexico south to Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Small size; small, decurved upper mandible. Note buffy underparts. Male has white at bend of wing, a white wing bar, and a white wing patch; also note dark crown, partial buffy collar, pale crescent below eye, and buffy-brown back. Female is duller, markings in wing are more buffy and not as conspicuous.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs, weeds, or vines, generally up to about 5-6 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from small roots, plant fibers, and grass; and lined with animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-3, usually 2; light blue to gray in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs. Incubation lasts approximately 13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10-11 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 873,
"SPECIES_ID": 9444,
"CLO": 9446,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow-faced Grassquit",
"LATINNAME": "Tiaris olivacea",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in second-growth and arid lowland scrub habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico, Central America, and South America; considered to be accidental in southern Texas and southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Upperparts of male are greenish-olive; note black coloration on face and chest; eyebrow, crescent below eye, and throat are yellow. Female is generally olive in color, with buffy eyebrow, eye crescent, and throat.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 874,
"SPECIES_ID": 9445,
"CLO": 9447,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-faced Grassquit",
"LATINNAME": "Tiaris bicolor",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in second-growth and arid lowland scrub habitats; also frequents tropical deciduous and evergreen forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to the West Indies and northern South America; considered to be a casual visitor to southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Small size, short conical bill. Males are mostly black, with dark greenish back. Females are plain gray or olive-brown in color, paler below.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 875,
"SPECIES_ID": 9485,
"CLO": 9487,
"SPEC_NAME": "Dickcissel",
"LATINNAME": "Spiza americana",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.6 ****",
"SECRETS": "An early fall migrant: singing ends by mid August; by early-mid September, most birds have apparently departed for the wintering grounds. However, there are a substantial number of North American winter records.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a variety of grassy and weedy fields, in agricultural (grain and hay) fields, and along roadsides.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from eastern Montana, southern Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, the Great Lakes region, and central New York south to northeastern Wyoming, eastern Colorado, northeastern New Mexico, western and southern Texas, southern Louisiana, central Mississippi, central Alabama, central and southeastern Georgia, and South Carolina. Migrates to Mexico, Central America, and South America for the winter, when it may also be found in small numbers within the coastal lowlands from New England south to Florida and west to southern Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Yellowish eyebrow, reddish wing coverts, yellow breast; males have black bib. Song, an iteration of its name, is easily learned.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in forbs, or shrubs, sometimes in trees, generally up to about 14 feet above the ground. Nest is a bulky, cup-shaped structure built from weed stems, grasses, and leaves; and lined with small roots, finer grasses, and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 4; 21 mm.; light blue in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 876,
"SPECIES_ID": 9486,
"CLO": 9488,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow Grosbeak",
"LATINNAME": "Pheucticus chrysopeplus",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous forests and in a variety of forest edge habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico and northern Central America; considered to be a casual visitor to central and southeastern Arizona (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note large, dark bill. Males are bright yellow, with dark tail and wings that have white spots and patches. Females are similar, but have a duller, yellowish color.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 877,
"SPECIES_ID": 9490,
"CLO": 9492,
"SPEC_NAME": "Rose-breasted Grosbeak",
"LATINNAME": "Pheucticus ludovicianus",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.5",
"SECRETS": "Like some tanagers, the song of the Rose-breasted Grosbeak is suggestive of the song of an American Robin; listen for the rich, sweet, whistled notes and the tendency for this bird to inject a wolf whistle into the middle of the song.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open deciduous forests, along forest edge, and in tall second-growth habitats; during migration and winter, frequents a wider variety of wooded habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northeastern British Columbia and southwestern and south-central Mackenzie east across northern Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, and central Ontario to New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland; and south to central and southeastern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, north-central North Dakota, eastern South Dakota, central Nebraska, central Kansas, eastern Oklahoma, and southern Missouri east to eastern Tennessee, northern Georgia, western North Carolina, western Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware. Migrates to Mexico, Central America, and South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Breeding male has pale-colored bill. Note black upperparts, with white markings in wing and white rump; underparts show black throat, white breast and belly with rose-colored patch on center of breast. Females are streaked below; note broad whitish eyebrow, and buff-white stripe through center of crown; wing linings are orange-yellow (compare with female Black-headed Grosbeak). Listen for the sharp, high-pitched 'eek' call note, especially in the fall as this may be the first signal that Rose-breasted Grosbeaks are nearby.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to about 5-50 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs and straw; and lined with grasses and small roots.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 25 mm.; green to blue in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 878,
"SPECIES_ID": 9491,
"CLO": 9493,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-headed Grosbeak",
"LATINNAME": "Pheucticus melanocephalus",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.7",
"SECRETS": "The song of this species is surprisingly similar to that of the Rose-breasted Grosbeak.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous, riparian, and pine-oak forests and woodlands; also frequents oak scrub habitats and pinyon-juniper woodlands; during migration and winter, frequents a wider variety of wooded habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Pacific coast, breeding range extends from coastal southern British Columbia to northern Baja California; and east to southwestern Saskatchewan, central North Dakota, western South Dakota, central Nebraska, central Kansas, eastern New Mexico, and western Texas. Generally winters in southern Baja California, southeastern Texas, and Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Combination of black and cinnamon-orange colors on male are distinctive; note black wings with white markings, which are often flashed in flight. Females are generally buffier below than in Rose-breasted Grosbeak and have finer streaking on underparts; note striped head pattern and lemon-yellow wing linings. Listen for the sharp, 'eek' call note, which is slightly lower in pitch than the similar call note of the Rose-breasted Grosbeak.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to about 4-25 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from small roots, twigs, and other vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 3-4; 25 mm.; bluish-white or greenish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 11-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 879,
"SPECIES_ID": 9492,
"CLO": 9494,
"SPEC_NAME": "Northern Cardinal",
"LATINNAME": "Cardinalis cardinalis",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "0.0",
"SECRETS": "One of the most treasured of all North American birds: it is chosen more often (7 times) than any other species as a state bird in the U.S. (states are: WV, VI, OH, NC, KY, IN, and IL).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in thickets, hedgerows, brushy areas, woodlands with dense undergrowth, along forest edge, and in suburban and residential areas; in drier areas of its range, also frequents scrub and riparian woodland habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Atlantic coast, resident breeding range extends from southern Nova Scotia south to southern Florida; and west to southern Ontario, southeastern Manitoba, southeastern South Dakota, west-central Nebraska, western Kansas, northeastern Colorado, southern New Mexico (and south into Mexico), central and southeastern Arizona, southeastern California, and central and southern Baja California (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Male's bright red plumage, crest, and black face are instantly recognized. Female is duller, with pinkish bill, and red in tail, crest, and wings; otherwise, plumage is mostly buffy-brown or buffy-olive. Upper mandible is not as strongly decurved as in Pyrrhuloxia.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or small trees, generally up to about 15 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from weed stems, twigs, bark strips, grasses, small roots, and leaves; and lined with fine grass and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 3-4; 25 mm.; grayish-white, buffy-white, or greenish-white in color, with brown, gray, or purple markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 880,
"SPECIES_ID": 9494,
"CLO": 9496,
"SPEC_NAME": "Pyrrhuloxia",
"LATINNAME": "Cardinalis sinuatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.2",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in lowland and montane scrub, usually in dry situations; also frequents riparian thickets (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is resident in central and southern Baja California; it also is resident from Mexico north to southern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and western and south-central Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Female is grayer overall than female Northern Cardinal; has yellow or horn-colored bill. Male also has a base color of gray, with red on face, top of crest, in tail, and on underparts; bill color is orangish-yellow. Both sexes exhibit noticeably decurved upper mandible, further distinguishing them from Northern Cardinals.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs, generally up to about 5-15 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, bark, and grasses; and lined with small roots and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 2-3; 24 mm.; grayish-white or greenish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 881,
"SPECIES_ID": 9498,
"CLO": 9500,
"SPEC_NAME": "Crimson-collared Grosbeak",
"LATINNAME": "Rhodothraupis celaeno",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in brushy woodlands, along woodland edge, and in second-growth habitats (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico; considered to be a casual visitor to southern Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Crimson and black colors on male help to identify this species; note black in face, and on wings and tail. Female has black face, forehead, and throat; and is otherwise olive or olive-yellow in color.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 882,
"SPECIES_ID": 9518,
"CLO": 9520,
"SPEC_NAME": "Blue Bunting",
"LATINNAME": "Cyanocompsa parellina",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in scrubby thickets; also frequents brushy forests or woodlands, and woodland edge habitats (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico and Central America; considered to be a casual visitor to Texas and Louisiana (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Male is dark blue, with blackish-blue lores, face, and breast; this contrast helps distinguish it from Indigo Bunting. Female is plain cinnamon- or orangish-brown overall. Note lack of wing bars (compare with Blue Grosbeak).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 883,
"SPECIES_ID": 9520,
"CLO": 9522,
"SPEC_NAME": "Blue Grosbeak",
"LATINNAME": "Guiraca caerulea",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.2 ****",
"SECRETS": "Call note is a sharp, crisp 'chink'; song has a warbling quality, often compared to a Purple or House Finch, but it is slower and more deliberate.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in brushy and weedy fields, riparian thickets, and in young second-growth habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northern Baja California, Mexico and Central America, the Gulf coast, and central Florida north to northern California, western and southern Nevada, southern Idaho, south-central North Dakota, southwestern Minnesota, and central and northeastern Illinois east to southern Pennsylvania. Generally found in southern Baja California, Mexico, and Central America during the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Male is entirely blue with black on face, especially on lores and chin; females are brownish, with touch of blue on rump. Note reddish-brown wing bars (in both sexes). Compare with Indigo Bunting, which lacks wing bars and has a smaller bill. When perched, the Blue Grosbeak intermittently spread its tail and pumps it up and down in a characteristic sideways motion.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, generally up to about 15 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, small roots, leaves, and even paper and snake skin; and lined with small roots and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5, usually 4; 22 mm.; light blue in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 884,
"SPECIES_ID": 9521,
"CLO": 9523,
"SPEC_NAME": "Lazuli Bunting",
"LATINNAME": "Passerina amoena",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.2 *",
"SECRETS": "The song of the Lazuli Bunting is surprisingly similar to that of the Indigo Bunting; in fact, they are known to hybridize and, at times, have been considered representatives of the same species (i.e., conspecific).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in chaparral and brushy areas, scrub oak, riparian thickets, and open woodlands; also frequents open grassy and weedy areas during migration and winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Pacific coast, breeding range extends from south-central British Columbia south to northwestern Baja California; and east to southern Saskatchewan, central North Dakota, northeastern South Dakota, western Nebraska, western Kansas, western Oklahoma, central New Mexico, and central Arizona. Migrates to southern Arizona and Mexico for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Similar to Indigo Bunting, but with white belly, white wing bars, and orangish-brown breast band (which extends to sides and flanks). Female: grayish-brown above, buffy below, without streaking on underparts (compare with Indigo Bunting female).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs, generally up to about 10 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses; and lined animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 19 mm.; light bluish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 885,
"SPECIES_ID": 9522,
"CLO": 9524,
"SPEC_NAME": "Indigo Bunting",
"LATINNAME": "Passerina cyanea",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.7 ****",
"SECRETS": "Listen for the paired-note quality to the Indigo Bunting's song; in many areas of the eastern U.S., breeding bird surveys show this to be one of the most abundant birds in the summer season.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along forest and woodland edge, and in riparian woodlands, open woodlands, second-growth habitats, shrubby areas, and in scrub habitats; during migration and winter, also frequents a variety of open and semi-open situations, including weedy fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Atlantic coast, breeding range extends from Nova Scotia south to central Florida; and west to southeastern British Columbia, Montana, eastern Colorado, southern New Mexico, and Texas (includes the Gulf coast); occasionally found breeding in Utah, Arizona, and California. Migrates to Mexico, central America, and South America for the winter, when it may occasionally also be found along the Gulf coast, and in southern Texas or Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Overall, male is a rich, deep blue color; lacks white wing bars of the Lazuli Bunting. Female is brown above and has buffy-gray underparts which are faintly streaked (compare with Lazuli Bunting female).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, generally up to about 15 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, leaves, snakeskin, bark strips, moss, and weed stems; and lined with feathers, small roots, animal hair, cotton, and wool.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 3-4; 19 mm.; bluish-white in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-10 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 886,
"SPECIES_ID": 9523,
"CLO": 9525,
"SPEC_NAME": "Varied Bunting",
"LATINNAME": "Passerina versicolor",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in lowland and montane scrub habitats, usually in arid situations; also frequents riparian thickets (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident in southern Baja California; also breeds from northern Central America and Mexico north to south-central and southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and western and southern Texas. Withdraws from the northern portions of its range in the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Male has limited amount of black at base of bill; note red nape and purplish-blue back and underparts. Female is uniformly dark brownish-gray, with no streaking on underparts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, generally up to about 10 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, plant stems, cotton, snakeskin, and paper; and lined with small roots and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 3-4; 18 mm.; light blue in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 887,
"SPECIES_ID": 9524,
"CLO": 9526,
"SPEC_NAME": "Painted Bunting",
"LATINNAME": "Passerina ciris",
"FAMILY_ID": "EMBE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-3.1 ****",
"SECRETS": "It has been hypothesized at least once that the western and eastern breeding populations of the Painted Bunting may represent two separate species (A.O.U. 1998).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in riparian thickets, weedy and shrubby habitats, and in semi-open areas with dense brush and scattered trees; during migration and winter, frequents a variety of open and semi-open situations (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from west-central Kansas, southern Missouri, and southwestern Tennessee south to northern Texas, southeastern New Mexico, northern Mexico, southern Texas, southern Louisiana, and east along the Gulf coast to southern Alabama; further east, breeding range extends from southeastern North Carolina and central South Carolina south to central Florida. Generally winters in Mexico, southern Florida, the West Indies, and Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Red rump, red underparts, greenish back, and purplish-blue head identify the male. Female is greenish above, with yellow-green underparts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in shrubs or trees, generally up to about 3-12 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, weed stalks, and leaves; and lined with animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 3-4; 19 mm.; light bluish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 888,
"SPECIES_ID": 9559,
"CLO": 9561,
"SPEC_NAME": "Spot-breasted Oriole",
"LATINNAME": "Icterus pectoralis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in woodlands, brushy scrub habitats, and in semi-open areas with scattered trees (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: This species is native to Mexico and Central America; it was introduced (and is now established) in southeastern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note bright orange head and underparts; wings and tail are dark. Note patch of orange at bend of wing, and white wing patch; throat is black, extending onto breast as black spots.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees. Nest is a pouch- or pendulous-shaped structure built from grasses and other vegetation.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-5; light blue, with darker markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 889,
"SPECIES_ID": 9560,
"CLO": 9562,
"SPEC_NAME": "Altamira Oriole",
"LATINNAME": "Icterus gularis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "This species was formerly known as Lichtenstein's Oriole.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in woodlands, scrub, and second-growth habitats; also frequents semi-open areas with scattered trees and shrubs (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends from extreme southern Texas south into Mexico and Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Hooded Oriole. Note Altamira Oriole's larger size and thicker bill (especially at base); Altamira Oriole also has orange patch at bend of wing. Immatures are generally yellowish compared to the orangish coloration of adults; note yellowish wing bars and shoulder patch.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 12-35 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a pendulous-shaped structure built from grasses and other vegetation, and lined with animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-4; 29 mm.; white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 890,
"SPECIES_ID": 9561,
"CLO": 9563,
"SPEC_NAME": "Streak-backed Oriole",
"LATINNAME": "Icterus pustulatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in brushy woodlands and scrub habitats, but also in semi-open areas with scattered trees and shrubs; usually in dry or semi-arid situations; also frequents plantations (Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Mexico and Central America; considered to be a casual visitor to California and Arizona; has occasionally bred in Arizona (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note deep orange or reddish-orange color of male; streaked upper back separates this species from Hooded Oriole, which may have barring on back in the winter. The base of the bill in Streak-backed Oriole is thicker than in Hooded Oriole, and upper mandible is also straighter in comparison to Hooded Oriole. \r\n\r\nNest Habits: Casually breeds in Pinal and Santa Cruz Counties, Arizona (A.O.U. 1998).",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 891,
"SPECIES_ID": 9562,
"CLO": 9564,
"SPEC_NAME": "Hooded Oriole",
"LATINNAME": "Icterus cucullatus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.1",
"SECRETS": "In many parts of its range, the Hooded Oriole can be found by first locating a grove of palm trees; oftentimes, a search of such habitat will reveal 1 or more Hooded Orioles (they use palm trees as a place to build their nests).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in deciduous and riparian woodlands, mesquite and arid scrub habitats, in groves of palm trees, and near places of human habitation (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northern Central America, Mexico, and southern Baja California north to northern coastal and central California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, central Arizona, southern New Mexico, and western and southern Texas. Generally winters from southern Baja California and northern Mexico south to northern Central America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Male has orange head, rump, and underparts, with black tail, upper back, and wings; note white wing bars, and black on face and lores; forehead and crown are orange (compare with Bullock's Orioles). Female is generally yellow or greenish-yellow in color; lacks whitish belly of Bullock's Oriole.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, sometimes in yucca plants, generally up to about 6-45 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup- or pendulous-shaped structure built from grasses and plant fibers, and lined with plant down, mosses, animal hair, and feathers.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 3-4; 22 mm.; white, light blue, or light yellow in color, with brown, purple, or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 892,
"SPECIES_ID": 9564,
"CLO": 9566,
"SPEC_NAME": "Baltimore Oriole",
"LATINNAME": "Icterus galbula",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.2",
"SECRETS": "What about that baseball team? At 1 time, the Baltimore Oriole was renamed the Northern Oriole (when it was merged with the Bullock's Oriole); recently, these two species were split back out, allowing the eastern form to reclaim its name.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open woodlands and park-like habitats, along forest edge, and in orchards and riparian woodlands; during migration and winter, also frequents second-growth and scrub habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Atlantic coast, breeding range extends from Prince Edward Island and central Nova Scotia south to central Virginia, central North Carolina, and western South Carolina; and west to southwestern Quebec, central Saskatchewan, northeastern British Columbia, central Montana and south through the western edge of the Great Plains to eastern Texas, central Louisiana to central Alabama, and north-central Georgia. Migrates to Mexico, Central America, and South America for the winter, when it may also be found in small numbers along the Atlantic coast north to Virginia (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Bullock's Oriole: in Baltimore Oriole, note male's entirely black head, face, and throat, orange at bend of wing, and narrow white wing bar. Female is generally brownish-olive on back, with darker markings on head; note faded orange underparts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 25-30 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a pendulous-shaped structure built from plant fibers and animal hair; and lined with wool and fine grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-6, usually 4; 23 mm.; grayish-white or light bluish-white in color, with darker markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 893,
"SPECIES_ID": 9565,
"CLO": 9567,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bullock's Oriole",
"LATINNAME": "Icterus bullockii",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.6",
"SECRETS": "Despite the fact that Bullock's Oriole was once considered conspecific with the Baltimore Oriole, the songs of these two species are noticeably different; like most orioles, presence is often revealed by chatter call.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open or dispersed woodlands, including riparian areas, but also near fields, grasslands, and savanna habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Pacific coast, breeding range extends from southern British Columbia south to northern Baja California and Mexico; and east to southwestern Saskatchewan, southwestern North Dakota, central South Dakota, western Nebraska, western Kansas, western Oklahoma, and central and southern Texas. Migrates to Mexico and Central America for the winter, when it can sometimes also be found in southern portions of its breeding range and in the Gulf coast region (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Baltimore Oriole: in Bullock's Oriole, note male's black crown, throat, and eye line, which contrast with orange face; broad white wing patch. Female's yellow colors are most apparent on head, upper breast, and undertail coverts; note pale gray back and dull white or grayish-white belly and flanks.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, generally up to about 6-50 feet above the ground. Nest is a pendulous-shaped structure built from plant fibers and bark; and lined with wool, mosses, animal hair, and plant down.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-6, usually 4-5; 23 mm.; light gray or light blue in color, with brown, gray, or black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 894,
"SPECIES_ID": 9566,
"CLO": 9568,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-backed Oriole",
"LATINNAME": "Icterus abeillei",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "At one time, merged with Bullock's Oriole, and even with the Baltimore Oriole when all were called Northern Orioles (A.O.U. 1998); now recognized as a separate, distinct species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pine-oak forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Endemic to Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Like Bullock's Oriole, but male has entirely black back, orangish spectacles, and black on the face. Female is similar to female Bullock's Oriole, but shows faint outline of male Black-backed Oriole on face.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 895,
"SPECIES_ID": 9567,
"CLO": 9569,
"SPEC_NAME": "Orchard Oriole",
"LATINNAME": "Icterus spurius",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.8 ****",
"SECRETS": "Song is a lively series of whistled notes, with a characteristically slurred ending.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in orchards, open woodlands, and park-like or semi-open areas with scattered trees; also frequents scrubby, brushy, or second-growth habitats (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Atlantic coast, breeding range extends from southern Vermont and northern Massachusetts south to central Florida; and west to southeastern Saskatchewan, eastern Montana, eastern Wyoming, eastern Colorado, southeastern New Mexico (and south into Mexico), and southern Texas (includes the Gulf coast). Generally winters in Mexico, Central America, and South America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Combination of black and brick-red colors on male are diagnostic. Female is olive-green above, faded yellow below; note the two whitish wing bars (compare with Baltimore Oriole female).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: May breed in loose colonies. Nests in trees, sometimes in shrubs, generally up to about 4-50 feet above the ground. Nest is a pendulous-shaped structure built from grasses and lined with plant down.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 3-5; 20 mm.; light gray to light blue in color, with brown, gray, or purple markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: It is thought that both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 11-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 896,
"SPECIES_ID": 9569,
"CLO": 9571,
"SPEC_NAME": "Black-vented Oriole",
"LATINNAME": "Icterus wagleri",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in pine-oak and deciduous forests; also frequents scrubby habitats or semi-open areas with scattered trees and shrubs (A.O.U. 1998; Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range includes Mexico and Central America; considered to be accidental in southern Arizona and Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Note black undertail coverts; also black in tail, wings, upper back, head, and throat/upper breast; otherwise bright orangish-yellow in color.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 897,
"SPECIES_ID": 9573,
"CLO": 9575,
"SPEC_NAME": "Audubon's Oriole",
"LATINNAME": "Icterus graduacauda",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in evergreen and pine-oak forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range includes Mexico and southern Texas (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black head, upper breast, wings, and tail; note greenish-yellow patch at bend of wing, and greenish-yellow back and underparts; compare with Scott's Oriole, whose upper back is black.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or shrubs, generally up to about 6-14 feet above the ground. Grasses are used to build the nest.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5; 25 mm.; light blue or grayish-white in color, with brown or purple markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Little information is known.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 898,
"SPECIES_ID": 9575,
"CLO": 9577,
"SPEC_NAME": "Scott's Oriole",
"LATINNAME": "Icterus parisorum",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.8 *",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in lowland and montane scrub habitats, usually in arid situations; also frequents pine-oak forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Mexico and Southern Baja California north to southern California, southern Nevada, southern Utah, southwestern Wyoming, western Colorado, northern New Mexico, and western Texas; withdraws from northern portions of range in the winter, when it is found from southern California and central Baja California south into Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Male has black head, upper breast, wings, upper back, and tail; compare with Audubon's Oriole, whose entire back is greenish-yellow. Female is streaked grayish-green on the back; underparts are more greenish-gray; note the two whitish wing bars.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees or yucca plants, generally up to about 4-20 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from plant fibers and grasses and lined with cotton and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-4, usually 3; 24 mm.; light blue in color, with brown, black, or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 899,
"SPECIES_ID": 9578,
"CLO": 9580,
"SPEC_NAME": "Yellow-headed Blackbird",
"LATINNAME": "Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.3 *",
"SECRETS": "The 'song' of the Yellow-headed Blackbird is truly unique: it has been described by some as a cacophonous series of high-pitched clacking, scraping, or strangling notes, produced with much effort! You must hear it for yourself!",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in fresh-water marshes, especially where cattails (or tule or bulrushes) are present; during migration and in winter, also frequents open areas, including farm lands, pastures, and fields (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central interior and northeastern British Columbia and northern Alberta east across north-central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, and extreme western Ontario to the Great Lakes region; and south to central Washington, western Oregon, southern California, northeastern Baja California, southwestern and east-central Arizona, southwestern and northeastern New Mexico, northern Texas, western Oklahoma, and central Kansas northeastward to northwestern Ohio. Winters in the Pacific coast states, and from central Arizona, Colorado, and southeastern Texas south to southern Baja California and Mexico (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Males are frequently photographed, and considered by some to be one of North America's most brilliantly-colored birds. Females show yellow in face and on breast; note white wing patch in male.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nests is placed in emergent vegetation, generally up to about 3 feet above the water's surface. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses, reeds, and cattails.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 4; 26 mm.; light gray to light green in color, with brown or gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 9-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 900,
"SPECIES_ID": 9583,
"CLO": 9585,
"SPEC_NAME": "Red-winged Blackbird",
"LATINNAME": "Agelaius phoeniceus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.0 ****",
"SECRETS": "This species is often cited as an example of birds that are polygynous: 1 male breeding with several females, each of which lays and incubates eggs in separate nests, with no assistance from the male.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in marshes, grassy fields, along roadsides, and in or near agricultural areas, usually near water.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northern Baja California, Mexico, Central America, southern Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida north to east-central Alaska, southern Yukon, west-central and southern Mackenzie, northern Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, and northern Ontario to Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. Generally winters from the northern U.S., southern British Columbia, and southern Ontario south through remainder of breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: One birder once joined the National Audubon Society by asking What's that black bird with the red wings? Once he received an answer, he felt inspired to become a birder! Note that lower edge of red in male's wing is bordered with buffy-white or buffy-yellow strip (compare with Tricolored Blackbird). Females are duller, with buffy eyebrow and streaked underparts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Usually nests near or over water; nest is placed in emergent vegetation, but also in shrubs, rarely in trees, generally up to about 1-20 feet above the ground/water's surface. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from cattail leaves, sedges, and other plant fibers; and lined fine grasses or rushes.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 3-4; 25 mm.; light bluish-green in color, with brown, black, or purple markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 10-12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 11-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 901,
"SPECIES_ID": 9585,
"CLO": 9587,
"SPEC_NAME": "Tricolored Blackbird",
"LATINNAME": "Agelaius tricolor",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "5.6",
"SECRETS": "Although not reflected in the survey-wide long-term BBS trend data, Tricolored Blackbirds are declining and it is now listed in California as a species of Special Concern.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in fresh-water marshes, pastures, agricultural fields, and other open habitats.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northwestern and eastern Oregon south to northwestern Baja California; occurs both in the interior of California and along the central California coast. Generally winters from northern California south throughout the remainder of the breeding range and into adjacent suitable habitat (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Males are similar to Red-winged Blackbird, but red wing patch has a white border; females are darker than female Red-winged Blackbird and lack streaks on belly.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Usually nests near or over water; nest is placed in emergent vegetation, but also in shrubs, generally up to about 5 or more feet above the ground/water's surface. Nest is a cup-shaped or basket-like structure built from grasses, sedges, leaves, and mud.\r\n\r\nEggs: 2-6, usually 3-4; 28 mm.; light green in color, with brown and black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 11-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 11-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 902,
"SPECIES_ID": 9587,
"CLO": 9589,
"SPEC_NAME": "Tawny-shouldered Blackbird",
"LATINNAME": "Agelaius humeralis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in lowland scrub and second-growth habitats; also frequents pastures and agricultural lands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Cuba and Hispaniola in the West Indies; considered to be a casual visitor to Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Smaller than the similarly appearing Red-winged Blackbird; sexes are not as strongly dimorphic (i.e., different from one another). Note buff-orange shoulder patches, which are outlined with buff; somewhat less conspicuous in females. Rest of plumage is black.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in the United States.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 903,
"SPECIES_ID": 9595,
"CLO": 9597,
"SPEC_NAME": "Eastern Meadowlark",
"LATINNAME": "Sturnella magna",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-2.6 ****",
"SECRETS": "There is a lot of habitat overlap between Eastern Meadowlarks and Red-winged Blackbirds; if you go through your old records, you'll find that on any day where 1 of these species was recorded, the other was also likely to have been observed.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open fields and grassy areas, including cultivated lands.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Atlantic coast, breeding range extends from central Nova Scotia south to southern Florida; and west to central Ontario, northern Minnesota, southwestern South Dakota, western Nebraska, central Kansas, Texas (includes the Gulf coast), central New Mexico (and south into Mexico and Central America), and northwestern Arizona. Winters from New England, New York, the southern Great Lakes region, and Nebraska south throughout remainder of breeding range (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare to Western Meadowlark: note that yellow on throat does not come up on side of face as high as it does in Western Meadowlark; tail patterns also differ, but can only be observed under ideal conditions. Some experts believe that these birds are best identified by voice (or range, when in an area where these two species do not overlap). Eastern Meadowlark's song is a simple series of about 4 whistles; Western Meadowlark sounds more flute-like.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure that is often domed. Nest is built from grasses and plant stems and lined with pine needles and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 3-5; 28 mm.; white in color, with pink hue, and brown or lavender markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 11-12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 904,
"SPECIES_ID": 9596,
"CLO": 9598,
"SPEC_NAME": "Western Meadowlark",
"LATINNAME": "Sturnella neglecta",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-0.6 ****",
"SECRETS": "Hybrids resulting from breeding between this species and the Eastern Meadowlark are rare, and have been described as sterile (A.O.U. 1998). This supports the treatment of these meadowlarks as separate species.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open fields and grassy areas, including cultivated lands.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Along the Pacific coast, breeding range extends from central British Columbia south to northwestern Baja California; and east to north-central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, western Ontario, the Great Lakes region, western New York, central Ohio, northern Indiana, southern Illinois, southwestern Tennessee, northwestern Louisiana, west-central Texas, and western and central Arizona (and south into Mexico). Generally winters from southern Baja California, Mexico, southern Texas, the Gulf coast, and northwestern Florida north to southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, southern Wisconsin, and southwestern Michigan (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare to Eastern Meadowlark: note that yellow on throat comes up on side of face higher than it does in Eastern Meadowlark; tail patterns also differ, but can only be observed under ideal conditions. Some experts believe that these birds are best identified by voice (or range, when in an area where these two species do not overlap). Eastern Meadowlark's song is a simple series of about 4 whistles; Western Meadowlark sounds more flute-like.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure that is often domed. Nest is built from grasses and plant stems and lined with pine needles and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 5; 28 mm.; white in color, with pink hue, and brown or lavender markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 905,
"SPECIES_ID": 9611,
"CLO": 9613,
"SPEC_NAME": "Common Grackle",
"LATINNAME": "Quiscalus quiscula",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.6 ****",
"SECRETS": "Keeled tail that is diagnostic of grackles is useful as an identification aid for this species, especially for birds in flight and at considerable distances.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found along forest edge, in open woodlands and in semi-open areas with scattered trees, and in urban or suburban areas (especially where conifers or other dense habitats exist); during migration and winter, may form large flocks with other blackbirds, and can be found on cultivated lands, and in pastures, fields, or marshes.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northeastern British Columbia and southern Mackenzie east across northwestern and central Saskatchewan, central and northeastern Manitoba, and central Ontario to New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and southwestern Newfoundland; and south to Nevada, northern and eastern Utah, central Colorado, central and southeastern New Mexico, central and southeastern Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida. Generally winters from North Dakota, the southern portions of the Great Lakes states, southern Ontario, New England, and Nova Scotia south to southern New Mexico, and central and southern Texas east to the Gulf coast and southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Iridescent and glossy purplish-blue colors and keeled tail help to identify this grackle; note bright eyes. Females are duller. Two color forms are generally described: purple and bronze; birds of the latter type have a bronze sheen on back and breast.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: May breed in colonies. Nests in trees, but may also use tree cavities, buildings, artificial nest sites, and other locations; generally up to about 2-12 or more feet above the ground. Nest is a bulky, cup-shaped structure built from twigs, weed stalks, grasses, and mud; and lined with feathers and a variety of inanimate objects.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-7, usually 2-6; 29 mm.; light green or light brown in color, with brown or lavender markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 16-20 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 906,
"SPECIES_ID": 9612,
"CLO": 9614,
"SPEC_NAME": "Boat-tailed Grackle",
"LATINNAME": "Quiscalus major",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "2.5 **",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open areas in or near brackish marshes; also frequents pastures and cultivated lands (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range is limited to coastal areas, from New York and New Jersey south to southern Florida (and throughout the Florida peninsula), and west along the Gulf coast to southeastern Texas; occasionally further inland (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Males have a dark, blackish plumage with a glossy finish; appears iridescent, mostly with bluish or blackish colors. Female has buffy-brown breast; wings, back, and tail are of a darker brown color. Note large size and keel-shaped tail. Eye color varies from yellow to brown; in area of overlap with Great-tailed Grackle, eye color ranges from dull yellow to brownish. Compare with Great-tailed Grackle: note Boat-tailed's smaller size, more rounded head, and eye color.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in loose colonies. Near or over water, nests in emergent vegetation (e.g., cattails or bulrushes) or shrubs; also sometimes further from water, in trees, generally up to about 50 feet above the ground. May use old heron nests. Nest is a bulky, cup-shaped structure built from rushes, mud, cattails, and marsh grasses (near or over water), or twigs, weed stalks, feathers, and a variety of inanimate objects (in trees).\r\n\r\nEggs: 1-5, usually 2-4; 32 mm.; light blue to bluish-gray in color, with brown, gray, purple, or black markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-15 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 12-15 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 907,
"SPECIES_ID": 9613,
"CLO": 9615,
"SPEC_NAME": "Great-tailed Grackle",
"LATINNAME": "Quiscalus mexicanus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "5.0 ****",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in open and semi-open areas, including (but not limited to) scrubby, second-growth habitats, pastures, and agricultural lands (A.O.U. 1998; Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident breeding range extends from South America, Central America and Mexico north to central Nevada, north-central Utah, central Colorado, southern Nebraska, northern Iowa, northern Missouri, western Arkansas, and southwestern Louisiana; also resident in southwestern and east-central California, and in northeastern Baja California. Withdraws from the northernmost portions of its range during the winter (A.O.U. 1998). Note: breeding range has undergone significant expansion in the 20th century.\r\n\r\nField Marks: Males are glossy black, with purple iridescence (mostly on head and back). Female has olive-brown breast; wings, back, and tail are of a darker brown color; unlike Boat-tailed Grackle, female Great-tailed shows some iridescent gloss or sheen on back and wings. Note golden-yellow eyes, large size, and keel-shaped tail. In area of overlap with Boat-tailed Grackle, bright yellow eye color and larger size of Great-tailed Grackle help to separate these species; also note that male has a flatter appearance to crown.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in colonies. Nest may be placed in a wide variety of locations, including emergent marsh vegetation, canebrakes, tall grass, shrubs, trees, man-made structures (e.g., utility poles), etc.; nests nay be placed up to 2 or more feet above water surface, or even up to 50 feet above the ground in trees; most nests resemble those built by Boat-tailed Grackle.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-5, usually 3-4; 33 mm.; greenish-blue with darker markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 13-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 20-23 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 908,
"SPECIES_ID": 9618,
"CLO": 9620,
"SPEC_NAME": "Rusty Blackbird",
"LATINNAME": "Euphagus carolinus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-8.4 **",
"SECRETS": "The Rusty Blackbird joins other blackbird species in the winter; these birds form large mixed-species winter roosts, which may sometimes number in excess of 4 million birds, most of which are Red-winged Blackbirds and Common Grackles.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in bogs, wet woodlands, and riparian woodlands; during migration and winter, also frequents pastures, scrubby areas, cultivated lands, and more open woodland settings (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from Alaska and northern Yukon east across northwestern and central Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, and northern Manitoba to north-central Labrador and Newfoundland; and south to northwestern and interior British Columbia, southwestern and south-central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, northeastern Minnesota, southern Ontario, southern Quebec, northeastern New York, northern New England, and Nova Scotia. In the winter, Rusty Blackbirds can be found from eastern New Mexico, central and southeastern Texas, the Gulf coast, and northern Florida north (but east of the Rockies) to southern Ontario and Montana; in Canada, winter range expands westward to southern Saskatchewan, central Alberta, southern British Columbia, and south-coastal Alaska (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Both males and females have bright eyes (compare with Brewer's Blackbird, where female has dark eye). In breeding plumage, male is all black (may be glossy, but lacks contrasting iridescent colors of Brewer's Blackbird male). In the fall and winter, feather edgings in both sexes take on a rusty-brown appearance for which this species is named.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests in trees, usually near or over water, generally up to about 2-20 feet above the ground/water surface. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, lichens, and grasses; and lined with small roots and finer grasses.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-5; 26 mm.; light bluish-green in color, with brown and gray markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 11-13 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 909,
"SPECIES_ID": 9619,
"CLO": 9621,
"SPEC_NAME": "Brewer's Blackbird",
"LATINNAME": "Euphagus cyanocephalus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-3.8 **",
"SECRETS": "In the west, the Brewer's Blackbird is found in urban environments; something that is essentially unheard of in the east; this is perhaps because it is filling a niche that is vacant due to absence of Common Grackles in the west.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in riparian woodlands, pastures and grassy fields; in or near places of human habitation; agricultural areas; marshes; and park-like habitats. Also frequents shrubby areas, often near water (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from southwestern and central interior British Columbia and southwestern Mackenzie east across north-central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, and southern Manitoba to central Ontario and northern New York; and south to northwestern Baja California, southern California, southern Nevada, central Arizona, southern New Mexico, western and northern Texas, Oklahoma, Colorado, and northwestern Nebraska east to northwestern Indiana and southern Michigan. Generally winters from southern British Columbia, central Alberta, and Montana southeastward to Missouri, the northern parts of the Gulf states, northern Georgia, and western South Carolina; and south to southern Baja California, Mexico, southern Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: In male, note greenish tint to body; purplish sheen to head. Female has dark eye (compare with Rusty Blackbird).\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Breeds in loose colonies. Nests on the ground, but also in shrubs or trees, generally up to about 150 feet above the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from twigs, pine needles, grasses, and mud; and lined with small roots and animal hair.\r\n\r\nEggs: 3-7, usually 4-6; 25 mm.; light gray or light greenish-gray in color, with brown or grayish-brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 12-14 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 13-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 910,
"SPECIES_ID": 9622,
"CLO": 9624,
"SPEC_NAME": "Shiny Cowbird",
"LATINNAME": "Molothrus bonariensis",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in a variety of habitats, ranging from forest edge, lowland or second-growth scrubby areas, and pastures or agricultural lands to riparian thickets and deciduous forests (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Resident in the West Indies, South America, and Central America; has recently become established in southern Florida, and can now be found regularly north to central Florida; more rarely to western Florida and southern Georgia. It has been documented as ranging as far north as North Carolina, and west to Oklahoma and central Texas; considered to be accidental in Maine (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Bronzed and Brown-headed Cowbirds; note slender bill and dark eyes. Males are purplish- or bluish-black in color. Dark grayish-brown plumage of female closely resembles Brown-headed female, but note difference in bill shape.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Recently established in southern Florida. Like other cowbirds, it is a brood-parasite, and the female will lay her eggs in the nests of other species.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 911,
"SPECIES_ID": 9623,
"CLO": 9625,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bronzed Cowbird",
"LATINNAME": "Molothrus aeneus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "1.3",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in woodlands and along woodland edge; also frequents pastures, roadsides, agricultural lands, and second-growth scrubby habitats (A.O.U. 1998; Howell and Webb 1995).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from northern South America, Central America, and Mexico north to southeastern California, west-central and southern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and western, west-central, and southern Texas. Withdraws from northern portions of range in the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Black plumage of male has a glossy appearance, with bluish-black tint to wings and tail; note ruffled appearance to back of neck, red eyes, and comparatively longer bill (compare to Brown-headed Cowbird). Females range in color from dull black to dark gray; usually show red eye, but it may appear more brown in the winter.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Unfortunately, this bird does not build its own nest. It is a brood parasite; female lays its eggs in the nests of other birds.\r\n\r\nEggs: Variable number laid each season; 23 mm.; light bluish-green in color.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Host species incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 10-12 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 11 days old.",
"COMMON": 0
},
{
"KEY_ID": 912,
"SPECIES_ID": 9624,
"CLO": 9626,
"SPEC_NAME": "Brown-headed Cowbird",
"LATINNAME": "Molothrus ater",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.1 ****",
"SECRETS": "Here's a trick question for aspiring young Ornithology students: Where does the Brown-headed Cowbird build its nest?",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in woodlands and along woodland edge; during migration, also frequents open areas, including agricultural grain fields, pastures, grassy fields, and scrubby habitats; often associated with presence of livestock.\r\n\r\nDistribution: Widespread. Breeding range extends from southern Baja California, Mexico, southern Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida north to southern portions of Alaska, northern British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, northern Alberta, north-central Saskatchewan, and southern Manitoba east to New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and southern Newfoundland. Withdraws from the northern portions of its range in the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Relatively short bill appears almost conical; male's brown head is diagnostic. Female is plain grayish-brown, paler below, with grayish-white throat. Song is a silky whistling sound, often preceded by a gurgling noise; also gives a dry, sputtering, trill. In the winter, often joins other blackbirds in large, mixed species roosts.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Unfortunately, this bird does not build its own nest. It is a brood parasite; female lays its eggs in the nests of other birds. Females may be able to lay up to 40 or more eggs in a single breeding season. While eggs are being laid, the host bird's eggs may be evicted. Because cowbird eggs and young go through an accelerated development (the eggs hatch earlier than many host eggs, and the young grow faster), the host species oftentimes winds up spending most of its reproductive resources raising the young cowbird than their own nestlings. The range of the Brown-headed Cowbird has expanded substantially over the past 100 years, in response to deforestation practices and other human activities.\r\n\r\nEggs: Variable number laid each season; 21 mm.; white to grayish-white in color, with brown markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Host species incubates the eggs and cares for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 10-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10-11 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 913,
"SPECIES_ID": 9626,
"CLO": 9628,
"SPEC_NAME": "Bobolink",
"LATINNAME": "Dolichonyx oryzivorus",
"FAMILY_ID": "ICTE",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "-1.6 ****",
"SECRETS": "Flight call, 'Bink!', can be used to identify birds flying high overhead, especially in the fall, when you should listen for it in the early morning hours (i.e., at sunrise and a couple hours afterwards).",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Found in grassy fields and meadows; also in alfalfa or clover fields; during migration and winter, frequents rice fields and marshes (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Breeding range extends from central and southern interior British Columbia east across southern Canada to Newfoundland; and south to eastern and south-central Washington, eastern Oregon, northeastern Nevada, northern Utah, eastern Colorado, Kansas, northern Missouri, and central Illinois east to New Jersey; breeds locally further south in parts of Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland. Migrates to South America for the winter (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Male's black plumage, white rump and wing patch, and buff patch on nape are distinctive. Female is buffy-brown, paler below; note striped crown and streaking on back and along sides and flanks. In the fall, birds resemble adult breeding female but have a deeper buffy color.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Nests on the ground. Nest is a cup-shaped structure built from grasses and weed stems.\r\n\r\nEggs: 4-7, usually 5-6; 21 mm.; light gray to light brown in color, with brown, purple, or lavender markings.\r\n\r\nIncubation: Female incubates the eggs and both sexes care for the young. Incubation lasts approximately 10-13 days; young are capable of flight when they are about 10-14 days old.",
"COMMON": 1
},
{
"KEY_ID": 914,
"SPECIES_ID": 1699,
"CLO": 1699,
"SPEC_NAME": "Long-billed Murrelet",
"LATINNAME": "Brachyramphus perdix",
"FAMILY_ID": "ALCI",
"STATUS": "No Special Status",
"BBS": "N/A",
"SECRETS": "Closely related to the Marbled Murrelet, this Asian species is sometimes found in N. America; many of the early records were from inland areas, but it likely occurs more often along the Pacific coast than previously thought.",
"DESCRIPTION": "Habitat: Coastal waters, especially on near-shore waters and bays; nests in trees (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nDistribution: Native to Asia; considered to be a casual visitor to North America (A.O.U. 1998).\r\n\r\nField Marks: Compare with Marbled Murrelet. In Long-billed Murrelet, note lack of white collar on hind neck; instead, Long-billed Murrelets often have an indistinct, whitish oval-shaped spot on each side of the nape. Also, on the face, Marbled Murrelets usually have noticeably more black below the eye. All of these marks apply to birds in basic or winter plumage.\r\n\r\nNest Habits: Does not breed in North America.",
